The influence of ore grade decline on energy consumption and GhG emissions: The case of gold

The primary energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from nickel smelting products have been assessed through case studies using a process model based on mass and energy balance. The required primary energy for producing nickel metal, nickel oxide, ferronickel, and nickel pig iron is 174 GJ/t alloy (174 GJ/t contained Ni), 369 GJ/t alloy (485 GJ/t contained Ni), 110 GJ/t alloy (309 GJ/t contained Ni), and 60 GJ/t alloy (598 GJ/t contained Ni), respectively. Furthermore, the associated GHG emissions are 14 tCO2-eq/t alloy (14 tCO2-eq/t contained Ni), 30 t CO2-eq/t alloy (40 t CO2-eq/t contained Ni), 6 t CO2-eq/t alloy (18 t CO2-eq/t contained Ni), and 7 t CO2-eq/t alloy (69 t CO2-eq/t contained Ni). A possible carbon emission reduction can be observed by comparing ore type, ore grade, and electricity source, as well as allocation strategy. The suggested process model overcomes the limitation of a conventional life cycle assessment study which considers the process as a ‘black box’ and allows for an identification of further possibilities to implement sustainable nickel production.

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Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions During Ferromolybdenum Production

Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy ◽

10.1007/s40831-019-00260-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 103-112

Author(s):

Wenjing Wei ◽

Peter B. Samuelsson ◽

Anders Tilliander ◽

Rutger Gyllenram ◽

Pär G. Jönsson

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Total Energy ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Copper Mining ◽

Ghg Emission ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Production Stages ◽

Ore Grade

AbstractMolybdenum is mainly used as an alloy material in the iron and steel industry and typically in the form of ferromolybdenum (FeMo). The current study aims to evaluate the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) of four ferromolybdenum production cases using inventory inputs from a process model based on mass and energy conservations. The total energy required for producing 1 tonne of FeMo can vary between 29.1 GJ/t FeMo and 188.6 GJ/t FeMo. Furthermore, the corresponding GHG emissions differ from 3.16 tCO2-eq/t FeMo to 14.79 tCO2-eq/t FeMo. The main variances are from the mining and beneficiation stages. The differences in these stages come from the beneficiation degree (ore grade) and the mine type (i.e., co-product from copper mining). Furthermore, the mine type has a larger impact on the total energy consumption and GHG emissions than the beneficiation degree. More specifically, FeMo produced as co-product from copper mining has a lower environmental impact measured as the energy consumption and GHG emission among all the four cases. The inventory, consumed energy or associated GHG emission is independent on the initial ore grade and mine type in the downstream production stages such as roasting and smelting. Also, transport has the least impact on the energy consumption and GHG emission among all production stages.

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Circadian Amplification of Energy Consumption, its Associated Costs, and GHG Emissions in Aeration Processes

Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation ◽

10.2175/193864716819715653 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 (5) ◽

pp. 5174-5187

Author(s):

Nasir Emami ◽

Reza Sobhani ◽

Diego Rosso

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Ghg Emissions

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Comparison of energy consumption and GHG emissions of open field and greenhouse strawberry production

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews ◽

10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.098 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 316-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Benyamin Khoshnevisan ◽

Hanifreza Motamed Shariati ◽

Shahin Rafiee ◽

Hossein Mousazadeh

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Open Field ◽

Ghg Emissions

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Technowomen: Women’s Autonomy and Its Impact on Environmental Quality

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13041611 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1611

Author(s):

Saima Mujeed ◽

Shuangyan Li ◽

Musarrat Jabeen ◽

Abdelmohsen A. Nassani ◽

Sameh E. Askar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Environmental Quality ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Renewable Energy Consumption ◽

Women’S Autonomy ◽

Women's Autonomy ◽

Role Of Women

The role of women in economic development and the global environment is vital for progressing them towards the United Nations sustainable development goal (SDG-5) that emphasized the need to empower women in every walk of life. The study examines women’s autonomy in the sustainable development agenda under China’s open innovation system from 1975 to 2019. The study employed an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, vector autoregressive (VAR) Granger causality, and innovation accounting matrix to estimate parameters. The existing data are summarized and collated in the context of China to explain as a correlational study. The results show that women’s autonomy moderated with technology spills over to decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and substantiate the hump-shaped relationship between them. The increased spending on research and development (R&D) activities, patent publications, and renewable energy consumption empowers women to be equipped with the latest sustainable technologies to improve environmental quality. The pollution haven hypothesis verifies a given country, where trade liberalization policies tend to increase polluting industries to set up their plants that engaged in dirty production that exacerbate GHG emissions. The causality estimates confirmed that technological innovations and renewable energy consumption leads to women’s autonomy. In contrast, females’ share in the labor force participation rate leads to an increase in renewable energy consumption. Thus, it is evident that there is a positive role of women in the country’s sustainable development.

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The Relationship between Economic Growth and Pollution in Some New European Union Member States: A Dynamic Panel ARDL Approach

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14092363 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2363

Author(s):

Mihaela Simionescu ◽

Carmen Beatrice Păuna ◽

Mihaela-Daniela Vornicescu Niculescu

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Renewable Energy Consumption ◽

Panel Ardl ◽

Domestic Credit ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Considering the necessity of achieving economic development by keeping the quality of the environment, the aim of this paper is to study the impact of economic growth on GHG emissions in a sample of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries (V4 countries, Bulgaria and Romania) in the period of 1996–2019. In the context of dynamic ARDL panel and environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), the relationship between GHG and GDP is N-shaped. A U-shaped relationship was obtained in the renewable Kuznets curve (RKC). Energy consumption, domestic credit to the private sector, and labor productivity contribute to pollution, while renewable energy consumption reduces the GHG emissions. However, more efforts are required for promoting renewable energy in the analyzed countries.

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Assessment of the Dependence of GHG Emissions on the Support and Taxes in the EU Countries

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13147650 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 7650

Author(s):

Astrida Miceikienė ◽

Kristina Gesevičienė ◽

Daiva Rimkuvienė

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Empirical Study ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Gdp Per Capita ◽

Environmental Taxes ◽

Environmental Support ◽

Eu Countries ◽

Support Measures ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Eu

The reduction of GHG emissions is one of the priorities of the EU countries. The majority of studies show that financial support and environmental taxes are one of the most effective measures for the mitigation of the negative consequences of climate change. The EU countries employ different environmental support measures and environmental taxes to reduce GHG emissions. There is a shortage of new studies on these measures. The aim of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of the environmental support measures of the EU countries with the effectiveness of environmental taxes in relation to the reduction of GHG emissions. This study is characterized by the broad scope of its data analysis and its systematic approach to the EU’s environmental policy measures. An empirical study was performed for the EU countries with the aim of addressing this research problem and substantiating theoretical insights. A total of 27 EU member states from 2009 to 2018 were selected as research samples. The research is based on a cause-and-effect relationship, where the factors affecting environmental pollution (environmental taxes and subsidies) are the cause, and GHG emissions are the effect. Statistical research methods were used in the empirical study: descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), simple regression and cluster analysis. The results show that the older member countries of the EU, which had directed the financial measures of environmental policy towards a reduction in energy consumption, managed to achieve a greater reduction in GHG emissions compared to the countries which had not applied those measures. The Central and Eastern European countries are characterized by lower environmental taxes and lower expenditure allocated to environmental protection. The countries with a higher GDP per capita have greater GHG emissions that the countries with lower GDP per capita. This is associated with greater consumption, waste, and energy consumption. The study conducted gives rise to a discussion regarding data sufficiency in the assessment and forecasting of GHG emissions and their environmental consequences.

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