The impact of fungicide treatment and Integrated Pest Management on barley yields: Analysis of a long term field trials database

REDCAHOR is the Spanish acronym for “Central American Vegetable Network.” Vegetables have traditionally been an important source of nutrients and vitamins in the diet in Central America. Vegetable production in this region is now changing as local consumers are demanding increased diversity and quality and international markets are expanding with “non-traditional” vegetable exports. The present restraints to expanded research and production of vegetables in the region include i) need for cultivars with increased insect and disease resistance, ii) poor and excessive use of pesticides, and iii) inadequate postharvest technology. In addition, there are few vegetable researchers in the region and response to their activities have not been coordinated. The goal of REDCAHOR is to develop a regional network of national institutions that can prioritize agendas and cooperate to maximize the impact of available resources. Establishment of a system of regional trials and cooperative regional programs in integrated pest management and plant breeding are currently under development. A series of regional workshops are planned, including integrated pest management, maintenance and use of genetic resources, organic production, and greenhouse production. In addition, REDCAHOR, in collaboration with the Escuela Agricola Panamerica in Honduras, will offer regional short-course training in vegetable breeding and genetics as well as vegetable production and management, including integrated pest management.

Download Full-text

Impact of integrated pest management on the population of leafminers, fruit borers, and natural enemies in tomato

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782005000100033 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 204-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Moacyr Mascarenhas Motta Miranda ◽

Marcelo Coutinho Picanço ◽

José Cola Zanuncio ◽

Leandro Bacci ◽

Ézio Marques da Silva

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Spodoptera Eridania ◽

Efficient System ◽

Action Threshold ◽

Fruit Borer ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of integrated pest management (IPM) in the productivity of the tomato and in the populations of leafminers, fruit borers, and natural enemies in tomato crops. The treatments were calendar (spraying twice weekly with insecticides and fungicides), IPM (spraying when action thresholds were achieved), and control (no pesticide was applied). IPM was the most efficient system of pest control due to presenting similar productivity and 65.6% less pesticide applications than in the calendar. The attack of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) to the leaves only achieved the action threshold in the final phase of the cultivation. The main fruit borer was Neoleucinoides elegantalis (Guen.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), followed by T. absoluta and Spodoptera eridania (Cr.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The natural enemy populations were severely reduced by excessive pesticide applications. Predators were more abundant than parasitoids. The most abundant predators were Araneidae, Anthicus sp. (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), Cycloneda sanguinea larva (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Staphylinidae adults (Coleoptera), Orius sp. and Xylocoris sp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), Formicidae (Hymenoptera), and Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera). The most abundant parasitoids were Hymenoptera of the families Eulophidae, Braconidae (Bracon sp. and Chelonus sp.), Trichogrammatidae [Trichogramma pretiosum (Riley)] and Bethylidae (Goniozus nigrifemur Ashmead), besides Tachinidae (Diptera).

Download Full-text

Ethics of Primate Fieldwork: Toward an Ethically Engaged Primatology

Annual Review of Anthropology ◽

10.1146/annurev-anthro-102317-045913 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 493-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Erin P. Riley ◽

Michelle Bezanson

Keyword(s):

Best Practices ◽

Field Research ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Ethical Practice ◽

Theoretical Frameworks ◽

Population Sizes ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact ◽

Term Field

Field primatologists have ethical responsibilities that extend beyond study subjects to the local human communities living near primate populations and their surrounding ecosystems. In this review, we explore the history of ethical discussions within anthropological primatology and examine the best practices for an ethically engaged primatology that should be followed and role-modeled by primatologists. An increasing number of primates are showing reduced population sizes and are in imminent danger of extinction; thus, we need to carefully consider the ethics of intervening to ensure the survival of remaining populations, the impact of anthropogenic factors (e.g., climate change), and whether long-term field research results in conservation outcomes that consider local human communities. Because best practices change over time as theoretical frameworks and methodological tools advance and scientific goals change, field primatologists must continually reflect on what constitutes ethical practice and consider how research influences the overlapping dimensions of fieldwork: primates, people, and ecosystems.

Download Full-text

The Microeconomic Impact of IPM Adoption: Theory and Application

Agricultural and Resource Economics Review ◽

10.1017/s1068280500007814 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 149-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Jorge Fernandez-Cornejo

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Pesticide Use ◽

Profit Function ◽

Fresh Market ◽

General Applicability ◽

Adoption Theory ◽

Insignificant Effect ◽

The Impact

This paper develops a methodology to calculate the impact of integrated pest management (IPM) on pesticide use, yields, and farm profits. The methodology is applied to the IPM adoption among fresh market tomato producers in eight states. The method is of general applicability. It accounts for self-selectivity and simultaneity, and the pesticide demand and yield equations are theoretically consistent with a profit function. The results support the notion that fresh market tomato growers who adopt IPM for insects and diseases apply significantly less insecticides and fungicides, respectively, than do those who do not adopt IPM; IPM adoption has an insignificant effect on yields and a small effect on profits.

Download Full-text

Growing greener: The impact of integrated pest management

EMBO Reports ◽

10.1093/embo-reports/ ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 403-406

Author(s):

V. Brower

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

The Impact

Download Full-text

EXPERIENCES WITH INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN APPLE ORCHARD DURING THE INITIAL PHASE OF A LONG TERM STUDY

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.1996.422.15 ◽

1996 ◽

pp. 102-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. Bubán ◽

F. Inántsy ◽

I. Kajati ◽

M. Molnár ◽

P. Sallai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Initial Phase ◽

Apple Orchard ◽

Term Study ◽

Long Term Study

Download Full-text

Comparison of Conventional and IPM Cropping Systems: A Risk Efficiency Analysis

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics ◽

10.1017/aae.2020.8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 385-397

Author(s):

Ming Su Lavik ◽

Gudbrand Lien ◽

Audun Korsaeth ◽

J. Brian Hardaker

Keyword(s):

Pest Management ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Efficiency Analysis ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Risk Averse ◽

Conventional System ◽

Using Data ◽

Initial Results ◽

Term Field

AbstractTo support decision-makers considering adopting integrated pest management (IPM) cropping in Norway, we used stochastic efficiency analysis to compare the risk efficiency of IPM cropping and conventional cropping, using data from a long-term field experiment in southeastern Norway, along with data on recent prices, costs, and subsidies. Initial results were not definitive, so we applied stochastic efficiency with respect to a function, limiting the assumed risk aversion of farmers to a plausible range. We found that, for farmers who are risk-indifferent to moderately (hardly) risk averse, the conventional system was, compared to IPM, less (equally) preferred.

Download Full-text

Impact Assessment of Biological Control-Based Integrated Pest Management in Rice and Maize in the Greater Mekong Subregion

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects10080226 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 226 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dirk Babendreier ◽

Min Wan ◽

Rui Tang ◽

Rui Gu ◽

Justice Tambo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Control Agent ◽

Target Area ◽

Positive Effects ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact

The impact and sustainability of two interventions that have been formulated to introduce integrated pest management (IPM) into rice and maize crops in Southwestern China, Laos, and Myanmar between 2011 and 2016, and were assessed at the end of 2017. From 22 Trichogramma rearing facilities established during the interventions, 11 were still producing substantial quantities of biocontrol agents 1.5 years after project support had ended, while seven had stopped operations completely, and four were doing stock rearing only. Through the implementation of biological control-based IPM, slightly higher yields were achieved in maize and rice (4–10%), when compared to control farmers, but the difference was not statistically significant. However, the use of pesticides nearly halved when farmers started using Trichogramma egg-cards as a biological control agent. Support from either public or private institutions was found to be important for ensuring the sustainability of Trichogramma rearing facilities. Many of the suggested IPM measures were not adopted by smallholder farmers, indicating that the positive impacts of the interventions mostly resulted from the application of Trichogramma biological control agents. The following assessment suggests that further promotion of IPM adoption among farmers is needed to upscale the already positive effects of interventions that facilitate reductions in synthetic pesticide use, and the effects on sustainable agricultural production of rice and maize in the target area more generally.

Download Full-text