Experimental Study on Seismic Failure Modes of Confined Masonry Structures with Different Enhancements

In this study, confined masonry specimens with regular arranged openings are tested in order to study the influence of different enhancements of the columns on seismic failure modes. In particular, five brick masonry walls and three half-scale two-storey masonry structures are tested under quasi-static loads. The experimental results show that increasing column ratio improves the seismic behavior of the wall specimens to some extent, but an excessive reinforcement ratio of the columns decreases the ductility. The global failure mode of the two-storey masonry structures is modified by inserting iron wires in the mortar bed joints, improving the structural collapse resistant capacity effectively.

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Out-Of-Plane Behavior of Confined Masonry Walls Subjected to Concentrated Loads (One-Way Bending)

Earthquake Spectra ◽

10.1193/061715eqs097m ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 2317-2335 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dante Navarrete-Macias ◽

Jorge Varela-Rivera ◽

Luis Fernandez-Baqueiro

Keyword(s):

Aspect Ratio ◽

Seismic Behavior ◽

Axial Stress ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Masonry Walls ◽

Cyclic Loads ◽

Wall Panel ◽

Confined Masonry ◽

Plastic Analysis ◽

Out Of Plane

This paper presents the results of a study on the out-of-plane seismic behavior of confined masonry walls. Five confined walls were tested under reverse cyclic loads. The variables studied were the axial stress and the wall aspect ratio. Analytical out-of-plane strength of walls was calculated considering the strengths of the wall panel and the concrete confining elements. The former was determined using the unidirectional strut method and the latter using a plastic analysis. It was observed that for walls with the same aspect ratio, as the axial stress increases, the out-of-plane strength increases. For walls with the same axial stress, as the aspect ratio increases, the strength decreases. Based on comparisons between analytical and experimental results, it was concluded that the models developed in this work predict accurately the out-of-plane strength of the walls.

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An Experimental Study on the Lateral Impact of Fully Clamped Mild Steel Pipes

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part E Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_207_02 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 206 (2) ◽

pp. 111-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

N Jones ◽

S E Birch ◽

R S Birch ◽

L Zhu ◽

M Brown

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Experimental Study ◽

Mild Steel ◽

Failure Modes ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Lateral Impact ◽

Drop Hammer ◽

Steel Pipes ◽

Scale Range ◽

The Impact

This report presents some experimental data that were recorded from 130 impact tests on mild steel pipes in two drop hammer rigs. The pipes were fully clamped across a span which was ten times the corresponding outside pipe diameters which lie between 22 and 324 mm. All of the pipes except five had wall thicknesses of 2 mm approximately and were impacted laterally by a rigid wedge indenter at the mid span, one-quarter span or near to a support. The impact velocities ranged up to 14 m/s and caused various failure modes. Some comparisons between two sets of experimental results indicate that the laws of geometrically similar scaling are almost satisfied over a scale range of approximately five.

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED FULLY GROUTED CONCRETE MASONRY WALLS : Effects of lateral force, vertical axial load and presence of masonry units

Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) ◽

10.3130/aijs.65.179_3 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 65 (538) ◽

pp. 179-186

Author(s):

Kenji KIKUCHI ◽

Koji YOSHIMURA ◽

Akihiro TANAKA

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Axial Load ◽

Seismic Behavior ◽

Lateral Force ◽

Masonry Walls ◽

Concrete Masonry ◽

Concrete Masonry Walls ◽

Masonry Units

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Behavior of wood beam connection using staples subjected to in-plane moment

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201925805008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 258 ◽

pp. 05008

Author(s):

Farida Lenggani ◽

Bambang Suryoatmono

Keyword(s):

Failure Mode ◽

Failure Modes ◽

Solid Wood ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Elastic Analysis ◽

Connection Strength ◽

Test Results ◽

Lateral Resistance ◽

Wood Beams ◽

Mechanical Fasteners

It is very frequent that solid wood beams need to be connected one to another to obtain a longer beam. In this study, the behavior of solid wood beams connections using plywood sheets as connecting elements and staples as mechanical fasteners were studied experimentally. The experimental results were compared with elastic analyses. Both beam and plywood were made of meranti (shorea). The staple type was MAX 1022J. This study was conducted on two specimens. The first specimen had two rows of staples on the front and back sides of the specimen. Each row consisted of ten staples making a total of 40 staples. The second one had three rows of staples on the front and back sides of the specimen. Each row consisted of ten staples making a total of 60 staples. From the tests, it can be concluded that each material in the connection, namely wood beam, plywood, and staples, failed. Failure mode of the wood beam was in the form of crack and tear. Failure mode of the plywood was the damage of the plywood directly contacted with the crown of the staples. Failure modes of the staples were flexural yielding. The differences between connection strength obtained from tests and elastic analyses were 8.18% for the first specimen and 0.65% for the second specimen, with the test results were higher than the elastic analyses results. It can be concluded that elastic analysis is quite accurate and conservative to estimate the strength of this type of connection, provided that the lateral resistance of connection with a staple is known.

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Out-of-plane behavior of confined masonry walls with aspect ratios greater than one

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering ◽

10.1139/cjce-2019-0453 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 89-97

Author(s):

Jorge Varela-Rivera ◽

Joel Moreno-Herrera ◽

Luis Fernandez-Baqueiro ◽

Juan Cacep-Rodriguez ◽

Cesar Freyre-Pinto

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Aspect Ratio ◽

Compressive Stress ◽

Masonry Walls ◽

Confined Masonry ◽

Aspect Ratios ◽

Out Of Plane ◽

Axial Compressive Stress ◽

Compressive Strut ◽

Failure Line

An experimental study on the out-of-plane behavior of confined masonry walls is presented. Four confined walls with aspect ratios greater than one were tested in the laboratory. Walls were subjected to combined axial and out-of-plane uniform loads. The variables studied were the aspect ratio and the axial compressive stress of walls. It was observed that the out-of-plane strength of walls increased as the aspect ratio or the axial compressive stress increased. Failure of walls was associated with crushing of masonry. Analytical out-of-plane strength of walls was determined using the yielding line, failure line, modified yielding line, compressive strut and bidirectional strut methods. It was concluded that the experimental out-of-plane strength of walls was best predicted with the bidirectional strut method.

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Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of Strengthening Joints in Light Steel Adding Storey

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.1480 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 671-674 ◽

pp. 1480-1483

Author(s):

Rong Guo ◽

Shao Wei Zhao ◽

Kun Liu

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Seismic Behavior ◽

Failure Modes ◽

Stiffness Degradation ◽

Test Results ◽

Static Tests ◽

Concrete Frame ◽

Different Types ◽

Strengthening Method

In order to acquire the seismic performance of three different types of nodes between the concrete frame and the light steel adding storey, the pseudo-static tests were carried out to analyse contrastively these specimens’ failure modes, stiffness degradation, hysteretic curves and energy dissipation. The test results showed that : Three nodes’ destruction were due to the plastic hinges emerging at the end of beam; both encased steel and carbon fiber strengthening method can improve the seismic behavior, and in terms of the ultimate bearing capacity, energy consumption ability，the encased steel strengthening one can improved more significantly, and the encased steel one can effectively slow down the speed of stiffness degradation.

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Experimental Study and High-Efficiency Simulation of In-Plane Behavior of Composite Frame Slab

10.21203/rs.3.rs-747533/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wen-Hao Pan ◽

Mu-Xuan Tao ◽

Chuan-Hao Zhao ◽

Ran Ding ◽

Li-Yan Xu

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Failure Mode ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Element Model ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Loading Test ◽

Composite Frame ◽

Out Of Plane ◽

Load Displacement

Abstract Experimental and numerical studies were conducted to investigate the in-plane behavior of the steel–concrete composite frame slab under cyclic loads. In the experimental study, an in-plane loading test of a typical composite frame slab was designed by constraining its out-of-plane deformations. The test observations, the load–displacement relationship, and the shear and flexural deformation components were discussed to investigate the in-plane load resistant behavior and the failure mechanism of the slab. The experimental results demonstrated an evident shear cracking concentration behavior and a pinching hysteretic curve associated with a typical shear-tension failure mode of the composite frame slab. In the numerical study, a high-efficiency modeling scheme based on the multiple vertical line element model (MVLEM) and the fiber beam–column element was developed for the test specimen. Comparisons with the experimental results showed that the developed model predicted the overall load–displacement relationship, the relationships associated with the shear and flexural deformation components, and the failure mode with a reasonable level of accuracy.

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Experimental Study of the Mechanical Characteristics of a Rock-Like Material Containing a Preexisting Fissure under Loading and Unloading Triaxial Compression

Advances in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1155/2020/9374352 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Taoli Xiao ◽

Mei Huang ◽

Min Gao

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Failure Mode ◽

Mechanical Characteristics ◽

Failure Modes ◽

Shear Failure ◽

Triaxial Compression ◽

Tensile Failure ◽

Underground Engineering ◽

Inclination Angles ◽

Loading And Unloading

An experimental study of a rock-like material containing a preexisting fissure subjected to loading and unloading triaxial compression is carried out, and the results show that the mechanical characteristics of the rock-like specimen depend heavily on the loading paths and the inclination of the fissure. The triaxial loading experiment results show that the failure strength linearly increases, while the residual strength linearly decreases with increasing inclination. Furthermore, specimens subjected to triaxial compression show an “X”-type shear failure mode. The triaxial unloading compression experimental results show that specimens with different inclination angles have various failure modes. Specimens with gentle inclinations show a tensile-shear mix failure mode, specimens with middle inclinations show a shear-sliding failure mode, and specimens with steep inclinations show a tensile failure mode. These findings can be used to forecast excavation-induced instabilities in deep underground engineering rock structures.

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