Body dysmorphic disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 1031-1042
Author(s):  
Megan M. Kelly ◽  
Katharine A. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Clinical Settings

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a common and unusually severe mental illness, characterized by distressing or impairing preoccupations with non-existent or slight defects in one’s physical appearance, as well as compulsive behaviours, that aim to examine, improve, hide, or obtain reassurance about the perceived defects. BDD is associated with poor quality of life and marked functional impairment, as well as high rates of suicidal ideation and behaviours. Although BDD is often under-recognized in clinical settings, both pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions are effective at reducing BDD symptoms and distress. This chapter presents information on the phenomenology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, epidemiology, pathogenesis, course, and treatment of BDD.

“The effects of family therapeutic interventions on mental health and quality of life of children with cancer: A systematic review”

2022 ◽  
pp. 135910452110618
Author(s):  
Konstantina Vasilopoulou ◽  
Angeliki Skoutari ◽  
Konstantinos Siomos ◽  
Nikolaos Christodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Children With Cancer

Background: The diagnosis of a childhood malignancy and the following period are very stressful for the little patient and the whole family. Depression, anxiety, and poor quality of life (QoL) are some of the negative effects of pediatric cancer to the children and their parents. Family therapeutic interventions aim to improve mental health and QoL of these children. Methods: A systematic search of the electronic database PubMed was conducted for articles that studied the effect of family therapeutic interventions on mental health and QoL of children with cancer. Results: A total of 634 articles were evaluated, of which 10 articles met the inclusion criteria. A percentage of 70% of the studies, representing seven different types of interventions, seemed to be beneficial for the participant’s mental health and QoL. The remaining three studies did not significantly improve mental health and QoL. Conclusion: The results of our review indicate that family psychosocial interventions are beneficial for children with cancer. These children and their families are a growing population requiring more patient-centered, time flexible interventions which may enhance family bonding and patients’ positive emotions.

Predictive Validity of Two Physical Frailty Phenotype Specifications Developed for Investigation of Frailty Pathways in Older People

Gerontology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yew Yoong Ding
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Older People ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Frailty Phenotype

Background: For investigating the relationship of frailty with physical, psychological, and social conditions on pathways, the frailty definition should ideally exclude these conditions. Based on the frailty phenotype, 2 candidate physical frailty specifications or instruments with 3 indicators, namely slowness, weakness, and exhaustion, and 4 indicators with addition of weight loss were previously developed, and had their construct and concurrent validity demonstrated. Objective: This study seeks to evaluate the predictive validity of 2 candidate physical frailty specifications with respect to death, functional impairment, and poor quality of life in older people. Methods: For 4,368 respondents aged 65-89 years from wave 2 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, confirmatory factor analysis is performed for these 2 physical frailty specifications to obtain unique factor scores for each respondent. Prediction of death, basic and instrumental activities of daily living (BADL and IADL) difficulty, and poor quality of life (reverse of Control, Autonomy, Self-realization, and Pleasure [19 items] or CASP-19) 2 years later by factor scores for these 2 specifications is evaluated using standardized coefficients, c-statistics, and r2 values from regression analyses. Their performance is compared with those of alternative specifications with 3 (slowness, weakness, and weight loss) and 5 indicators (slowness, weakness, exhaustion, weight loss, and low physical activity), and Frailty Index (FI). Results: For the 2 candidate specifications, an increase of 1 standard deviation (SD) predicts 50-57% increase in odds of death, 0.10-15 SD increase in change in BADL or IADL difficulty, and poor quality of life at 2 years. They predict these outcomes as well or better than the alternative specification with 3 indicators, but marginally worse than that with 5 indicators. Compared with FI, they predict death and poor quality of life similarly, but perform worse for functional impairment. Minor differences are observed across gender. Conclusion: Reasonable predictive validity of 2 candidate physical frailty specifications based on the frailty phenotype with 3 and 4 indicators is demonstrated for death, functional impairment, and poor quality of life. These findings offer evidence to support their suitability for employment in investigating frailty pathways in older people.

Enmeshment Schema and Quality of Life Deficits: The Mediating Role of Social Anxiety

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonah N. Cohen ◽  
Dane Jensen ◽  
M. Taylor Dryman ◽  
Richard G. Heimberg
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Family Enmeshment

Social anxiety is associated with significant functional impairment and poor quality of life. However, there is a paucity of research on how early childhood and family dynamics may be related to social anxiety and its impact on quality of life. We investigated the role of enmeshment schemas, cognitive structures associated with emotional over-involvement with and lack of differentiation from family. Enmeshment is associated with considerable functional impairment, including elevated anxiety and depression and impaired relationship satisfaction. As enmeshment schemas predict withdrawal from stressful social interactions, they may facilitate the development of social anxiety and, through that mechanism, lead to reduced quality of life. Participants completed measures of these constructs. Social anxiety mediated the negative association between enmeshment and quality of life, particularly within the domains of personal growth, social functioning, and achievement. Implications for novel etiological conceptualizations of social anxiety and subsequent treatment interventions are discussed.

scholarly journals Internet addiction and poor quality of life are significantly associated with suicidal ideation of senior high school students in Chongqing, China

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wo Wang ◽  
Dong Dong Zhou ◽  
Ming Ai ◽  
Xiao Rong Chen ◽  
Zhen Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
School Students ◽  
Senior High School Students

Background Adolescence is a vulnerable period of life, and many mental health and behavioral problems emerge during this particular period, including depression, internet addiction (IA), and suicidal behaviors. Poor quality of life (QOL) and IA have been found to be significantly associated with suicidal ideation (SI) among Chinese university students, of whom most have been adults. Nevertheless, their associations with SI are rarely studied among Chinese adolescents. The objective of this study was to examine these relationships in a representative adolescent sample of Chinese senior high school students, who are experiencing an enormous transition from childhood to adulthood. Methods By using multi-stage sampling, a total of 26,688 students were successfully recruited from 29 senior high schools of a very large City in western China, Chongqing municipality. In this cross-sectional online survey, students’ demographic and lifestyle characteristics were collected with a standardized questionnaire. The Young’s IA Test, the Chinese Six-item QOL questionnaire, and item 15 of the Symptom Checklist-90-R were used to measure IA, QOL, and SI, respectively. Results The 1-month prevalence of SI was 11.5% among students of senior high schools in Chongqing, China. Students with SI had significantly higher QOL scores (17.3 ± 3.7 vs. 13.7 ± 3.8, P < 0.001) and higher prevalence of IA (49.6% vs. 25.6%, P < 0.001) than those without SI. After controlling for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical covariates, IA (odd ratio (OR) = 1.15, P = 0.003) and a high QOL score (OR = 1.09, P < 0.001) remained significantly associated with SI. Conclusion Suicidal ideation is prevalent among Chinese adolescents and it is associated with IA and poor QOL. Measures aimed at reducing IA and improving QOL may help prevent suicidal behaviors among Chinese adolescents.

scholarly journals Recognize both objective and subjective dimensions of recovery of severe mental illness

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Man C.M. Tsui ◽  
Da Li
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Psychiatric Rehabilitation ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions

Fostering psychiatric rehabilitation philosophy and practices for individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) in the mainland China is of urgent needs but various challenges exist. Psychiatric rehabilitation targets specifically at those with SMI which utilizes pharmacological treatment for controlling the signs and symptoms, and psychosocial interventions for restoring psychological and social functioning including interpersonal relationships, work, leisure and quality of life.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Impacts on Families of Patients with Mental Illness: A Systematic Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. M. Senthil
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Care Giving

Background: Family members play a major role in providing care giving assistance to patients with mentally illness and while providing care they may experience considerable amount of distress and may have a poor quality of life, if they are unable to cope with the stress associated with the process of caregiving. The effect of stressors on family members caring for a patient with mentally illness in the family has been referred to as caregiver’s burden. Caregiver burden in mental illness can either be objective or subjective. Numerous studies have demonstrated that family caregivers of persons with a mental illness suffer from significant stresses, experience high levels of burden, and often receive inadequate assistance from mental health professionals. So this study was carried out to review the literature and to describe the psychosocial issues facing by family members of patients with mental illness. Method: An electronic search of articles from Google was conducted for articles published. The purpose of this article was to present a review of the literature related to families of persons with mental illness. There is general agreement in the literature that a multitude of psychosocial variables affect families of persons with mental illness. Therefore, this literature review examined the most frequently investigated variables such as family burden, stigma, stereotypes and prejudices, quality of Life, disability and dysfunction in family life and psychological distress as they are related to families and mental illness. Results: A systematization of information revealed the existence of significant stresses, experience high levels of burden, stigma, poor quality of life and various psychological strains while providing care to their ill relatives. Conclusions: The findings of this study urges the mental health care professionals to actively work with the caregivers of patients with psychiatric illness to decide suitable psychosocial intervention strategies to address their burden associated with mental illness, to improve their quality of life and enhance their coping skills which will in turn provide good quality of care to their mentally ill patients.

scholarly journals Body dysmorphic disorder: A diagnostic challenge in adolescence

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanga Thungana ◽  
Karis Moxley ◽  
Anusha Lachman
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Inpatient Psychiatric Unit ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorder

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a chronic and disabling condition that is characterised by distressing preoccupations with perceived defects in one’s own appearance, which might be slight or not observable to others. It is considered to be an obsessive–compulsive spectrum disorder and is associated with depression, feelings of shame and poor quality of life. It is primarily a disorder of childhood or adolescent onset, and sub-clinical BDD symptoms begin, on average, several years before an individual’s symptoms meet full criteria for the disorder. Here we report the case of an adolescent admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit for treatment of psychotic symptoms that were poorly responsive to standard treatments. This challenging case of BDD in an adolescent highlights the various comorbidities of the disorder, as well as the difficulties associated with BDD diagnosis.

KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN STROKE DI POLIKLINIK RAWAT JALAN RUMAH SAKIT SWASTA YOGYAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-237
Author(s):  
Hana Larasati ◽  
Theresia Titin Marlina
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Psychological Dimension

Background: stroke is a disorder of nervous system function that occurs suddenly and is caused by brain bleeding disorders that can affect the quality of life physical dimensions, social dimensions, psychological dimensions, environmental dimensions. Based on the result of Lumbu study (2015) the number of samples were 71 people collected data using the (WHOQOL-BREF). There were 56 people (78,9%) had the poor quality of life of post stroke. The mean of post-stroke quality of life domain was physical domain (45,27%), psychological domain (49,87%), social relations domain (48,15%) and environmental domain (50.01%). Objective: the purpose of the study was know the quality of life of the stroke patients in Outpatient Polyclinic of Private Hospital in Yogyakarta. Methods: used descriptive quantitative by using questionnaire test of purposive sampling system based on patients who have been affected of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke before, number 30 respondents. Result: quality of life of stroke patient of medium physical dimension (67%), psychological dimension (71%), social dimension (67%), dimension good environment (63%). Conclusion: the quality of life of stroke patients of physical dimension, psychological dimension, and moderate social dimension, while the quality of life of stroke patients were good environmental dimension.   Keywords: Hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, quality of life

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