scholarly journals Global health burden of ambient PM2.5 and the contribution of anthropogenic black carbon and organic aerosols

2022 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 107020
Author(s):  
Sourangsu Chowdhury ◽  
Andrea Pozzer ◽  
Andy Haines ◽  
Klaus Klingmüller ◽  
Thomas Münzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Health Burden

scholarly journals Fecal Transplantation from db/db Mice Treated with Sodium Butyrate Attenuates Ischemic Stroke Injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huidi Wang ◽  
Wei Song ◽  
Qiheng Wu ◽  
Xuxuan Gao ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Fecal Transplantation ◽  
Health Burden

Ischemic stroke is a major global health burden, and T2D is a well-known comorbidity that aggravates brain injury after ischemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanism by which T2D exacerbates stroke injury has not been completely elucidated.

scholarly journals The role of simulation in burns education

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 716-719
Author(s):  
Jia Choong ◽  
Zhi Yong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Simulation Training ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Safe Environment ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Training Simulation ◽  
The Uk

Burns are devastating injuries which represent a significant global health burden. In the UK alone, it is estimated that 175 000 people suffer from burns injuries requiring hospital attention every year. The global treatment of burns can be improved through a more systematic team-based approach, which can be achieved through simulation training. Simulation has an increasingly important role in medical education, not only allowing practitioners to apply their knowledge in a controlled and safe environment, but also allowing them to gain technical and non-technical skills. This article explores the role of simulation as an important and effective tool for burns education worldwide.

scholarly journals Optical properties of black carbon in cookstove emissions coated with secondary organic aerosols: Measurements and modeling

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1264-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Saliba ◽  
R. Subramanian ◽  
Rawad Saleh ◽  
Adam T. Ahern ◽  
Eric M. Lipsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosols ◽  
Organic Aerosols

scholarly journals Insights on organic aerosol aging and the influence of coal combustion at a regional receptor site of Central Eastern China

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 10809-10858 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Hu ◽  
M. Hu ◽  
B. Yuan ◽  
J. L. Jimenez ◽  
Q. Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Receptor Site ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Submicron Particles ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Photochemical Age

Abstract. In order to understand the aging and processing of organic aerosols (OA), an intensive field campaign (Campaign of Air Pollution at Typical Coastal Areas In Eastern China, CAPTAIN) was conducted in March–April at a receptor site (Changdao Island) in Central Eastern China. Multiple fast aerosol and gas measurement instruments were used during the campaign, including a high resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) was applied to measure mass concentrations and non-refractory chemical components of submicron particles (PM1nr). The average mass concentration of PM1 (PM1nr + black carbon) was 47 ± 36 μg m−3 during the campaign and showed distinct variation depending on back trajectories and their overlap with source regions. Organic aerosol (OA) is the largest component of PM1 (30%), followed by nitrate (28%), sulfate (19%), ammonium (15%), black carbon (6%), and chloride (3%). Four OA components were resolved by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) of the high-resolution spectra, including low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOA), semi-volatile oxygenated OA (SV-OOA), hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) and a coal combustion OA (CCOA), reported here for the first time. The mass spectrum of CCOA has high abundance of fragments from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (m/z 128, 152, 178 etc.). The average atomic ratio of oxygen to carbon in OA (O/C) at Changdao is 0.59, which is comparable to other field studies reported at locations downwind of large pollution sources, indicating the oxidized nature of most OA during the campaign. The evolution of OA elemental composition in the Van Krevelen diagram (H/C vs. O/C) shows a slope of −0.63, however, the OA influenced by coal combution exhibits a completely different evolution that appears dominated by physical mixing. The aging of organic aerosols vs. with photochemical age was investigated. It is shown that OA/ΔCO, as well as LV-OOA/ΔCO and SV-OOA/ΔCO, positively correlated with photochemical age. LV-OOA accounted for 73% of the OA secondary formation in the oldest plumes (photochemical age of 25 h). The kOH at Changdao by assuming SOA formation and aging as a first-order process proportional to OH was calculated to be is 5.2 × 10−12 cm3 molec−1 s−1 which is similar to those determined in recent studies of polluted air in other continents.

scholarly journals Exploring the microbiota to better understand gastrointestinal cancers physiology

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1400-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concetta Panebianco ◽  
Adele Potenza ◽  
Angelo Andriulli ◽  
Valerio Pazienza
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tumors ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Resistance To Therapy ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microflora

AbstractGastrointestinal cancers account for around 40% of cancer-related deaths worldwide, representing a global health burden. There is a growing body of evidence highlighting the link between microbiota and gastrointestinal tumorigenesis and/or resistance to therapy. In the present manuscript, we reviewed the published studies on the relationship between the microbiota and the different gastrointestinal tumors, namely, gastric, colorectal and esophageal, including also the cancer of accessory organs such as liver and pancreas. There is an emergent interest in the manipulation of gastrointestinal microflora in order to understand the gastrointestinal tumorigenesis’ processes and the establishment of chemoresistance mechanisms.

scholarly journals The inherited diseases of hemoglobin are an emerging global health burden

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (22) ◽  
pp. 4331-4336 ◽  
Author(s):  
David. J. Weatherall
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
International Health ◽  
Epidemiologic Transition ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Complex Population ◽  
International Health Organizations

Abstract It is estimated that in excess of 300 000 children are born each year with a severe inherited disorder of hemoglobin and that approximately 80% of these births occur in low- or middle-income countries. As these countries go through an epidemiologic transition, with a reduction in childhood and infant mortality due to improved public health measures, babies who would have previously died of these diseases before they were recognized are now surviving to present for diagnosis and treatment. Hence, they are presenting an increasing global health burden. Because of their uneven distribution in high-frequency populations, reflecting their complex population genetics, the true magnitude of this burden is still unknown. In many poor countries there are virtually no facilities for the diagnosis and management of these conditions, and even in richer countries there are limited data about their frequency, clinical course, or mortality. Without this information, it will be impossible to persuade governments about the increasing importance of these diseases. The situation will only be improved by concerted action on the part of the hematology community of the richer countries together with input from the major international health organizations and funding agencies.

The Global Health Burden Of Rape

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary P. Koss ◽  
Lori Heise ◽  
Nancy Felipe Russo
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Male Violence ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Health And Development

Women's rights to be free from male violence are now recognized by the United Nations as fundamental human rights. Two parallel transformations in the understanding of rape have been central to the international effort to achieve this declaration. The first is increased recognition of the extent to which rape typically involves intimates. The second is the shift from regarding rape as a criminal justice matter towards an appreciation of its implications for women's health. The focus of this paper is the health burden of rape, which is addressed from the global perspective and includes discussion of its prevalence and psychological, sociocultural, somatic, and reproductive health consequences. Quantitative efforts to capture the relative economic impact of rape compared to other threats to women's health are also discussed. The paper concludes with an agenda for future research on rape that could enrich activists' efforts on behalf of women's health and development.

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