Modelling the impact of urban form on household energy demand and related CO2 emissions in the Greater Dublin Region

Urban planners are often challenged with the task of developing design solutions which must meet multiple, and often contradictory, criteria. In this paper, we investigated the trade-offs between social, psychological, and energy potential of the fundamental elements of urban form: the street network and the building massing. Since formal methods to evaluate urban form from the psychological and social point of view are not readily available, we developed a methodological framework to quantify these criteria as the first contribution in this paper. To evaluate the psychological potential, we conducted a three-tiered empirical study starting from real world environments and then abstracting them to virtual environments. In each context, the implicit (physiological) response and explicit (subjective) response of pedestrians were measured. To quantify the social potential, we developed a street network centrality-based measure of social accessibility. For the energy potential, we created an energy model to analyze the impact of pure geometric form on the energy demand of the building stock. The second contribution of this work is a method to identify distinct clusters of urban form and, for each, explore the trade-offs between the select design criteria. We applied this method to two case studies identifying nine types of urban form and their respective potential trade-offs, which are directly applicable for the assessment of strategic decisions regarding urban form during the early planning stages.

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The Heterogeneity Research of the Impact of EPU on Environmental Pollution: Empirical Evidence Based on 15 Countries

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084166 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4166

Author(s):

Ying Chen ◽

Xiaoqian Shen ◽

Li Wang

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Economic Policy ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Emerging Market ◽

Policy Uncertainty ◽

Economic Policy Uncertainty ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Impact

While economic growth has been the main goal of countries around the world, environmental problems such as air pollution have also arisen. Since the increase in economic uncertainty is limiting production capacity and consumers’ marginal propensity to consume, which reduces CO2 emissions, economic policy uncertainty has become one of the most important factors affecting CO2 emissions. COVID-19 has demonstrated that economic policy uncertainty reduces the enthusiasm of market participants, which, in turn, reduces energy demand and CO2 emissions. In order to further study the impact of economic policy uncertainty on air pollution, this study uses a panel model to empirically test the data for a sample of 15 countries covering the period from 1997 to 2019. According to the empirical results, we find that the economic policy uncertainty has a significant negative impact on per capita CO2 emissions. That is, the higher the uncertainty of economic policy, the lower the per capita CO2 emissions of countries. What’s more, this negative effect is larger in emerging market countries than in advanced countries.

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Impact of Shape Factor on Energy Demand, CO2 Emissions and Energy Cost of Residential Buildings in Cold Oceanic Climates: Case Study of South Chile

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13179491 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 9491

Author(s):

Manuel Carpio ◽

David Carrasco

Keyword(s):

Co2 Emissions ◽

Shape Factor ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Architectural Design ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Thermal Transmittance ◽

Energy Demands ◽

Oceanic Climate ◽

The Impact

The increase in energy consumption that occurs in the residential sector implies a higher consumption of natural resources and, therefore, an increase in pollution and a degradation of the ecosystem. An optimal use of materials in the thermal envelope, together with efficient measures in the passive architectural design process, translate into lower energy demands in residential buildings. The objective of this study is to analyse and compare, through simulating different models, the impact of the shape factor on energy demand and CO2 emissions depending on the type of construction solution used in the envelope in a cold oceanic climate in South Chile. Five models with different geometries were considered based on their relationship between exposed surface and volume. Additionally, three construction solutions were chosen so that their thermal transmittance gradually complied with the values required by thermal regulations according to the climatic zone considered. Other parameters were equally established for all simulations so that their comparison was objective. Ninety case studies were obtained. Research has shown that an appropriate design, considering a shape factor suitable below 0.767 for the type of cold oceanic climate, implies a decrease in energy demand, which increased when considering architectural designs in the envelope with high values of thermal resistance.

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06/00982 Energy demand and energy-related CO2 emissions in Greek manufacturing: assessing the impact of a carbon tax

Fuel and Energy Abstracts ◽

10.1016/s0140-6701(06)80984-7 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 142

Keyword(s):

Co2 Emissions ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Carbon Tax ◽

The Impact

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An Overview of Household Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Iran

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8080994 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 994

Author(s):

Omeid Rahmani ◽

Shahabaldin Rezania ◽

Amin Beiranvand Pour ◽

Shahram M. Aminpour ◽

Mohammad Soltani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽

Household Energy ◽

Household Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Efficiency Improvement

This review tends to obtain a deeper understanding of the methods used in household energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Iran. Issues relating to energy consumption and CO2 emissions are very complex. This complexity arises from the fact that energy demand and energy consumption in Iran are influenced by many factors, such as income, household size, age, and gender. In Iran, the relevant energy sources mostly include liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and electricity, which are used for different sectors, such as transportation, industry, and residential. This overview looks at both the theories and empirical studies of household energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Iran. Since energy consumption typically results in air pollution, it is often used as an indicator of environmental degradation. Although Iran is recently faced to energy efficiency improvement from all sectors, household energy requirements have been significantly increased. In Iran, a prime motivator had been improving living standards. As Iran gradually turns into a consumer society, households have an enormous influence on the direct use of energy and related CO2 emissions as well as through indirect use, as embodied in goods and services. The findings of this study can help policymakers to focus on renewable energy projects in order to reduce energy consumption and mitigate CO2 emissions.

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ANALISIS DETERMINAN KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN PERIODE 1999-2013

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis ◽

10.24123/jeb.v21i1.1632 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 9-20

Author(s):

Ersalina Tang

Keyword(s):

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Meat Consumption ◽

Domestic Product ◽

World Data ◽

The World ◽

The Impact

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, Energy Consumption, Electric Consumption, and Meat Consumption on CO2 emissions of 41 countries in the world using panel data from 1999 to 2013. After analyzing 41 countries in the world data, furthermore 17 countries in Asia was analyzed with the same period. This study utilized quantitative approach with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression method. The results of 41 countries in the world data indicates that Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, Energy Consumption, and Meat Consumption significantlyaffect Environmental Qualities which measured by CO2 emissions. Whilst the results of 17 countries in Asia data implies that Foreign Direct Investment, Energy Consumption, and Electric Consumption significantlyaffect Environmental Qualities. However, Gross Domestic Product and Meat Consumption does not affect Environmental Qualities.

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