A novel protocol to assess dual task cost as a potential measure of cognitive reserve

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S77-S77
Author(s):  
A. Oliveira-Maia ◽  
I. Coelho ◽  
J.B. Barahona-Corrêa ◽  
V. Paixão ◽  
M. Camacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Periodic Signal ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Dual Task Cost

IntroductionMethods for measuring cognitive reserve (CR) are limited and controversial. Dual task cost (DTC) paradigms, assessing links between gait and cognition, are increasingly regarded as robust measures of CR.ObjectivesHere, we aimed to validate a simplified methodology for a DTC paradigm in healthy volunteers for application in clinical settings as a measurement of CR.MethodsWe tested if subtracting by 7's (cognitive task) while walking (motor task) induced a DTC in a sample of 39 healthy young adults. For the cognitive task, we recorded the number of correct and incorrect subtractions, as well as the latency between subtractions. Gait parameters were recorded on a tri-axial accelerometer fixed to the left ankle. Both tasks were performed separately (single task) and simultaneously (double task) to assess the DTC. A battery for neuropsychological assessment and questionnaires to assess quality of life and affective symptoms were also applied, to measure possible correlations with the DTC.ResultsSubtracting 7's while walking caused significant changes in gait parameters and in cognitive task performance. A significant decrease in the autocorrelation of the accelerometer signal during the dual task was also found (DTC = 37.92 ± 7.56%; P < 0.0001). This measure has not been previously used and may be a more sensitive measure of the dual task induced disturbance of the gait periodic signal pattern. Correlations between DTC and quality of life, affective or cognitive measures were not significant.ConclusionOur study provides an effective, portable and non-intrusive DTC experimental protocol that can be easily applied in clinical settings.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals “Effect of Secondary Cognitive and Motor Tasks on Selected Gait Parameters in Different Age Groups”

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (06) ◽  
pp. 5437-5441
Author(s):  
Raee Saeed Alqhtani ◽  
Adel Alshahrani ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Rahman Jarrar ◽  
Reyaz Ahmed ◽  
Hashim Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Automatic Process ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Gait Parameters

Since walking is a dynamic activity which is an automatic process and attention demanding task. Dual task while walking may cause changes in gait, therefore this study primarily aims to identify whether a secondary cognitive or motor task would have a greater effect on gait parameters in different age groups. Secondarily, it aims to examine difference in gait performance between young and older adults while performing cognitive and motor tasks. Student’s t- test and Repeated measure analysis of variance was used for Statistical analyses. Older group had significantly higher gait time (mean difference: 2.61,3.86, and 6.37seconds), lower stride length (mean difference: 0.26, 0.25, and 0.28 cm), and higher step width (mean difference: 1.46,1.85, and 3.13cm) during simple walking task, motor task and cognitive task while walking, respectively as compared to young adults.This study concludes that the secondary cognitive task has affect the selected gait parameters more in young and older adults as compared to secondary motor task. Additionally, dual task performance has shown difference between gait of young and older adults    

The dual task-cost of standing balance affects quality of life in mildly disabled MS people

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 673-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letizia Castelli ◽  
Francesca De Luca ◽  
Maria Rita Marchetti ◽  
Giovanni Sellitto ◽  
Fulvia Fanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Standing Balance ◽  
Dual Task Cost

scholarly journals Independent and sensitive gait parameters for objective evaluation in knee and hip osteoarthritis using wearable sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon J. Boekesteijn ◽  
José M. H. Smolders ◽  
Vincent J. J. F. Busch ◽  
Alexander C. H. Geurts ◽  
Katrijn Smulders
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Dual Task Cost ◽  
Dual Task Performance ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters

Abstract Background Although it is well-established that osteoarthritis (OA) impairs daily-life gait, objective gait assessments are not part of routine clinical evaluation. Wearable inertial sensors provide an easily accessible and fast way to routinely evaluate gait quality in clinical settings. However, during these assessments, more complex and meaningful aspects of daily-life gait, including turning, dual-task performance, and upper body motion, are often overlooked. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate turning, dual-task performance, and upper body motion in individuals with knee or hip OA in addition to more commonly assessed spatiotemporal gait parameters using wearable sensors. Methods Gait was compared between individuals with unilateral knee (n = 25) or hip OA (n = 26) scheduled for joint replacement, and healthy controls (n = 27). For 2 min, participants walked back and forth along a 6-m trajectory making 180° turns, with and without a secondary cognitive task. Gait parameters were collected using 4 inertial measurement units on the feet and trunk. To test if dual-task gait, turning, and upper body motion had added value above spatiotemporal parameters, a factor analysis was conducted. Effect sizes were computed as standardized mean difference between OA groups and healthy controls to identify parameters from these gait domains that were sensitive to knee or hip OA. Results Four independent domains of gait were obtained: speed-spatial, speed-temporal, dual-task cost, and upper body motion. Turning parameters constituted a gait domain together with cadence. From the domains that were obtained, stride length (speed-spatial) and cadence (speed-temporal) had the strongest effect sizes for both knee and hip OA. Upper body motion (lumbar sagittal range of motion), showed a strong effect size when comparing hip OA with healthy controls. Parameters reflecting dual-task cost were not sensitive to knee or hip OA. Conclusions Besides more commonly reported spatiotemporal parameters, only upper body motion provided non-redundant and sensitive parameters representing gait adaptations in individuals with hip OA. Turning parameters were sensitive to knee and hip OA, but were not independent from speed-related gait parameters. Dual-task parameters had limited additional value for evaluating gait in knee and hip OA, although dual-task cost constituted a separate gait domain. Future steps should include testing responsiveness of these gait domains to interventions aiming to improve mobility.

scholarly journals The Effect of Two Different Cognitive Tests on Gait Parameters during Dual Tasks in Healthy Postmenopausal Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Hagner-Derengowska ◽  
Krystian Kałużny ◽  
Wojciech Hagner ◽  
Anna Kałużna ◽  
Bartosz Kochański ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Smart System ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Support Phase

Introduction. The paper aims to evaluate the influence of two different demanding cognitive tasks on gait parameters using BTS SMART system analysis.Patients and Methods. The study comprised 53 postmenopausal women aged 64.5 ± 6.7 years (range: 47–79). For every subject, gait analysis using a BTS SMART system was performed in a dual-task study design under three conditions: (I) while walking only (single task), (II) walking while performing a simultaneous simple cognitive task (SCT) (dual task), and (III) walking while performing a simultaneous complex cognitive task (CCT) (dual task). Time-space parameters of gait pertaining to the length of a single support phase, double support phase, gait speed, step length, step width, and leg swing speed were analyzed.Results. Performance of cognitive tests during gait resulted in a statistically significant prolongation of the left (by 7%) and right (by 7%) foot gait cycle, shortening of the length of steps made with the right extremity (by 4%), reduction of speed of swings made with the left (by 11%) and right (by 8%) extremity, and reduction in gait speed (by 6%).Conclusions. Performance of cognitive tests during gait changes its individual pattern in relation to the level of the difficulty of the task.

scholarly journals Osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Etiology, treatment, rehabilitation (analytical review of the literature)

TRAUMA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Khaled Obeidat ◽  
O.D. Karpinska
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Knee Replacement ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Knee Pathology

According to epidemiological studies, osteoarthritis accounts for 10–12 % of all cases of musculoskeletal diseases. In the general structure of knee pathology, degenerative diseases make up 57.8 %. The urgency of the problems of gonarthrosis is due to not only its widespread prevalence, but also the high risk of developing knee dysfunction, accompanied by a significant reduction in the quality of life of patients and often leading to partial or permanent disability of patients. Gonarthrosis has significant gender features. Women account for about 70 % of the number of patients, while men had this disease almost 2 times less often, but other data indicate that the incidence of gonarthrosis in men under 60 years of age is higher, and in women it begins to increase after 65 years. Knee replacement is a leading method in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis stages III–IV. The tendency towards an increase in the total number of surgeries leads to an increase in the frequency of complications and unsatisfactory results: according to some authors, from 3.3 to 13.2 % of patients complain of knee replacement outcomes. Studies of long-term complaints after arthroplasty have shown that in addition to pain reduction, some patients had an increase in varus angle when bending the knee while walking but they didn’t mark an improvement in gait parameters compared to preoperative examination. After unilateral total knee arthroplasty, the load patterns of the frontal plane in the operated knee remain pathological in the long run. After knee arthroplasty, there is muscle weakness, and studies have shown changes in all muscles of the lower extremity. Weakening of some muscles led to compensatory strengthening of others. Studies of the effect of preoperative rehabilitation on the outcome of knee arthroplasty have shown its low efficiency. Many studies have studied motor activity of patients after total knee arthroplasty in recent years. Not only gait features, but also movements of the pelvis, trunk and upper extremities are studied. Modern methods of diagnosing spatial oscillations of the body when walking have shown that disorders of body movements — excessive hand movements, pelvic loosening, asymmetrical flexion of the knee joints, etc., after arthroplasty are preserved in patients and restore slowly, and some disorders remain forever. Conclusions. Knee arthroplasty relieves pain, improves quality of life, but according to many authors, patients complain of incomplete restoration of the functionality of the prosthetic limb. According to the researchers, the main cause for incomplete reco-very of gait parameters is the difference in the frontal angles of the knee joint flexion and the difference in the length of the steps. Special training exercises can reduce the asymmetry of the steps, but it is difficult to completely restore the symmetry of the steps within 2 years. Studies of the effect of preoperative rehabilitation on the outcome of knee arthroplasty have shown its low effectiveness.

scholarly journals Modifications in Prefrontal Cortex Oxygenation in Linear and Curvilinear Dual Task Walking: A Combined fNIRS and IMUs Study

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6159
Author(s):  
Valeria Belluscio ◽  
Gabriele Casti ◽  
Marco Ferrari ◽  
Valentina Quaresima ◽  
Maria Sofia Sappia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Gait Quality

Increased oxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been observed during linear walking, particularly when there is a high attention demand on the task, like in dual-task (DT) paradigms. Despite the knowledge that cognitive and motor demands depend on the complexity of the motor task, most studies have only focused on usual walking, while little is known for more challenging tasks, such as curved paths. To explore the relationship between cortical activation and gait biomechanics, 20 healthy young adults were asked to perform linear and curvilinear walking trajectories in single-task and DT conditions. PFC activation was assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, while gait quality with four inertial measurement units. The Figure-of-8-Walk-Test was adopted as the curvilinear trajectory, with the “Serial 7s” test as concurrent cognitive task. Results show that walking along curvilinear trajectories in DT led to increased PFC activation and decreased motor performance. Under DT walking, the neural correlates of executive function and gait control tend to be modified in response to the cognitive resources imposed by the motor task. Being more representative of real-life situations, this approach to curved walking has the potential to reveal crucial information and to improve people’ s balance, safety, and life’s quality.

Effect Of The Combination Of Automated Peripheral Mechanical Stimulation And Physical Exercise On Aerobic Functional Capacity And Cardiac Autonomic Control: A Randomized Clinical Trial Protocol.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolle Aileen Zelada-Astudillo ◽  
Andrea Herrera-Santelices ◽  
Fabio Augusto Barbieri ◽  
Vinicius Christianini Moreno ◽  
Antonio Roberto Zamunér
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Autonomic Control ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Control ◽  
Gait Parameters

Abstract ● Background: Automated peripheral mechanical stimulation (AMPS) has been proposed as a new complementary therapy with potential for improving motor and cardiovascular abnormalities in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, AMPS long-term effects and its combination with physical exercise is unknown. Thus, this study aims to compare the effects of a program of 12 weeks of physical exercise with a 12-week intervention program combining physical exercise and AMPS on the aerobic capacity, cardiac autonomic control and gait parameters in patients with PD.● Methods: A randomized, controlled clinical trial will be conducted. Volunteers will be randomly assigned to one of the two groups studied: 1) Exercise; or 2) AMPS + Exercise. Both groups will undergo an exercise program of 24 sessions, for 12 weeks, performed twice a week. Before exercise sessions, the group AMPS+Exercise will receive a session of active AMPS, while the group Exercise will receive an AMPS sham intervention. Shapiro-wilk’s and Levene’s tests will be used to check for data normality and homogeneity, respectively. In case parametric assumptions are fulfilled, per-protocol and intention-to-treat analyses will be performed using a mixed model analysis of variance to check for Group*Time interaction. Significance level will be set at 5%. ● Discussion: Several non-pharmacological treatment modalities have been proposed for PD, focusing primarily on the reduction of motor and musculoskeletal disorders. Regular exercise and motor training have been shown to be effective in improving quality of life. However, treatment options in general remain limited given the high prevalence and adverse impact of these disorders. So, developing new strategies that can potentiate the improvement of motor disabilities and also improve non-motor symptoms in PD is relevant. It is expected that the participants from both groups will improve their quality of life, gait parameters and their cardiac autonomic control, with greater improvements being observed in the group combining active AMPS and physical exercise.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04251728, registered February 05, 2020

Body dysmorphic disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 1031-1042
Author(s):  
Megan M. Kelly ◽  
Katharine A. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Clinical Settings

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a common and unusually severe mental illness, characterized by distressing or impairing preoccupations with non-existent or slight defects in one’s physical appearance, as well as compulsive behaviours, that aim to examine, improve, hide, or obtain reassurance about the perceived defects. BDD is associated with poor quality of life and marked functional impairment, as well as high rates of suicidal ideation and behaviours. Although BDD is often under-recognized in clinical settings, both pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions are effective at reducing BDD symptoms and distress. This chapter presents information on the phenomenology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, epidemiology, pathogenesis, course, and treatment of BDD.

Spirituality and Religion-Relevance and Assessment in the Clinical Setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Ishrat J. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Review Articles ◽  
Spirituality And Religion

Background:There has been an increasing interest in the past several decades to study the relationship between spirituality and religion with physical and mental health as well as the various quality of life measures. This trend has led to the creation of an area of study called epidemiology of religion and spirituality. The policy shifts at various levels, in the mental health field, has occurred as well to educate healthcare providers, and address patients’ spiritual /religious needs in clinical settings. Despite these advances in research and policy shift, there is still some resistance in the health care community to assess and address the spiritual needs of patients in clinical settings.Objective:The objective is to review the published articles on spirituality/religion and its relationship with mental and physical wellbeing and discuss limitations of such research. The review articles on assessment and interventions to address spiritual or religious needs in clinical settings were also included.Methods:Author conducted a literature search using books@Ovid, Journals@Ovid Full Text, Your Journals@Ovid, Ovid MEDLINE® 1946 to January week 4 2019, Ovid Medline® and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily without Revisions 2015-January 28, 2019; Ovid MD and Psychiatry Online.Results:A total of 1,040 articles were identified using keywords spirituality, religion, mental health, physical health, psychological well-being, healthy beliefs, psychopathological beliefs and quality of life. The search result included original research papers, review articles and commentaries.Conclusion:The review articles were narrowed to 100 articles based on relevance to the objectives outlined above. Seventy-five articles were referenced at the end.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document