Control of the bridge span vibration with high coefficient passive damper. Theoretical consideration and application

This article explores the hypothesis that the concept of heritage is relevant for a university-based degree course in legal translators and interpreters’ training. The research rests on the legal and academic understanding of cultural heritage. The study explores its specifics regarding the English-taught discipline on Legal Translation and Interpreting Studies within the above-mentioned graduate program. The research integrates qualitative tools and statistical instruments, starts with the theoretical consideration of legislative and academic sources, proceeds to the empirical studies of heritage samples, and considers their relevance for the heritage module design within the specified discipline. The experimental design of such a module and its use for the training of students are also part of the present investigation that further explores students’ perceptions of the heritage module under study, with reference to their future career tracks. The study reveals the specifics and components of the heritage framework for the discipline under study and identifies those areas of professional activities for which students consider the heritage module as most useful and relevant. These issues have not been a subject for academic research so far, which contributes to the research relevance and novelty.

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Ground Reaction Forces of Dressage Horses Performing the Piaffe

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11020436 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 436 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hilary Mary Clayton ◽

Sarah Jane Hobbs

Keyword(s):

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Individual Variability ◽

The Other ◽

Ground Reaction Forces ◽

High Coefficient ◽

Reaction Forces

The piaffe is an artificial, diagonally coordinated movement performed in the highest levels of dressage competition. The ground reaction forces (GRFs) of horses performing the piaffe do not appear to have been reported. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe three-dimensional GRFs in ridden dressage horses performing the piaffe. In-ground force plates were used to capture fore and hindlimb GRF data from seven well-trained dressage horses. Peak vertical GRF was significantly higher in forelimbs than in the hindlimbs (7.39 ± 0.99 N/kg vs. 6.41 ± 0.64 N/kg; p < 0.001) with vertical impulse showing a trend toward higher forelimb values. Peak longitudinal forces were small with no difference in the magnitude of braking or propulsive forces between fore and hindlimbs. Peak transverse forces were similar in magnitude to longitudinal forces and were mostly directed medially in the hindlimbs. Both the intra- and inter-individual variability of longitudinal and transverse GRFs were high (coefficient of variation 25–68%). Compared with the other diagonal gaits of dressage horses, the vertical GRF somewhat shifted toward the hindlimbs. The high step-to-step variability of the horizontal GRF components is thought to reflect the challenge of balancing on one diagonal pair of limbs with no forward momentum.

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Is mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production proportional to oxygen consumption? A theoretical consideration

BioEssays ◽

10.1002/bies.202000165 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 2000165

Author(s):

Chen Hou ◽

Neil B. Metcalfe ◽

Karine Salin

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Theoretical Consideration ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species Production ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Species Production

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A smart passive MR damper with a hybrid powering system for impact mitigation: An experimental study

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures ◽

10.1177/1045389x20988085 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1045389X2098808

Author(s):

S. Jin ◽

L. Deng ◽

J. Yang ◽

S. Sun ◽

D. Ning ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Impact Velocity ◽

Mr Damper ◽

Damping Force ◽

Softening Effect ◽

Impact Speed ◽

Impact Mitigation ◽

Passive Damper ◽

Comparison Results ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Impact

This paper presents a smart passive MR damper with fast-responsive characteristics for impact mitigation. The hybrid powering system of the MR damper, composed of batteries and self-powering component, enables the damping of the MR damper to be negatively proportional to the impact velocity, which is called rate-dependent softening effect. This effect can keep the damping force as the maximum allowable constant force under different impact speed and thus improve the efficiency of the shock energy mitigation. The structure, prototype and working principle of the new MR damper are presented firstly. Then a vibration platform was used to characterize the dynamic property and the self-powering capability of the new MR damper. The impact mitigation performance of the new MR damper was evaluated using a drop hammer and compared with a passive damper. The comparison results demonstrate that the damping force generated by the new MR damper can be constant over a large range of impact velocity while the passive damper cannot. The special characteristics of the new MR damper can improve its energy dissipation efficiency over a wide range of impact speed and keep occupants and mechanical structures safe.

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Structural Control Considering Time Delay Effect

Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1139/tcsme-1985-0029 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 224-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Mohamed Abdel-Rohman

Keyword(s):

Time Delay ◽

Active Control ◽

Theoretical Consideration ◽

Structural Control ◽

Control Mechanism ◽

Structural Response ◽

Delay Effect ◽

Numerical Example ◽

Control Forces ◽

Time Delay Effect

The time delay between measuring the structural response, and applying the designed active control forces may affect the controlled response of the structure if not taken into consideration. In this paper it is shown how to design the control forces to compensate for the delay effect. It is also shown that the time delay effect can be used as a criterion to judge the effectiveness of the proposed control mechanism. As an illustration of the theoretical consideration, a numerical example in which a tall building is controlled by means of active tendons is presented.

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