Nonlinear seismic evaluation of confined masonry structures using equivalent truss model

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 113114
Author(s):  
Nikita Rankawat ◽  
Svetlana Brzev ◽  
Sudhir K. Jain ◽  
Juan José Pérez Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Seismic Evaluation ◽  
Confined Masonry ◽  
Truss Model

scholarly journals The use of approximate methods of seismic assessment of structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
Maria Basdeki ◽  
Argyro Drakakaki ◽  
Charis Apostolopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Seismic Evaluation ◽  
Approximate Methods ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Corrosion Factor ◽  
Masonry Tower

Greece is an earthquake prone area, which is also exposed to coastal environment. Most existing buildings present common characteristics, concerning quality of the materials and environmental conditions [1].The vulnerability of these structures is exteriorized under powerful seismic loads. This is because they were designed, according to older regulations, primarily to bear vertical loads and secondarily to bear horizontal loads, an indicative sign of the absence of anti-seismic design. Designing and evaluation of the seismic performance of existing structures is a really complex issue, because structural degradation phenomenon is related to both corrosion damage of steel reinforcement on RC structures and high vulnerability of masonry. Precisely, the inadequate seismic performance of masonry structures, which is recorded under intense earthquakes, is attributed to the characteristics of masonry and to the ageing phenomena of the materials. For the seismic inspection of masonry structures, both EC2 and OASP can be used [3], although there is often a great misunderstanding concerning the range of the maximum permissible interventions, the financial inability and modern perceptions of redesigning [2]. On the other hand, in the case of RC structures, there is no prediction –concerning the corrosion factor- included in the international regulations and standards. In the current study is presented an experimental procedure, concerning a RC column before and after corrosion. An estimation concerning the drop of its mechanical performance has taken place, indicating the importance of the corrosion factor. Additionally, an existing monumental masonry tower building, was subjected to seismic evaluation [4]. Both OASP and EC2 inspection methods were used. The results pointed out that, for medium–intensity earthquakes, both analytical and approximate methods are respectable and reliable.

scholarly journals SEISMIC EVALUATION OF EXISTING BUILDINGS ACCORDING TO DOCUMENT FEMA 310

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Latinović
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Seismic Resistance ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Seismic Evaluation ◽  
Building Type ◽  
Second Tier

In this paper, the principle of application of the FEMA310 document for seismic evaluation of existing buildings is briefly illustrated, for any building type, and examples of evaluation are given for the first and second tier of evaluation process, for two types of masonry structures. The application of this document at tier one and tier two of the evaluation process is a conservative, simplified way of determining seismic resistance, based on many experiential data and including the most important parameters of buildings that can affect seismic resistance. Instructions given by FEMA310 are easy to apply, but are adapted to US standards. Two examples for evaluation of masonry buildings on first and second tier of evaluation are given, for masonry buildings with rigid and flexible diaphragmas.

A Full-Scale Shaking Table Test on Philippine Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHB) Masonry Houses

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Imai ◽  
◽  
Chikahiro Minowa ◽  
Angelito G. Lanuza ◽  
Henremagne C. Penarubia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Shaking Table Test ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Seismic Evaluation ◽  
Hollow Block ◽  
Traditional Manner

Most of the human casualties in past earthquakes were attributed to the collapse of buildings, particularly masonry constructions in developing countries. Most of these buildings are categorized into “Non-Engineered Construction.” In effect, these structure are spontaneously and informally constructed in various countries in a traditional manner without any or with little intervention in their design by qualified architects and engineers. Unfortunately, these types of buildings have been extensively constructed in most of the seismic prone areas in developing countries. Therefore, the safety of “Non-Engineered Construction” has become one of the most urgent issues in recent years. The concrete hollow block (CHB) masonry structures have recently become common residential structures in the Philippines. A full-scale shaking table test on CHBmasonry structures of Philippine ordinary houses was conducted in Japan. This experiment aims to acquiring a better understanding of the behavior of these structures during major earthquakes, and its results will be used to produce simple seismic evaluation methods as awareness tools, and to disseminate information on safer construction of houses in the Philippines.

scholarly journals Seismic Evaluation of Masonry Structures Strengthened with Reinforced Concrete Layers

2012 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahman Ghiassi ◽  
Masoud Soltani ◽  
Abbas Ali Tasnimi
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Seismic Evaluation

scholarly journals Analysis of confined masonry with Strut and Tie models

2020 ◽  
Vol 323 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Łukasz Drobiec ◽  
Wojciech Mazur ◽  
Tomasz Rybarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Confined Masonry ◽  
Good Compliance ◽  
Strut And Tie ◽  
Calculation Results

Strut & Tie (S-T) models are used quite commonly for the analysis of reinforced concrete structures and in the calculation of masonry structures. Creating the S-T model of the confined masonry is slightly different from models of reinforced concrete or models of classic masonry structures. These models should take into account different stiffness of concrete and masonry. This article proposes a Strut & Tie model for the analysis of confined masonry. The results of calculations were compared with the results of tests of full scale masonry walls with and without opening. Good compliance of the calculation results of S-T models with the test results was obtained.

Influence of Masonry Properties on Confinement: A Mechanical Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Piero Lignola ◽  
Andrea Prota ◽  
Gaetano Manfredi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Solid Mechanic ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
General Validity ◽  
Confined Masonry ◽  
Confinement Model

Design provisions for the repair, retrofitting, and rehabilitation of existing masonry structures are not always available and included in International and National Building Codes. Due to the extremely large variability in masonry performances, equations of general validity cannot be provided, namely relationships suitable for confinement of every masonry type, as it is done for concrete. Large amount of results obtained for concrete led to consolidated design guidelines. Despite the great research effort in the experimental field on masonry, considerable theoretical work is still needed to fully outline a definitive analytical model to predict the behavior of FRP confined masonry. In this study, a mechanically based confinement model is proposed based on mechanical parameters able to differentiate similar masonry types and to highlight that they present different confinement performance. The most relevant parameters are the compressive and tensile strength of unconfined masonry and they are discussed in the framework of solid mechanic based models based on triaxial plasticity and calibrated experimentally. The proposed approach can then be extended to other masonry types.

Nonlinear Analysis for Masonry under Monotonic and Low Cyclic Loading

2011 ◽  
Vol 94-96 ◽  
pp. 406-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Huang ◽  
Ming Hui Kan ◽  
Zi Fa Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
Closed Crack ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Confined Masonry ◽  
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Shear Property ◽  
Low Cyclic Loading

Abstract: Confined masonry with tie columns and ring-beams was adopted during the reconstruction in the rural and suburban areas in Sichuan Province after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. Based on the results of the sample tests of building material such as clay brick, cement mortar, steel and concrete in reconstruction and the analysis on the characteristics and features using Solid65 elements in ANSYS, the shear property of joints in masonry structures under different vertical load (σ∕fm) is numerically simulated. Comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones, the proposed values for the shear transfer coefficients for open and closed crack of Solid65 elements for simulating masonry structures are given. The seismic performance of confined masonry walls (strengthened by tie column and ring-beam, etc.) and unconfined masonry walls with different stress condition (σ∕fm) under low cyclic load are discussed. Results show that, under monotonic loading, confined masonry walls have better performance for displacement and load corresponding to the occurrence of the first crack as well as for the ultimate load and ductility, although the energy dissipating ability of unconfined walls under low cyclic loading increases with vertical load (σ∕fm) at low stress level. The results demonstrate that confined walls are greatly enhanced by strengthening measures such as tie column and ring-beams.

Experimental Study on Seismic Failure Modes of Confined Masonry Structures with Different Enhancements

2017 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 594-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Xu ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Cristina Gentilini ◽  
Qi Wang Su ◽  
Shi Chun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Structural Collapse ◽  
Static Loads ◽  
Confined Masonry

In this study, confined masonry specimens with regular arranged openings are tested in order to study the influence of different enhancements of the columns on seismic failure modes. In particular, five brick masonry walls and three half-scale two-storey masonry structures are tested under quasi-static loads. The experimental results show that increasing column ratio improves the seismic behavior of the wall specimens to some extent, but an excessive reinforcement ratio of the columns decreases the ductility. The global failure mode of the two-storey masonry structures is modified by inserting iron wires in the mortar bed joints, improving the structural collapse resistant capacity effectively.

scholarly journals An Equivalent Truss Model for In-Plane Nonlinear Analysis of Unreinforced Masonry Walls

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadamir Najafgholipour
Keyword(s):  
Shear Failure ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Seismic Evaluation ◽  
Plane Failure ◽  
Seismic Performance Evaluation ◽  
Truss Model ◽  
Performance Based Seismic Design

According to the importance of seismic evaluation of existing unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings, researchers have been interested in numerical modelling of these types of structures and their components. On the other hand, in seismic performance evaluation and retrofitting codes which are mostly based on Performance Based Seismic Design (PBSD), different analysis methods such as linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic analyses are employed. Therefore, simple equivalent frame models with lower computational cost are very useful for modelling and analysis of unreinforced masonry buildings. In this article, a simple equivalent truss model is proposed for modelling and analysis of an unreinforced masonry wall with sliding shear failure as the governing in-plane failure mode. The model is developed according to an analogy between the internal forces in a triangular truss and the Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria. Then, the proposed model is generalized for modelling and push over analysis of combinations of walls. Finally, the modelling procedure is applied for push over analysis of an unreinforced masonry wall consists of some piers and the push over curve of the wall is determined and discussed.

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