scholarly journals SEISMIC EVALUATION OF EXISTING BUILDINGS ACCORDING TO DOCUMENT FEMA 310

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Latinović
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Seismic Resistance ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Seismic Evaluation ◽  
Building Type ◽  
Second Tier

In this paper, the principle of application of the FEMA310 document for seismic evaluation of existing buildings is briefly illustrated, for any building type, and examples of evaluation are given for the first and second tier of evaluation process, for two types of masonry structures. The application of this document at tier one and tier two of the evaluation process is a conservative, simplified way of determining seismic resistance, based on many experiential data and including the most important parameters of buildings that can affect seismic resistance. Instructions given by FEMA310 are easy to apply, but are adapted to US standards. Two examples for evaluation of masonry buildings on first and second tier of evaluation are given, for masonry buildings with rigid and flexible diaphragmas.

Performance of masonry structures during the 1994 Northridge (Los Angeles) earthquake

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Bruneau
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Northridge Earthquake ◽  
Seismic Evaluation ◽  
Masonry Construction ◽  
Reinforced Masonry ◽  
The Impact

The surface magnitude 6.8 Northridge earthquake which struck the Los Angeles area on January 17, 1994, damaged a large number of engineered buildings, of nearly all construction types. As earthquakes of at least similar strength are expected to occur in most of eastern and western Canada, the study of the effects of this earthquake is of particular significance to Canada. This paper, as part of a concerted multi-paper reporting effort, concentrates on the damage suffered by masonry buildings during this earthquake, and explains why the various types of observed failures occurred. The seismic performance of all masonry construction similar to that commonly found in Canada is reviewed, but a particular emphasis is placed on providing an overview of damage to unreinforced masonry structures which had been rehabilitated before this earthquake. To provide a better appreciation of the impact of this earthquake on masonry buildings, and a better assessment of the engineering significance of their damage in a Canadian perspective, this paper first reviews the evolution of building code requirements for unreinforced masonry buildings up to the seismic retrofit ordinances enacted prior to this earthquake. Examples of various damage types, as observed by the author during his reconnaissance visit to the stricken area, are then presented, along with technically substantiated descriptions of the causes for this damage, and cross-references to relevant clauses from Canadian standards and codes, as well as the recently published Canadian Guidelines for the Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings, whenever appropriate. Key words: earthquake, unreinforced masonry, seismic rehabilitation, retrofit, retrofitted masonry building, reinforced masonry, buildings, failure, collapse, heritage buildings.

scholarly journals Structural renovation of residential building in Zagreb after the 22 March 2020 earthquake

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (06) ◽  
pp. 633-648
Author(s):  
Stjepan Lakusic
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Pushover Analysis ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Structural Condition ◽  
Static Method ◽  
Seismic Resistance ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Assessment Report ◽  
Nonlinear Static ◽  
Structural Condition Assessment

The phases that must be completed so that a building damaged in earthquake that struck Zagreb on 22 March 2020 can be renovated and strengthened to the required level of seismic resistance are presented in the paper. All phases are therefore presented, starting from the rapid and then detailed inspection, and continuing with preparation of the structural condition assessment report, preparation of renovation design and, finally, ending with realisation of work with expert supervision. A special attention is paid to structural analysis that is conducted using a nonlinear static method based on displacements, the so called pushover analysis, which is considered to be one of the most appropriate methods for seismic analysis of existing masonry structures. All procedures conducted in the scope of this renovation were realised in accordance with legislation that entered into force after the earthquake.

Mechanical Properties of Fired-Clay Brick Masonry Models in Moist and Dry Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Gentilini ◽  
Elisa Franzoni ◽  
Gabriela Graziani ◽  
Simone Bandini
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Shear Behaviour ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Rising Damp

Rising damp is one of the main issues affecting masonry buildings. However, its consequences on the mechanical performance of masonry structures are not so largely explored. In this paper, the compressive and shear behaviour of masonry triplets, manufactured with solid fired-clay bricks and cement-based mortar, is investigated in dry and moist conditions. The results are interpreted on the basis of the features of the single materials, from both a mechanical and microstructural point of view.

scholarly journals The use of approximate methods of seismic assessment of structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
Maria Basdeki ◽  
Argyro Drakakaki ◽  
Charis Apostolopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Seismic Evaluation ◽  
Approximate Methods ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Corrosion Factor ◽  
Masonry Tower

Greece is an earthquake prone area, which is also exposed to coastal environment. Most existing buildings present common characteristics, concerning quality of the materials and environmental conditions [1].The vulnerability of these structures is exteriorized under powerful seismic loads. This is because they were designed, according to older regulations, primarily to bear vertical loads and secondarily to bear horizontal loads, an indicative sign of the absence of anti-seismic design. Designing and evaluation of the seismic performance of existing structures is a really complex issue, because structural degradation phenomenon is related to both corrosion damage of steel reinforcement on RC structures and high vulnerability of masonry. Precisely, the inadequate seismic performance of masonry structures, which is recorded under intense earthquakes, is attributed to the characteristics of masonry and to the ageing phenomena of the materials. For the seismic inspection of masonry structures, both EC2 and OASP can be used [3], although there is often a great misunderstanding concerning the range of the maximum permissible interventions, the financial inability and modern perceptions of redesigning [2]. On the other hand, in the case of RC structures, there is no prediction –concerning the corrosion factor- included in the international regulations and standards. In the current study is presented an experimental procedure, concerning a RC column before and after corrosion. An estimation concerning the drop of its mechanical performance has taken place, indicating the importance of the corrosion factor. Additionally, an existing monumental masonry tower building, was subjected to seismic evaluation [4]. Both OASP and EC2 inspection methods were used. The results pointed out that, for medium–intensity earthquakes, both analytical and approximate methods are respectable and reliable.

Testing of Masonry Structures for Seismic Assessment

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Michele Calvi ◽  
Gregory R. Kingsley ◽  
Guido Magenes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Seismic Assessment ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Seismic Loadings ◽  
Energy Dissipation Capacity ◽  
Reduced Scale

The experimental evaluation of strength, deformability, and energy dissipation capacity of unreinforced masonry buildings subjected to seismic loadings presents unique and complex problems, both for laboratory and field evaluations. The paper addresses these problems, focusing on the relative merits and roles of several experimental techniques, including quasistatic, dynamic, and pseudodynamic loadings at full and reduced scale.

scholarly journals Seismic vulnerability of traditional masonry building a case study of Byasi, Bhaktapur

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Shyam Sundar Basukala ◽  
Prem Nath Maskey
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Time History ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Rapid Visual Screening ◽  
Visual Screening

Historic buildings of Nepal are mainly constructed from masonry structure. Since masonry structures are weak in tension which leads to the failure of structure. So, to avoid possible damage in environment lives and property it is urgent to conduct vulnerability assessments. Seismic vulnerability of historic masonry buildings constructed in Bhaktapur at Byasi area is carried out for the case study. Five load bearing masonry buildings were selected out of 147 buildings considering opening percentage, storey and type of floor for modeling in SAP 2000 V10 Various methods of rapid visual screening (FEMA 154, EMS 98) are used to determine the vulnerability of the selected building. The Selected Building response is carried out by linear time history analysis. The seismic vulnerability of masonry structures is determined in terms of fragility curves which represent the probability of failure or damage due to various levels of strong ground motions for different damage state slight, moderate, extensive and collapse. From the result of Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) and Fragility curves of the buildings it is found that whole, buildings are found vulnerable from future earthquake.

scholarly journals Methods for the Assessment of Critical Properties in Existing Masonry Structures under Seismic Loads—The ARES Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mislav Stepinac ◽  
Tomislav Kisicek ◽  
Tvrtko Renić ◽  
Ivan Hafner ◽  
Chiara Bedon
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Reliable Design ◽  
Basic Features

Masonry structures are notoriously vulnerable to horizontal actions caused by earthquakes. Given the high seismicity of the European region, and that the European building stock comprises a lot of masonry buildings, knowledge about their structural response to seismic excitation is particularly important, but at the same time difficult to determine, due to the heterogenous nature of materials and/or constructional techniques in use. An additional issue is represented by the current methods for mechanical properties assessment, that do not provide a reliable framework for accurate structural estimations of existing buildings characterized by different typological properties. Every structure, in other words, should be separately inspected in regard to its mechanical behaviour, based on dedicated approaches able to capture potential critical issues. In this review paper, an insight on the Croatian ARES project is presented (Assessment and Rehabilitation of Existing Structures), including a state-of-the-art of the actual building stock and giving evidence of major difficulties concerning the assessment of existing structures. The most commonly used techniques and tools are compared, with a focus on their basic features and field of application. A brief overview of prevailing structural behaviours and Finite Element numerical modelling issues are also mentioned. As shown, the general tendency is to ensure “sustainable” and energy-efficient building systems. The latter, however, seem in disagreement with basic principles of structural maintenance and renovation. The aim of the ongoing ARES project, in this context, is to improve the current knowledge regarding the assessment and strengthening of structures, with a focus on a more reliable design and maintenance process for existing masonry buildings.

scholarly journals Seismic vulnerability of vernacular Newari buildings in Nepal: observations and analysis of damage due to 1934, 1988, 2011, and 2015 earthquakes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipendra Gautam ◽  
Hugo Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Fragility Functions ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Collapse Prevention ◽  
Damage Probability Matrices ◽  
Damage Probability ◽  
Probability Matrices

Abstract. This paper reports the seismic vulnerability of vernacular Newari buildings based on the damage observations during four major earthquakes (1934, 1988, 2011 and 2015) that struck Bhaktapur city. Some specific features that contributed to collapse prevention in traditional masonry buildings are also highlighted in this paper. In this paper, we have outlined the insights of each earthquake using forensic interpretations and the recommendations by various researchers after 1934 and 1988 earthquakes are compared in terms of their implementation. With the help of damage database recorded during 1934, 1988 and 2015 earthquakes, we have created damage probability matrices and empirical fragility functions for traditional masonry structures. The fragility functions and damage probability matrices derived in this study highlight that most of the vernacular Newari buildings are likely to be collapsed in the case of strong to major earthquakes.

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