Quantifying and mapping ecosystem services: Demand and supply of pollination in the European Union

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J.E. Schulp ◽  
S. Lautenbach ◽  
P.H. Verburg
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Demand And Supply

scholarly journals Mapping hotspots and bundles of forest ecosystem services across the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 104840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Orsi ◽  
Marco Ciolli ◽  
Eeva Primmer ◽  
Liisa Varumo ◽  
Davide Geneletti
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services

A Comparative Analysis of Accountability Mechanisms for Ecosystem Services Markets in the United States and the European Union

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Glicksman ◽  
Thoko Kaime
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Market Manipulation ◽  
The European Union

AbstractMarkets in ecosystem services have the potential to provide financial incentives to protect the environment either in lieu of or in addition to more traditional regulatory programmes. If these markets function properly, they can provide enhanced levels of environmental quality or more efficient mechanisms for protecting natural resources that provide vital services to humans. The theoretical benefits of ecosystem services markets may be undercut, however, if care is not taken in creating the legal infrastructure that supports trading to ensure that trades actually provide the promised environmental benefits. This article identifies five essential pillars of an ecosystem services market regime that are necessary to provide operational accountability safeguards. These include financial safeguards, verifiable performance standards, transparency and public participation standards, regulatory oversight mechanisms, and rule of law safeguards. The article assesses whether the laws of the United States (US) and European Union (EU) are well designed to provide such accountability. It concludes that despite recognition of the risk of market manipulation and outright fraud, regulators in the US and the EU to date have responded to these risks largely in an ad hoc and incomplete fashion, rather than embedding the mechanisms for operational accountability discussed in this article into the regulatory framework that governs ecosystem services trading markets.

Globalization of Air Transport: The Challenges of the GATS

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanaa Fayed ◽  
John Westlake
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
International Policy ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
New Challenges

The impacts of globalization on national and international policy making processes are illustrated by an examination of the effects on air transport industries. Trends towards the liberalization of air transport activities have been noted in many countries, mainly, to date, those of developed or rapidly developing status. Specific demand and supply conditions affect the air transport industries, and a particular regulatory framework has grown up since the 1940s. The study examines trends towards the privatization of airline companies in the context of (a) the development of so-called global ‘alliances’ or ‘partnerships’ and (b) liberalization at regional level and within trade groups such as the European Union. The new challenges of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) are considered, especially in terms of how developing countries can develop appropriate policies in response to the forces of globalization, increasing liberalization and competition.

scholarly journals Skills demand and suply in the European Union

Osvitolohiya ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 176-180
Author(s):  
Natalia Mospan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Current State ◽  
Engineering And Technology ◽  
Scientific Engineering

The author of the article presents an analysis of the current situation of demand and supply of specialists in the European Union. The basis for the analysis is the reports of the European Commission, which widely cover this issue. It is worth noting that different EU countries feel the problems of supply and demand in different ways. Their conformity is observed only in Germany, where the number of students graduate each year and enter the labor market in search of work coincides with the requirements of employers in terms of the number of specialists. Other EU countries are in demand for specialists in the scientific, engineering and technology sectors and a quantitative shortage of teachers and doctors. The study is devoted to the questions related to factors that affect the matching between the demand and supply of teachers and doctors. Among such factors is the increase in population, health and education costs. The number of school children is the dominant factor in the demand for teachers. Another factor is educational programs that determine the demand for subject teachers. The policies and priorities of the curriculum have a dominant influence in determining the different types of teachers as well. The demand for physicians depends on the health system. The offer of doctors may differ due to differences in the industry, in particular, the accessibility of education and training for doctors, as well as the conditions of medical service. The results of this study can contribute to a deeper understanding of the current state of the regulating process of higher education interaction with the labor market in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Cyclical fluctuations in freight transport in selected european union countries. Synchronization, or not?

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Sławomir Dorosiewicz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Business Fluctuations ◽  
Cyclical Fluctuations ◽  
External Context ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common

Fluctuations of the economic activity in transport result from the operation of many factors of a demand and supply nature in all sectors of the economy. These factors determine both the common and specific characteristics of such fluctuations. The aim of this paper is not only to examine the morphological features of cyclical fluctuations on the transport market in Poland and selected countries of the European Union, but also the degree of their synchronization. The latter can be understood in the external context (between fluctuations in the transport production of various countries), but also in the internal one, where the subject of comparisons are fluctuations in transport and basic macroeconomic variables. The properties of business fluctuations will be examined by classical procedures for the separation of cyclical components and the detection of their turning points.

scholarly journals The Forest Stakeholders’ Perception towards the NATURA 2000 Network in the Czech Republic

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Schneider ◽  
Aleš Ruda ◽  
Žaneta Kalasová ◽  
Alessandro Paletto
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Participatory Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Natura 2000 Network ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Conservation Interventions

Natura 2000 is a network of European protected areas, established under the provision of two directives of the European Union: the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) and the Birds Directive (79/409/EEC; 2009/147/EU). The Natura 2000 network can be considered an interesting instrument to maintain and improve ecosystem services provided by protected sites. The European Union member countries are free to organize the participatory process in the implementation of the Natura 2000 network. The participatory process is often overlooked despite it being an important tool to increase the social acceptance and reduce conflicts among stakeholders with different interests. The aim of the present study is to investigate the stakeholders’ perceptions towards the ecosystem services provided by the Natura 2000 sites in the Czech Republic. The data was collected through a questionnaire survey involving 53 stakeholders (forester managers and nature conservation authorities) in all regions of the Czech Republic. The results show that for the respondents, the implementation of the Habitats and Birds Directives in the Czech Republic is very or quite important (54.7%), but at the same time, many respondents consider the Natura 2000 network an obstacle for economic activities close to the sites (66.0% of total respondents). In accordance with the stakeholders’ opinions, the three most important human activities near and inside the Natura 2000 sites are agricultural activities, followed by nature conservation interventions and forestry activities. The representatives of environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and academia emphasize the importance of nature conservation interventions, while the other groups of interest consider the provisioning services supplied by agricultural and forestry activities as the most relevant ecosystem services. The results of this study can be considered as the starting point aimed to improve the participatory process in the establishment and management of the Natura 2000 sites based on the stakeholders’ feelings and opinions.

Exploring restoration options for habitats, species and ecosystem services in the European Union

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 899-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benis N. Egoh ◽  
Maria L. Paracchini ◽  
Grazia Zulian ◽  
Jan Philipp Schägner ◽  
Giovanni Bidoglio
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
The European Union

Study on the Evolution of the Meat Price Following the Russian Embargo

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Ionut Laurentiu Petre
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Average Price ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Trade Data ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Meat Market ◽  
The Relationship

This article assesses how and the extent to which EU meat prices are influenced by Russia's embargo. The first part assesses the meat market in the European Union, so it will analyse data on livestock, production and average prices. In the second part, the analysis is reflected on the Russian Federation in order to determine the relationship between consumption and production, then between demand and supply. Using trade data between the two regions, the level of Russian meat import reduction is set. At the end of the article, the link between the average price of meat and the value of Russian imports taken from the European Union is analysed.

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