Success factors for the development of urban bike systems Success factors for the development of urban bike systems Success Factors for the Development of Urban Bike Systems

City bike systems are an important element of sustainable urban mobility. The first concept appeared in the world in the second half ofthe20th century and since then the popularity of this form of transport has been growing all the time. The development of public bicycle systems increases cycling mobility. In recent years, systems have changed constantly, adapting to the needs of users. More and more advanced technological solutions are being introduced and they force continuous development and verification of previous assumptions. The high popularity of city bike systems has influenced the interest of researchers in measuring their success. The basis for creating the classification should be striving to meet the transport needs of potential system users and expectations related to new means of transport.

The Impact of Congestion on the Costs of Public Transport in Starogard Gdański

Congestion in the urban transport network is common not only in large agglomerations, but also in medium-sized cities in all countries that are characterized by a high level of socio-economic development. Traffic congestion has negative impact on economic, social, and environment development. The costs of congestion are borne by all users of the transport system, both drivers, passengers, entities providing transport services, as well as enterprises using freight transport services. The purpose of the article is to discuss the results of the study on the impact of congestion on the costs of public transport in a medium-sized city. The research method consisted in the analysis of vehicle road cards, fuel consumption statements for buses belonging to the Municipal Transport Company in Starogard Gdański and the examination of real bus travel times and the scale of delays caused by congestion on individual lines. The analysis of the data shows that thecompany bears much higher costs of fuel consumption, and passengers are exposed to bus arrivals and departures inconsistently with the timetable, prompting them to opt out of public transport services. This results in lower revenues from ticket sales and deterioration of the company’s financial result.

The Economic Potential of the Pomeranian Voivodeship as a Premise for the Revitalization of Inland Waterways

Each region of Poland has a potential that should be used for economic development. The primary advantages of the Pomeranian Voivodeship include coastal location, positioning at the mouth of the Vistula River to the Gulf of Gdańsk, possessing high density of inland waterways and diversity of landscape. The area has favourable conditions for the development of, among others, ports and tourism. There are two seaports in the Pomeranian Voivodeship in Gdańsk and Gdynia. The Port of Gdansk is one of the largest ports on the Baltic Sea and the largest in Poland. The tourism sector is also dynamically advancing in the voivodeship, increasingly making use of the natural potential of the region by offering various types of sports and recreational activities. The aim of this article is to assess the condition of, and to identify, selected factors of economic development which determine the revitalization of inland waterways in the Pomeranian Voivodeship.

The Role of Inland Waterway Transport in City Logistics

The urbanization process indicates that today’s cities are the main centres where transport demands accumulate. This causes, in effect, an increase in freight and passenger traffic, which in turn contributes to a rise in environmental and noise pollution, accidents, and thus a deterioration of the quality of life in cities. Bearing in mind the numerous advantages of inland waterway transport, it can be assumed that in cities located near inland waterways, this branch can be seen as an important link in the urban logistics chain. Therefore, the aim of this article is to indicate the possibility of using this mode of transport to handle transport needs in cities. Thearticle uses the method of desk research, based on analysing andverifying facts and merging existing statistical data on the urbanization process and experiences related to the use of inland waterway transport to handle various transport needs in selected European cities. The article shows that in cargo transit, the use of inland waters in urban logistics is an attractive branch of transport, not only in such areas as transportation of construction materials or waste collection but also in transport related to the supply of stores. Positive experiences of Western European cities should inspire action to increase the use of this branch in urban logistics in Poland, e.g., in the city of Gdańsk, located above the Motława waterway.

The Role of Profitability Indicators of Gdańsk Road Freight Transport Companies in the Context of Discriminant Analysis

The article is devoted to the problem of the informational value of profitability indicators used in discriminant models of road freight transport companies. The aim of the article was to examine the impact of profitability indicators on the results of discriminant models. Discriminant models are mainly based on accounting liquidity, debt and profitability indicators. The rule is that most models use different profitability indicators. The research was carried out in relation to entities that publish their financial statements, are limited liability companies and have their registered office in Gdańsk.

Selected Aspects of the Functioning of Public Transport in Poland in the Light of Legal Conditions

The article presents basic assumptions related to the organization and functioning of the public transport market. The specificity of the market results in a higher degree of formalization of operating principles than commercial markets. Services of general interest of public transport result from the obligation to meet the needs of local communities related to shipments. Three basic entities: organizers, operators and carriers are responsible for the organization and functioning of the public transport market. The rights and obligations of these entities are governed by both national and EU law.

Integrating Core Maritime Ports in Gdynia and Koper with TENT-T Baltic -Adriatic Corridor Infrastructure

Maritime ports are key elements of transport TEN-T system. As the volume of cargo processed by ports in TENT-T network is rising, it is necessary develop ports’ infrastructure to accommodate rising cargo flows. Gateway ports as Gdynia or Koper seize the opportunity to become more competitive by adapting to international infrastructure standards. The precondition for existence and for successful development ofaport is to offer seamless connection with the hinterland and overseas markets, therefore both ports have been putting effort in developing ports’ infrastructure along with hinterland and overseas connections. The goal of the article is to analyse the trends infrastructure development in gateway ports of Gdynia located in the Baltic-Adriatic TENT-T transport corridor and their plans for further integration with the core TENT-T network.

Opportunities and Challenges for Companies in the Bike Sharing Industry Illustrated by the Example of Nextbike Poland

One of the directions for sustainable transport development in cities is sharing the means of transport. Amongst the most dynamically developing forms of urban transportation is bike sharing, which has already been implemented in various cities across the globe. This article aims to depict opportunities as well as challenges for the bike sharing industry. Enterprises providing such services are successful, due to, among others, a growing interest of local governments in the development of bike sharing programs, which is often reflected in the financial support for this type of undertaking and the high demand for bicycle-transport in cities. However, this type of business is also exposed to the risk associated with the costs of servicing the system, highly competitive market, changes in the economic situation, and rather unfavourable contracts, to mention a few. This risk is especially high while implementing innovative solutions, as is shown by the example of the MEVO system. Also described in the article are the processes of overcoming the obstacles plaguing the bike sharing business.

SULP (Sustainable Urban Logistics Plan) as a Tool for Shaping Sustainable Urban Logistics: a Review of European Projects Supporting the Creation of SULP

Few European cities have logistics plans. However, many European projects involve cities to create such plans and share the results with others. This article reviews the most important projects regarding the creation of Sustainable Urban Logistics Plans (SULP) as the fundamental element of all logistics plans. Having a sustainable logistics plan is necessary to achieve the ambitious goals set in the White Paper on Transport – zero-emission logistics in cities by 2050.

Principles of Calculation of Track Access Charges in Rail Freight Transport in Poland

Non-discriminatory rules for access to the railway infrastructure as well as transparent pricing system are the essential factors of ensuring that the freight transport in Poland is competitive enough. Infrastructure managers pass some categories of their costs (e.g. for maintaining of railway infrastructure) on railway undertakings in the form of access charges verified andaccepted by the Polish regulatory body. In general, approximately one – third of their costs shall be paid by railway undertakings. Given that access charges are treated as one of the most important factors for both railway undertakings and railway infrastructure man-agers. The aim of this article is to review the main principles of calculation of track access charges in rail freight transport in Poland. The article refers to the judgment of the Court of Justice, which stated that Poland failed to properly implement the direct cost principle in the meaning of directive 2001/14/EC. The direct costs principle expressed in article 7(3) of the Directive means that only the direct costs incurred as a result of operating the train services can be taken into account by the rail infrastructure managerwhen setting infrastructure access charges.