Dimensional anxiety scales for DSM-5: Sensitivity to clinical severity

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 448-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Knappe ◽  
J. Klotsche ◽  
A. Strobel ◽  
R.T. LeBeau ◽  
M.G. Craske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Clinical Sensitivity ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractPurposePsychometric properties and clinical sensitivity of brief self-rated dimensional scales to supplement categorical diagnoses of anxiety disorders in the DSM-5 were recently demonstrated in a German treatment seeking sample of adults. The present study aims to demonstrate sensitivity of these scales to clinical severity levels.MethodsThe dimensional scales were administered to 102 adults at a university outpatient clinic for psychotherapy. Diagnostic status was assessed using the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview. To establish a wide range of clinical severity, we considered subthreshold (n= 83) and threshold anxiety disorders (n= 49, including Social Phobia, Specific Phobia, Agoraphobia, Panic Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder).ResultsIndividuals with either subthreshold or threshold anxiety disorder scored higher on all dimensional scales relative to individuals without anxiety. In addition, individuals with a threshold anxiety disorder scored higher on the dimensional scales than individuals with a subthreshold anxiety disorder (except for specific phobia). Disorder-related impairment ratings, global functioning assessments and number of panic attacks were associated with higher scores on dimensional scales. Findings were largely unaffected by the number of anxiety disorders and comorbid depressive disorders.ConclusionThe self-rated dimensional anxiety scales demonstrated sensitivity to clinical severity, and a cut-off based on additional assessment of impairment and distress may assist in the discrimination between subthreshold and threshold anxiety disorders. Findings suggest further research in various populations to test the utility of the scales for use in DSM-5.

Other Disorders in Which Overdiagnosis Is a Risk

2015 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Joel Paris
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Wide Range

Other disorders that can suffer from overdiagnosis include autistic spectrum disorders, anxiety disorders, and mild neurocognitive disorders. Autism in particular threatens to become a diagnostic epidemic as patients with a wide range of symptoms are seen as falling in the spectrum. While there is no pharmacological treatment for this condition, disability payments can be an issue. Generalized anxiety disorder and mild neurocgnitive disorder are also quite broadly defined in DSM-5.In each case, it can be difficult to distinguish these conditions from other mental disorders or from normality.

scholarly journals How does music performance anxiety relate to other anxiety disorders?

2021 ◽  
pp. 030573562098860
Author(s):  
Anna Wiedemann ◽  
Daniel Vogel ◽  
Catharina Voss ◽  
Jana Hoyer
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Performance Anxiety ◽  
Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Music Performance Anxiety ◽  
Dsm 5

Music performance anxiety (MPA) is considered a social anxiety disorder (SAD). Recent conceptualizations, however, challenge existing MPA definitions, distinguishing MPA from SAD. In this study, we aim to provide a systematic analysis of MPA interdependencies to other anxiety disorders through graphical modeling and cluster analysis. Participants were 82 music students ( Mage = 23.5 years, SD = 3.4 years; 69.5% women) with the majority being vocal (30.5%), string (24.4%), or piano (19.5%) students. MPA was measured using the German version of the Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory (K-MPAI). All participants were tested for anxiety-related symptoms using the disorder-specific anxiety measures of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., DSM-5), including agoraphobia (AG), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD), separation anxiety disorder (SEP), specific phobia (SP), SAD, and illness anxiety disorder (ILL). We found no evidence of MPA being primarily connected to SAD, finding GAD acted as a full mediator between MPA and any other anxiety type. Our graphical model remained unchanged considering severe cases of MPA only (K-MPAI ⩾ 105). By means of cluster analysis, we identified two participant sub-groups of differing anxiety profiles. Participants with pathological anxiety consistently showed more severe MPA. Our findings suggest that GAD is the strongest predictor for MPA among all major DSM-5 anxiety types.

Overview of Anxiety Disorders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon E Grant
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Psychosocial Impairment

Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disorders among adults in the United States. Although anxiety disorders generally result in significant psychosocial impairment, most adults do not seek treatment until many years after the onset of the anxiety disorder. The treatment literature for anxiety disorder has grown tremendously since the 1980s, and both psychotherapy and medications may prove beneficial for people with anxiety disorders. This review presents a general overview of the anxiety disorders. This review contains 7 tables, and 33 references. Key words: agoraphobia, anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, treatment of anxiety

scholarly journals Διερεύνηση διαφυλικών διαφορών ως προς την εκδήλωση αγχωδών διαταραχών σε μαθητές της Ε' και Στ' Δημοτικού

2017 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Βασίλειος Καρτέρης ◽  
Αλέξανδρος-Σταμάτιος Αντωνίου
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Bodily Injury ◽  
Of Greece

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders in childhood and adversely affect the functioning of children in various important areas of their life. According to contemporary international research, girls seem to be more prone to the appearance of anxiety disorder. This survey was conducted on a sample of 461 pupils of grades E and F in urban and semi-urban areas of Greece and confirmed the findings of corresponding international studies. In particular, it was found that gender significantly affects the occurrence of specific phobia (fear of bodily injury), generalized anxiety disorder, panic-agoraphobia, social phobia and separation anxiety. Typically, girls appeared to have higher levels of anxiety in various events in their lives. It has been shown that early detection and early intervention, along with the strengthening of counseling parents, contribute significantly to the smooth psychosomal development of children with anxiety disorders.

Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray B. Stein ◽  
Meghan E. Keough ◽  
Peter P. Roy-Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Dsm Iv

The anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and trauma- and stressor-related disorders are, together, the most common class of mental disorders. From a systematic review of prevalence studies across 44 countries, the global current prevalence for the DSM IV anxiety disorders was estimated at 7.3% (95% CI 4.8%–10.9%), suggesting that one in 14 people around the world at any given time has an anxiety disorder. Women are approximately twice as likely as men to have an anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders are a substantial contributor to the heavy burden of disease conveyed by mental and substance use disorders worldwide, where they are second only to depressive disorders in years-lost-to-disabilility.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Anxiety and Depression in Youth With Epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia J Scott ◽  
Louise Sharpe ◽  
Max Loomes ◽  
Milena Gandy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide an estimate of the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in youth with epilepsy (YWE). It also aimed to calculate the overall magnitude of observed differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms reported by YWE compared with healthy controls and investigate whether any factors moderated anxiety and depression outcomes in YWE. Methods Following prospective registration, electronic databases were searched up until October 2018. Studies were included if they reported on the rate of anxiety or depression in samples of YWE, and/or if they used valid measures of anxious or depressive symptomatology in YWE compared with a healthy control sample. Results Twenty-three studies met inclusion criteria. The overall pooled prevalence of anxiety disorders in YWE was 18.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.0%–28.5%), and for depression the pooled prevalence was 13.5% (95% CI 8.8%–20.2%). In samples of YWE compared with healthy controls, significantly higher anxiety (d = 0.57, 95% CI 0.32–0.83, p < .000) and depressive (d = 0.42, 95% CI 0.16–0.68, p < .000) symptomatology was reported. Conclusions YWE report anxiety and depressive disorders and symptoms to a significantly higher degree than youth without epilepsy. There is also evidence that certain anxiety disorders (e.g. generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder) are particularly elevated, perhaps reflecting the unique impact of epilepsy on youth psychopathology. Research is needed to understand the risk factors associated with anxiety and depressive disorders in epilepsy, and better understand how these symptoms change across development.

Systematic review of the outcome of anxiety and depressive disorders

1998 ◽  
Vol 173 (S34) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Emmanuel ◽  
S. Simmonds ◽  
P. Tyrer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
The Past ◽  
Standard Procedures

Background Although there have been many changes in the diagnosis of anxiety and depressive disorders in the past 20 years there have been few comparative enquiries into the clinical outcome of greater diagnostic categories. We therefore compared the outcome of all studies which compared the outcome of specific anxiety and depressive disorders using the standard procedures of systematic review.Method A Medline search was carried out of all studies comparing the outcome of anxiety and depressive disorders or mixed anxiety-depressive disorders in which information was available separately for each disorder.Results Eight studies satisfied the search criteria (all involving a period of observation of two years or greater); only one of these included randomisation of treatment and comparison between specific anxiety disorder outcome. There was a somewhat better outcome in patients with depressive disorders compared with anxiety ones, and strong evidence that both anxiety and depressive disorders singly had better outcomes than comorbid mixed disorders.Conclusion Comorbid anxiety-depressive disorders have a poor outcome compared with single anxiety and depressive disorders, and there is some evidence that anxiety disorders have a worse outcome than depressive ones.

Anxiety disorders and the onset of depression among adults in the community

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
RENEE D. GOODWIN
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Panic Attack ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Sociodemographic Differences ◽  
Co Morbidity

Objective. To determine the association between anxiety disorders, panic attack and the risk of major depression among adults in the community.Method. Data were drawn from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program survey waves 1 (N = 20291) and 2 (N = 15849). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk of incident major depression at 12-month follow-up (wave 2) associated with each anxiety disorder and panic attacks assessed at wave 1, adjusting for differences in sociodemographic characteristics, and then controlling simultaneously for all anxiety disorders, and other psychiatric co-morbidity.Results. Specific phobia (OR = 1.7 (1.6, 1.8)), agoraphobia (OR = 2.3 (2.2, 2.5)), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OR = 5.4 (5.0, 5.8)) and panic attack (OR = 1.9 (1.8, 2.1)) each made an independent contribution to the risk of major depression, which persisted after adjusting simultaneously for sociodemographic differences and other psychiatric co-morbidity. Conclusions. Each anxiety disorder and panic attacks appear to confer an independent risk for the onset of major depression within 12-months among adults in the community. Understanding the key role played by anxiety in depression onset is needed for prevention strategies.

Asthma and depressive and anxiety disorders among young persons in the community

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1465-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
RENEE D. GOODWIN ◽  
DAVID M. FERGUSSON ◽  
L. JOHN HORWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Co Morbidity

Background. The objectives of the study were to examine linkages between asthma and depressive and anxiety disorders in a birth cohort of over 1000 young persons studied to the age of 21 years. Specifically, the study aimed to ascertain the extent to which associations between asthma and depressive and anxiety disorders could be explained by non-observed fixed confounding factors.Method. Asthma and depressive and anxiety disorders were measured prospectively over the course of a 21-year longitudinal study. Fixed effects logistic regression models were used to determine the relationship between asthma and depressive and anxiety disorders, adjusting for potentially confounding factors.Results. Asthma in adolescence and young adulthood was associated with increased likelihood of major depression (OR 1·7, 95% CI 1·3–2·3), panic attacks (OR 1·9, 95% CI 1·3–2·8), and any anxiety disorder (OR 1·6, 95% CI 1·2–2·2). Associations between asthma and depressive and anxiety disorders were adjusted for confounding factors using a fixed effects regression model which showed that, after control for fixed confounding factors, asthma was no longer significantly related to major depression (OR 1·1), panic attacks (OR 1·1), or any anxiety disorder (OR 1·2). Additional post hoc analyses suggested that exposure to childhood adversity or unexamined familial factors may account for some of the co-morbidity of asthma and depressive and anxiety disorders.Conclusions. These results confirm and extend previous findings by documenting elevated rates of depressive and anxiety disorders among young adults with asthma, compared with their counterparts without asthma, in the community. The weight of the evidence from this study suggests that associations between asthma and depressive and anxiety symptoms may reflect effects of common factors associated with both asthma and depressive and anxiety disorders, rather than a direct causal link. Future research is needed to identify the specific factors underlying these associations.

Adverse childhood experiences in relation to mood and anxiety disorders in a population-based sample of active military personnel

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sareen ◽  
C. A. Henriksen ◽  
S.-L. Bolton ◽  
T. O. Afifi ◽  
M. B. Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Mood And Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Adverse Childhood

BackgroundAlthough it has been posited that exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increases vulnerability to deployment stress, previous literature in this area has demonstrated conflicting results. Using a cross-sectional population-based sample of active military personnel, the present study examined the relationship between ACEs, deployment related stressors and mood and anxiety disorders.MethodData were analyzed from the 2002 Canadian Community Health Survey – Canadian Forces Supplement (CCHS-CFS; n = 8340, age 18–54 years, response rate 81%). The following ACEs were self-reported retrospectively: childhood physical abuse, childhood sexual abuse, economic deprivation, exposure to domestic violence, parental divorce/separation, parental substance abuse problems, hospitalization as a child, and apprehension by a child protection service. DSM-IV mood and anxiety disorders [major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic attacks/disorder and social phobia] were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).ResultsEven after adjusting for the effects of deployment-related traumatic exposures (DRTEs), exposure to ACEs was significantly associated with past-year mood or anxiety disorder among men [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.34, 99% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.73, p < 0.01] and women [aOR 1.37, 99% CI 1.00–1.89, p = 0.01]. Participants exposed to both ACEs and DRTEs had the highest prevalence of past-year mood or anxiety disorder in comparison to those who were exposed to either ACEs alone, DRTEs alone, or no exposure.ConclusionsACEs are associated with several mood and anxiety disorders among active military personnel. Intervention strategies to prevent mental health problems should consider the utility of targeting soldiers with exposure to ACEs.

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