Prospective modelling of the hourly response of local renewable energy sources to the residential energy demand in a mixed urban-rural territory

Due to the rapid increase in energy demand with depleting conventional sources, the world’s interest is moving towards renewable energy sources. Microgrid provides easy and reliable integration of distributed generation (DG) units based on renewable energy sources to the grid. The DG’s are usually integrated to microgrid through inverters. For a reliable operation of microgrid, it must have to operate in grid connected as well as isolated mode. Due to sudden mode change, performance of the DG inverter system will be compromised. Design and simulation of an optimized microgrid model in MATLAB/Simulink is presented in this work. The goal of the designed model is to integrate the inverter-interfaced DG’s to the microgrid in an efficient manner. The IEEE 13 bus test feeder has been converted to a microgrid by integration of DG’s including diesel engine generator, photovoltaic (PV) block and battery. The main feature of the designed MG model is its optimization in both operated modes to ensure the high reliability. For reliable interconnection of designed MG model to the power grid, a control scheme for DG inverter system based on PI controllers and DQ-PLL (phase-locked loop) has been designed. This designed scheme provides constant voltage in isolated mode and constant currents in grid connected mode. For power quality improvement, the regulation of harmonic current insertion has been performed using LCL filter. The performance of the designed MG model has been evaluated from the simulation results in MATLAB/ Simulink.

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Selection of Renewable Energy Sources for Buildings

Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering - Design Solutions for nZEB Retrofit Buildings ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-4105-9.ch003 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 69-97

Author(s):

Hanna Irena Jędrzejuk

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Short Review ◽

Biomass Energy ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Legal Regulations ◽

Zero Energy Building ◽

Standard Application ◽

Technical Systems

This chapter describes a general issue of selecting renewable energy sources (RES) and technical systems. To achieve the nearly zero-energy building (nZEB) standard, application of an RES (e.g., solar, wind, geothermal, hydropower, and biomass energy) is necessary. Each type of RES has specific characteristics and can be used to produce electricity and/or heat in certain systems. A short review of various systems using renewable energy sources is presented. To find the required and satisfactory solution that guaranties meeting the nZEB standard, an analysis must be carried out considering a number of aspects: local availability, structure and time-dependence of energy demand, building construction, economic conditions, legal regulations, and specific requirements. Finally, two examples of modernisation towards the nZEB standard are included.

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Replacing Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Power with Renewable Energy: Utopia or Valid Option? A Swiss Case Study of Bioenergy

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13082051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2051 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Renato Lemm ◽

Raphael Haymoz ◽

Astrid Björnsen Gurung ◽

Vanessa Burg ◽

Tom Strebel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Potential Contribution ◽

Swiss Canton ◽

Future System ◽

Conversion Technologies ◽

The Impact

The transition towards a reliable, sustainable, low-carbon energy system is a major challenge of the 21st century. Due to the lower energy density of many renewable energy sources, a future system is expected to be more decentralized, leading to significant changes at the regional scale. This study analyzes the feasibility of the energy transition in the Swiss canton of Aargau as an illustrative example and explores different strategies to satisfy the local demand for electricity, heat, and fuel by 2035. In particular, we assess the potential contribution of biomass. Four scenarios demonstrate what energy demand proportion could be covered by bioenergy if different priorities were given to the provision of heat, electricity, and fuel. The impact of improved conversion technologies is also considered. The results show that the sustainably available renewable energy sources in canton Aargau will probably not be sufficient to cover its forecasted energy demand in 2035, neither with present nor future biomass conversion technologies. At best, 74% of the energy demand could be met by renewables. Biomass can increase the degree of autarky by a maximum of 13%. Depending on the scenario, at least 26–43% (2500–5700 GWh) of total energy demand is lacking, particularly for mobility purposes.

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Application of Smart Grid and Edge Computing Technologies to Improve The Operational Efficiency of The Supply Chain and Logistics Processes

Shanlax International Journal of Management ◽

10.34293/management.v9i2.4331 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 89-96

Author(s):

Suresh Nanda Kumar

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Smart Grid ◽

Rapid Growth ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Operational Efficiency ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Rapid Pace ◽

Surplus Power

Energy demand is growing at a very rapid pace worldwide. Conventional energy sources are being replaced steadily by non-conventional sources such as renewable energy sources like wind, solar, geothermal, hydroelectric etc. This rapid growth in demand for energy compounded by the depletion of conventional, non-renewable energy sources in recent years has brought about a transformation in the energy sector. Households, manufacturers and other consumers of energy can now both produce and consume energy. The flow of energy is bidirectional. They can also either store the surplus power for future use or send it to the grid for sharing with other users of energy. As a result of this transformation, the smart grid came into existence where the producers and the consumers of energy can be the same person and contribute to the supply of energy to the grid.

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Mathematical analysis of a self-service car wash in the aspect of application of renewable energy sources

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2130/1/012004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2130 (1) ◽

pp. 012004

Author(s):

M J Geca

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Solar Collectors ◽

Photovoltaic Panels ◽

Public Network ◽

Car Wash ◽

Self Service

Abstract The paper presents a model of a self-service car wash. Sub-models of water, electricity and natural gas consumption were developed. Heated water is used to wash vehicles and in winter to heat the floor. Electricity is mainly used to power high pressure pumps. The data to develop submodels were based on a time series of 1 year from a 5-station car wash located in central Poland. Chemical consumption and costs were not analyzed in this paper. Generally, this data is quite difficult to access and not provided by car wash manufacturers or owners. The developed model allowed estimating the possibility of using renewable energy sources in the form of solar collectors and photovoltaic panels to balance the energy demand of a car wash depending on the number of washing stands and car wash load. Application of solar collectors allows saving 334 m3 of natural gas per year and 11.2 MWh of electricity in the case of applying photovoltaic panels. The amount of electricity consumed by the carwash is so large that mounting the panels on the whole available area will not provide the required amount anyway. Installation of photovoltaic installation on the premises of touchless car wash is justified in the case of connecting the installation to the public network, which was treated as a battery. The cost of maintaining such a battery is 20% of each stored kWh. As a result of the applied solutions, the CO2 emission will be reduced.

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Techniques for Ensuring Fault Ride-Through Capability of Grid Connected DFIG-Based Wind Turbine Systems: A Review

Nigerian Journal of Technological Development ◽

10.4314/njtd.v18i1.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 39-46

Author(s):

M. Shuaibu ◽

A.S. Abubakar ◽

A.F. Shehu

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Wind Turbine ◽

Electricity Market ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Reactive Power ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Dynamic Performance ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Fault Ride Through

Renewable energy sources (RES) are being integrated to electrical grid to complement the conventional sources to meet up with global electrical energy demand. Among other RES, Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) with Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) have gained global electricity market competitiveness because of the flexible regulation of active and reactive power, higher power quality, variable speed operation, four quadrant converter operation and better dynamic performance. Grid connected DFIG-based WECS are prone to disturbances in the network because of direct connection of stator windings to grid. The ability of the Wind Turbine (WT) to remain connected during grid faults is termed the Fault Ride-Through (FRT) capability. The grid code requirement for integrating the DFIG-based WTs to power networks specified that they must remain connected and support the grid stability during grid disturbances of up to 1500 ms. The use of compensation devices offers the best FRT compliance thereby protecting the DFIG and the converters from voltage fluctuations and over currents during the grid fault. The paper presents a review of techniques employed in ensuring FRT compliance. The article also proposes the state-of-the-art techniques for compensating voltage sag/swell and limiting the fault short-circuit current. Keywords: Renewable energy sources, DFIG, wind turbine system, fault ride-through, grid codes, dual-functional DVR

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Harnessing Renewable Energy at Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education – A Role Model Case

Journal of Sustainability Perspectives ◽

10.14710/jsp.2021.11201 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Neelakandan T.R. ◽

Pandiyarajan V ◽

Shasi Anand Sridharan ◽

Nagaraj Ramrao

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Role Model ◽

Carbon Sink ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Research And Education ◽

The Impact

Global energy demand and environmental concerns are the driving force for the use of alternative sustainable and ecofriendly renewable energy sources. Solar energy is the inexhaustible and CO2 emission free energy source worldwide. It produces significant environmental benefits in comparison to the conventional energy sources, thus contributing to the sustainable development of human activities. It produces clean and renewable power from the sun and benefits the environment without causing air and water pollution. Alternatives to fossil fuels reduce carbon foot print across the globe reducing emission of greenhouse gases and become ecofriendly. Solar power has attracted the largest share of new investments in solar energy across the world. This research article shows light on the solar energy sources developed by Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (KARE) for the effective utilization of solar energy in the campus and its impact on the reduction in carbon foot print and also the impact of green vegetation as a source of carbon sink for an ecofriendly campus.

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Potential of Renewable Energy Sources usage in an energy demand of a single-family houses neighbourhood, constituting an Energy Cluster – a case study

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202017225004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 172 ◽

pp. 25004

Author(s):

Marcin Zygmunt ◽

Dariusz Gawin

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Building Energy Efficiency ◽

Single Family ◽

Continuous Growth ◽

Profitability Analysis ◽

Energy Cluster

Worldwide policy referring to global warming and air pollution assumes several main guidelines, in which Renewable Energy Sources (RES) usage simultaneously with limitation of fossil fuels in energy production seems to be a major goal. Nowadays, the continuous growth of RES usage within final energy consumption is becoming an obvious part of many country’s development. Adding to that relentless pursuit for improvement of building energy efficiency results in prediction, that in nearest future one should expect the development of advanced city-scale areas constituting an Energy Cluster. The paradigm of Energy Cluster (EC) allows us to define an energy flexibility neighbourhood. This article presents the results of energy analysis of a model neighbourhood of single-family houses with possible usage of RES. The neighbourhood constituting an EC was defined considering the Polish household sector statistical study. The analyzed area consists of representative single-family houses of Poland, characterized by different built periods, building shape and geometry as well as building enclosure parameters. Within the analysis, a detailed examination of a defined EC was performed by means of TEAC – computer tool developed by authors. TEAC is based on the results of energy simulations obtained by means of Energy Plus software and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) usage. Artificial Intelligence (AI) was used for energy demand predictions of buildings. Among possible RES a detailed analysis of solar and wind energy usage was performed. As a result, we obtained an hourly energy demand space- and time distribution, RES outputs, ecological analysis concerning greenhouse gasses emission and profitability analysis of proposed modernizations for the neighbourhood.

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Paris Climate Summit and Turkey's Renewable Energy Policies

Applied Research In Health And Social Sciences: Interface And Interaction ◽

10.1515/arhss-2016-0006 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 54-71

Author(s):

Füsun Çelebi Boz ◽

Turgut Bayramoğlu

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Human Life ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Energy Policies ◽

Negative Effects

Abstract The increase in population and urbanization which emerged together with industrialization have brought the increase in energy demand with them. Carbon emissions rise as a result of the increase in energy demand and lead to climate change. Such changes in climate have negative effects on not only the environment but human life as well. Therefore, countries should implement energy policies with low carbon density in order to reduce greenhouse gas emission. In this context, preferring renewable energy sources can prevent temperature increase by reducing the effects of fossil fuels on the environment. Turkey should attach importance to renewable energy sources and invest in these sources in accordance with the commitments accepted at the Paris Climate Summit in order to reduce carbon emission.

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Optimization of biogas yield from lignocellulosic materials with different pretreatment methods: a review

Biotechnology for Biofuels ◽

10.1186/s13068-021-02012-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kehinde Oladoke Olatunji ◽

Noor A. Ahmed ◽

Oyetola Ogunkunle

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Anaerobic Fermentation ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

High Energy ◽

Population Increase ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Biogas Yield

AbstractPopulation increase and industrialization has resulted in high energy demand and consumptions, and presently, fossil fuels are the major source of staple energy, supplying 80% of the entire consumption. This has contributed immensely to the greenhouse gas emission and leading to global warming, and as a result of this, there is a tremendous urgency to investigate and improve fresh and renewable energy sources worldwide. One of such renewable energy sources is biogas that is generated by anaerobic fermentation that uses different wastes such as agricultural residues, animal manure, and other organic wastes. During anaerobic digestion, hydrolysis of substrates is regarded as the most crucial stage in the process of biogas generation. However, this process is not always efficient because of the domineering stableness of substrates to enzymatic or bacteria assaults, but substrates’ pretreatment before biogas production will enhance biogas production. The principal objective of pretreatments is to ease the accessibility of the enzymes to the lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose which leads to degradation of the substrates. Hence, the use of pretreatment for catalysis of lignocellulose substrates is beneficial for the production of cost-efficient and eco-friendly process. In this review, we discussed different pretreatment technologies of hydrolysis and their restrictions. The review has shown that different pretreatments have varying effects on lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose degradation and biogas yield of different substrate and the choice of pretreatment technique will devolve on the intending final products of the process.

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