Modelling energy transition risk: The impact of declining energy return on investment (EROI)

This study dealt with the effect of foreign direct investment on the market value of the company during the period of time (2010-2017). This issue was studied through a sample of oil fields in southern Iraq in which the company operates within the first and second licensing contracts rounds and according to the circumstances and variables of the investment environment as it is. Although this investment often achieves high returns, it is also characterized by a high degree of risk and for the purpose of evaluating the impact of foreign direct investment on the market value of the company's stock prices for the period (2010-2017). The statistical scale (T-TEST) was used to indicate the significance of the correlation hypotheses. Between the return on investment as the independent variable and the market value as the dependent variable, and the use of the coefficient of determination (R2) that measures the effect of the independent variable (foreign direct investment) on the dependent variable (market value) and the F-Test to demonstrate acceptance or rejection of the hypothesis of the return on investing in the market value of the oil company, and if the company achieves a high return in foreign direct investment, the market value of it will be affected positively. The study was based on a set of goals, including determining the attractiveness of Iraq to foreign investments, especially the oil sector, and the study reached a number of conclusions, the most prominent of which is the existence of a strong inverse correlation between the return on investment and the market value of the company. And the existence of a slight impact of the return on investment on the market value of the company, and the study reached a number of recommendations, the most important of which is activating the investment climate through political stability and the clarity and stability of laws and legislation regulating investment, which is one of the most important factors affecting the investment decision.

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Return on Invesment (ROI) of Software Product: A Systematic Literature Review

Jurnal ULTIMA InfoSys ◽

10.31937/si.v6i1.279 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 50-57

Author(s):

Rizqa Raaiqa Bintana ◽

Putri Aisyiyah Rakhma Devi ◽

Umi Laili Yuhana

Keyword(s):

Return On Investment ◽

Assessment Criteria ◽

Software Product ◽

And Performance ◽

Rational Consideration ◽

Actual Return ◽

The Cost ◽

Investment Models ◽

The Impact

The quality of the software can be measured by its return on investment. Factors which may affect the return on investment (ROI) is the tangible factors (such as the cost) dan intangible factors (such as the impact of software to the users or stakeholder). The factor of the software itself are assessed through reviewing, testing, process audit, and performance of software. This paper discusses the consideration of return on investment (ROI) assessment criteria derived from the software and its users. These criteria indicate that the approach may support a rational consideration of all relevant criteria when evaluating software, and shows examples of actual return on investment models. Conducted an analysis of the assessment criteria that affect the return on investment if these criteria have a disproportionate effort that resulted in a return on investment of a software decreased. Index Terms - Assessment criteria, Quality assurance, Return on Investment, Software product

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What was the impact of a participatory research project in Australian Indigenous primary healthcare services? Applying a comprehensive framework for assessing translational health research to Lessons for the Best

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040749 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. e040749

Author(s):

Shanthi Ann Ramanathan ◽

Sarah Larkins ◽

Karen Carlisle ◽

Nalita Turner ◽

Ross Stewart Bailie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Learning Community ◽

Primary Healthcare ◽

Health Research ◽

Return On Investment ◽

Health Centre ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Cost Consequence ◽

Comprehensive Framework ◽

The Impact

ObjectivesTo (1) apply the Framework to Assess the Impact from Translational health research (FAIT) to Lessons from the Best to Better the Rest (LFTB), (2) report on impacts from LFTB and (3) assess the feasibility and outcomes from a retrospective application of FAIT.SettingThree Indigenous primary healthcare (PHC) centres in the Northern Territory, Australia; project coordinating centre distributed between Townsville, Darwin and Cairns and the broader LFTB learning community across Australia.ParticipantsLFTB research team and one representative from each PHC centre.Primary and secondary outcome measuresImpact reported as (1) quantitative metrics within domains of benefit using a modified Payback Framework, (2) a cost-consequence analysis given a return on investment was not appropriate and (3) a narrative incorporating qualitative evidence of impact. Data were gathered through in-depth stakeholder interviews and a review of project documentation, outputs and relevant websites.ResultsLFTB contributed to knowledge advancement in Indigenous PHC service delivery; enhanced existing capacity of health centre staff, researchers and health service users; enhanced supportive networks for quality improvement; and used a strengths-based approach highly valued by health centres. LFTB also leveraged between $A1.4 and $A1.6 million for the subsequent Leveraging Effective Ambulatory Practice (LEAP) Project to apply LFTB learnings to resource development and creation of a learning community to empower striving PHC centres.ConclusionRetrospective application of FAIT to LFTB, although not ideal, was feasible. Prospective application would have allowed Indigenous community perspectives to be included. Greater appreciation of the full benefit of LFTB including a measure of return on investment will be possible when LEAP is complete. Future assessments of impact need to account for the limitations of fully capturing impact when intermediate/final impacts have not yet been realised and captured.

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Understanding the impact on energy transition of consumer behavior and enterprise decisions through evolutionary game analysis

Sustainable Production and Consumption ◽

10.1016/j.spc.2021.04.015 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wang Qiao ◽

Xiaobo Yin

Keyword(s):

Consumer Behavior ◽

Evolutionary Game ◽

Energy Transition ◽

Game Analysis ◽

The Impact

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Edible Energy Production and Energy Return on Investment—Long-Term Analysis of Global Changes

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14041011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 1011

Author(s):

Bartłomiej Bajan ◽

Joanna Łukasiewicz ◽

Agnieszka Poczta-Wajda ◽

Walenty Poczta

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Return On Investment ◽

Food Production ◽

Energy Production ◽

Crop Production ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Animal Production ◽

Global Changes ◽

Energy Return On Investment

The projected increase in the world’s population requires an increase in the production of edible energy that would meet the associated increased demand for food. However, food production is strongly dependent on the use of energy, mainly from fossil fuels, the extraction of which requires increasing input due to the depletion of the most easily accessible deposits. According to numerous estimations, the world’s energy production will be dependent on fossil fuels at least to 2050. Therefore, it is vital to increase the energy efficiency of production, including food production. One method to measure energy efficiency is the energy return on investment (EROI), which is the ratio of the amount of energy produced to the amount of energy consumed in the production process. The literature lacks comparable EROI calculations concerning global food production and the existing studies only include crop production. The aim of this study was to calculate the EROI of edible crop and animal production in the long term worldwide and to indicate the relationships resulting from its changes. The research takes into account edible crop and animal production in agriculture and the direct consumption of fossil fuels and electricity. The analysis showed that although the most underdeveloped regions have the highest EROI, the production of edible energy there is usually insufficient to meet the food needs of the population. On the other hand, the lowest EROI was observed in highly developed regions, where production ensures food self-sufficiency. However, the changes that have taken place in Europe since the 1990s indicate an opportunity to simultaneously reduce the direct use of energy in agriculture and increase the production of edible energy, thus improving the EROI.

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Adding value to the use of Health Impact Assessment and social return on investment technologies

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.341 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

L Green ◽

K Ashton ◽

M Dyakova ◽

L Parry-Williams

Keyword(s):

Impact Assessment ◽

Return On Investment ◽

Health Impact Assessment ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Health Impact ◽

Social Value ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Social Return On Investment ◽

The Impact

Abstract Health Impact Assessment (HIA) and Social Return on Investment (SROI) are beneficial public health methodologies that assess potential effects on health including social, economic and environmental factors and have synergies in their approaches. This paper explores how HIA and SROI can complement each other to capture and account for the impact and social value of an assessed intervention or policy. A scoping review of academic and grey literature was undertaken to identify case studies published between January 1996 and April 2019 where HIA and SROI methods have been used to complement each other. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with nine international experts from a range of regulatory/legislative contexts to gain a better understanding of past experiences and expertise of both HIA and SROI. A thematic analysis was undertaken on the data collected. The review identified two published reports which outline when HIA and SROI have both been used to assess the same intervention. Interview results suggest that both methods have strengths as standalone processes i.e. HIAs are well-structured in their approach, assessing health in its broadest context and SROI can add value by monetizing social value as well as capturing social/environmental impact. Similarities of the two methods were identified i.e. a strong emphasis on stakeholder engagement and common shared principles. When questioned how the two methods could complement each other in practice, the results indicate the benefits of using HIA to explore initial impact, and as a platform on which to build SROI to monetarize social value. HIA and SROI methodologies have cross-over. The research suggests potential benefits when used in tandem or combining the methods to assess impact and account for health and social value. Innovative work is now being carried out in Wales to understand the implications of this in practice and to understand how the results of the two methods could be used by decision-makers. Key messages HIA and SROI methods can be used in tandem to capture both the health impact and social value of policies and proposed interventions. HIA and SROI when used together can provide valuable information to inform decision makers around the health impact and social value of proposed policies and interventions.

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A Framework for Assessing the Value of RFID Implementation by Tier-One Suppliers to Major Retailers

Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research ◽

10.3390/jtaer3010007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 55-70

Author(s):

Dharmaraj Veeramani ◽

Jenny Tang ◽

Alfonso Gutierrez

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Radio Frequency ◽

Radio Frequency Identification ◽

Return On Investment ◽

Real Life ◽

Data Capture ◽

Automatic Identification ◽

Rfid Technology ◽

Frequency Identification ◽

The Impact

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a rapidly evolving technology for automatic identification and data capture of products. One of the barriers to the adoption of RFID by organizations is difficulty in assessing the potential return on investment (ROI). Much of the research and analyses to date of ROI in implementing RFID technology have focused on the benefits to the retailer. There is a lack of a good understanding of the impact of RFID at upper echelons of the supply chain. In this paper, we present a framework and models for assessing the value of RFID implementation by tier-one suppliers to major retailers. We also discuss our real-life application of this framework to one of Wal-Mart’s top 100 suppliers

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Assessment of Indonesia’s Future Renewable energy Plan: A Meta-Analysis of Biofuel Energy Return on Investment (EROI)

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14102803 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 2803

Author(s):

Wiraditma Prananta ◽

Ida Kubiszewski

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Return On Investment ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Positive Energy ◽

Land Restoration ◽

Energy Return On Investment ◽

Land Preparation

In early 2020, Indonesia implemented the biodiesel 30 (B30) program as an initiative to reduce Indonesia’s dependency on fossil fuels and to protect Indonesia’s palm oil market. However, palm oil has received international criticism due to its association with harmful environmental externalities. This paper analysed whether an investment in palm oil-based biofuel (POBB) provides Indonesia with the ability to achieve its environmental and financial goals. In this research, we performed a meta-analysis on biofuel energy return on investment (EROI) by examining 44 biofuel projects using ten types of biofuel feedstocks from 13 countries between 1995 and 2016. Results showed an average EROI of 3.92 and 3.22 for POBB and other biomass-based biofuels (OBBB), respectively. This shows that if only energy inputs and outputs are considered, biofuels provide a positive energy return. However, biofuels, including those from palm oil, produce externalities especially during land preparation and land restoration. We also compared these EROI biofuel results with other renewable energy sources and further analysed the implications for renewable energies to meet society’s energy demands in the future. Results showed that biofuel gives the lowest EROI compared to other renewable energy sources. Its EROI of 3.92, while positive, has been categorised as “not feasible for development”. If Indonesia plans to continue with its biofuel program, some major improvements will be necessary.

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