scholarly journals Moment-to-moment associations between emotional disturbances, aberrant salience and persecutory delusions

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s838-s838 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. So ◽  
A.K.C. Chau ◽  
E. Peters ◽  
J. Swendsen ◽  
P. Garety ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Emotional Disturbances ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Persecutory Delusions ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Aberrant Salience ◽  
Time Lagged ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionExperiences of depression and anxiety are common among patients with persecutory delusions. It has been theorized that emotional disturbances affect the formation and appraisal of persecutory delusions directly and possibly via increasing the sense of aberrant salience.ObjectivesUsing a time-lagged analysis of experience sampling data, this study modelled the role of momentary levels of negative emotions and aberrant salience in maintaining persecutory delusions in patients with active delusions.MethodsClinically acute participants with at least a mild level of persecutory delusions were assessed using experience sampling method (ESM; 7 entries per day for 14 days) and clinical rating scales. ESM data of participants who completed at least 30 ESM entries were analysed by using multilevel regression modelling.ResultsThe final sample consisted of 14 participants, with a total of 1161 momentary observations. Time-lagged analysis revealed that both negative emotions (B = 0.125, P = .009) and aberrant salience (B = 0.267, P< .001) predicted an increase in persecutory delusions in the next moment. Conversely, persecutory delusions did not predict change in negative emotions or change in aberrant salience in the next moment (ps> .05). Negative emotions also predicted an increase in aberrant salience in the next moment (B = 0.087, P = .009).ConclusionsOur results supported the hypothesis that both negative emotions and aberrant salience exacerbate persecutory delusions, rather than being merely the sequelae of the symptoms. Our results suggested both direct and indirect (via aberrant salience) pathways from negative emotions to persecutory delusions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals mHealth-based experience sampling method to identify fatigue in the context of daily life in haemodialysis patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid D H Brys ◽  
Frank Stifft ◽  
Caroline M Van Heugten ◽  
Maurizio Bossola ◽  
Giovanni Gambaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Symptom Variability ◽  
Time Lagged ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background Fatigue in haemodialysis (HD) patients is a prevalent but complex symptom impacted by biological, behavioural, psychological and social variables. Conventional retrospective fatigue questionnaires cannot provide detailed insights into symptom variability in daily life and related factors. The experience sampling methodology (ESM) overcomes these limitations through repeated momentary assessments in patients’ natural environments using digital questionnaires. This study aimed to gain in-depth understanding of HD patients’ diurnal fatigue patterns and related variables using a mobile Health (mHealth) ESM application and sought to better understand the nature of their interrelationships. Methods Forty HD patients used the mHealth ESM application for 7 days to assess momentary fatigue and potentially related variables, including daily activities, self-reported physical activity, social company, location and mood. Results Multilevel regression analyses of momentary observations (n = 1777) revealed that fatigue varied between and within individuals. Fatigue was significantly related to HD treatment days, type of daily activity, mood and sleep quality. Time-lagged analyses showed that HD predicted higher fatigue scores at a later time point (β = 0.22, P = 0.013). Interestingly, higher momentary fatigue also significantly predicted more depressed feelings at a later time point (β = 0.05, P = 0.019) but not the other way around. Conclusions ESM offers novel insights into fatigue in chronic HD patients by capturing informative symptom variability in the flow of daily life. Electronic ESM as a clinical application may help us better understand fatigue in HD patients by providing personalized information about its course and relationship with other variables in daily life, paving the way towards personalized interventions.

The effect of consumer emotions on outcome behaviors following service failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jean Harrison-Walker
Keyword(s):  
Service Failure ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Complaining Behavior ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Outcome Behaviors

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of emotions that consumers experience following service failures and to assess the effects of each of these emotions on important behavioral outcomes. Design/methodology/approach This paper extends the work of Wetzer et al. (2007) and draws upon the existing literature to test a series of research hypotheses tying emotions to four important behavioral outcomes primarily using stepwise regression. Findings When a service failure occurs, customers experience any of a variety of negative emotions. The effect on behavioral outcomes depends on the specific emotion experienced by the consumer. The current research, which benefits by using retrospective experience sampling, finds that frustration is the predominant emotion experienced by customers following service failure, but that anger, regret and frustration affect behavioral outcomes. Uncertainty also plays a role. Research limitations/implications Future research should investigate the antecedents of propensity for emotions and predisposition toward industries, as well as the consequences of word-of-mouth (WOM) praise and WOM activity. Additionally, emotions could be examined by service stage. Several other moderators could be investigated, including severity, complaining behavior, repeat occurrence, service importance, remedies and forgiveness, product vs process failures, tenure, gender and age. Practical implications The current research emphasizes the importance of understanding which emotion is being experienced by a customer following service failure to identify the behavioral outcomes that will be most impacted. The specific managerial implications depend upon the specific emotional response experienced by the customer and are discussed separately for anger, regret and frustration. Service personnel must be trained to recognize and address specific customer emotions rather than to provide a canned or generalized response. Originality/value To date, there has been little, if any, systematic research into the effects of multiple discrete negative emotions on multiple desirable behavioral outcomes. The current study examines six discrete emotions. Predominant emotions are differentiated from emotional intensity. The behavioral outcomes of reconciliation and reduced share-of-wallet are added to the traditional outcomes of repatronage intentions and negative WOM. While existing research tends to rely on a scenario approach, this study uses the retrospective experience sampling method. The authors distinguish between mixed emotions and multiple emotions. The relative effects of disappointment and regret are examined for each of the four outcomes. Finally, importance-performance map analysis was applied to the findings to prioritize managerial attention. Numerous managerial and research implications are identified.

Is autonoetic recollection of threat in PTSD related to impaired inhibitory skills?

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S360-S360
Author(s):  
A.C. Tudorache ◽  
W. El-Hage ◽  
G. Tapia ◽  
N. Goutaudier ◽  
S. Kalenzaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disturbances ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Emotional Words ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Memory Functioning ◽  
Inhibitory Deficits ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionIntrusive traumatic reminiscences are among the most distressing and salient characteristics of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Associated with involuntary onsets, emotional disturbances and consciousness-related impairments, such symptoms suggest that memory functioning could be impaired in PTSD. While there is a growing body of research on experimental assessments of memory in patients with PTSD, inconsistent results remain.ObjectiveUsing an experimental methodology, this study aims to measure memory in PTSD in consideration of central features of intrusive symptoms, especially emotional, inhibitory and consciousness-related memory impairments.Method34 patients diagnosed with PTSD were compared with 37 non-PTSD controls on an item-cued directed forgetting paradigm for emotional words combined with a remember/know recognition procedure.ResultsResults confirmed prior findings of an increased and peculiarly conscious recognition of trauma-related words in PTSD. Interestingly, our results showed that, despite general memory inhibitory deficits, PTSD patients, if requested, presented a preserved ability to inhibit this improved recollection of trauma-related words.ConclusionWhile our findings highlight a biased memory functioning in favour of threatening stimuli in PTSD, inhibitory deficits for such information was not reported to play a role on this effect. Conversely, it seems that instead of inhibitory deficits, patients presented a preferential treatment of threat concordant with vigilant-avoidant models of information processing. Focusing on memory impairment in treatment for PTSD appears of prime importance. Our findings regarding preserved inhibitory skills for threat memories in the disorder could be an interesting clue for therapeutic interventions on intrusive symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Correlation between alterations of inflammatory markers and treatment with atypical antipsychotics in patients diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S422-S422 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Godio ◽  
F. Marino ◽  
M. Preve
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionClinical evidences suggests that cerebral inflammatory processes are involved in the development of major affective disorders [1].Obvious correlations exist between changes of inflammatory markers such as acute-phase protein C (PCR) and VES, in patients with bipolar spectrum diagnosis [2].ObjectivesOur aim is demonstrating the correlations between changes of PCR and VES and pharmacological treatment with atypical antipsychotics in patients with acute bipolar disorder, highlighting a trend.MethodTwenty patients with bipolar disorder were assessed at the entrance (T0), after three weeks (T1) and after six weeks (T2) of hospitalization using specific rating scales and blood tests routines include PCR and VES.ResultsIs possible to appreciate a correlation between the affective phase of bipolar disorder and inflammatory markers with a proportional trend (Table 1).Discussion and conclusionThe scores obtained seem to confirm the effect of antipsychotic in both sense of psychiatric symptomatology reduction and in anti-inflammatory action.A confirmation of a correlation between the resolution of affective disorders and normalization of inflammatory markers confirm the intrinsic anti-inflammatory activity of such drug compounds [3].Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Relapse After First-Episode Psychosis: A 3-Year Follow-Up

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S276-S276
Author(s):  
E. Pereira ◽  
M. Mota Oliveira ◽  
R. Guedes ◽  
M.J. Peixoto ◽  
I. Ferraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Relapse Rates

IntroductionRelapse after first-episode psychosis (FEP) is a frequent problem, which can lead to patients’ poorer functioning and response to treatment. Its prevention is one of the most important and challenging targets in the treatment of psychotic disorders.ObjectivesTo characterize and evaluate relapse rates after FEP, during the course of 3 years, of a group of patients admitted at a psychiatry department.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted. Patients with a FEP between ages 18 to 40, admitted at the Clinic of Psychiatry and Mental Health at São João Hospital Centre between January 1, 2007 and September 30, 2013. Only patients with, at least, 3 years of follow-up at the clinic were included.ResultsFinal sample of 58 patients, 39 of which were male (mean age = 26.4 years). Forty patients were excluded by not completing the 3 years follow-up at our department. The cumulative relapse rates were 32.8% at 12 months, 53.4% at 24 months and 63.8% at 36 months. Patients with at least one relapse were younger (25.78 years vs. 27.52 years) and had shorter periods of first hospitalization (19.25 days vs. 23.52 days). These data did not reach statistical significance. Non-adherence to prescribed medication was described in 73.0% (n = 27) of patients at the time of relapse. Eight of them (21.6%) presented with cannabis use.ConclusionsAlthough no statistical significance was reached, our findings are consistent with other studies. A future study with a bigger sample would be important in achieving statistical significant results.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Stress precedes negative symptom exacerbations in clinical high risk and early psychosis: A time-lagged experience sampling study

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory Gerritsen ◽  
R. Michael Bagby ◽  
Marcos Sanches ◽  
Michael Kiang ◽  
Margaret Maheandiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Negative Symptom ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Early Psychosis ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Time Lagged

scholarly journals Moment-to-moment dynamics between auditory verbal hallucinations and negative affect and the role of beliefs about voices

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Suzanne Ho-wai So ◽  
Lawrence Kin-hei Chung ◽  
Chun-Yu Tse ◽  
Sandra Sau-man Chan ◽  
George Heung-chuen Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Time Lagged ◽  
The Moment

Abstract Background Negative affect (NA) has been suggested to be both an antecedent and a consequence of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). Furthermore, negative appraisals of voices have been theorized to contribute to the maintenance of AVH. Using the experience sampling method (ESM), this study examined the bi-directional relationship between NA and AVH, and the moderating effect of negative beliefs about voices. Methods Forty-seven patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with frequent AVH completed a clinical interview, followed by ESM for 10 times a day over 6 days on an electronic device. Time-lagged analyses were conducted using multilevel regression modeling. Beliefs about voices were assessed at baseline. Results A total of 1654 data points were obtained. NA predicted an increase in AVH in the subsequent moment, and AVH predicted an increase in NA in the subsequent moment. Baseline beliefs about voices as malevolent and omnipotent significantly strengthened the association between NA and AVH within the same moment. In addition, the belief of omnipotence was associated with more hallucinatory experiences in the moment following NA. However, beliefs about voices were not associated directly with momentary levels of NA or AVH. Conclusions Experiences of NA and AVH drove each other, forming a feedback loop that maintained the voices. The associations between NA and AVH, either within the same moment or across moments, were exacerbated by negative beliefs about voices. Our results suggest that affect-improving interventions may stop the feedback loop and reduce AVH frequency.

Erotomania: A case and review

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S611-S611
Author(s):  
A. Almada ◽  
A. Luengo ◽  
P. Casquinha ◽  
M.J. Heitor
Keyword(s):  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Typical Antipsychotic ◽  
Clinical Report ◽  
Persecutory Delusions ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Delusional Belief

IntroductionErotomania (“Clérambault's syndrome”) is a rare syndrome characterized by a delusional belief of being loved by another person, usually of higher social status.ObjectiveThis case report aims to describe and discuss a case of erotomania, providing an updated review on this disorder.MethodsRegular clinical interviews were performed during admission period to collect information about the clinical case and to promote an intervention approach to the patient. A literature review in Science Direct database, with the keyword “erotomania”, was also conducted.ResultsA 51-year-old woman was admitted in Beatriz Ângelo Hospital psychiatric ward with delusional beliefs of being loved by the ex-boss. Positive misperceptions and persecutory delusions regarding her husband as the obstacle for the love were manifested. The lack of insight for the situation and the necessity of treatment created some difficulties. A clinical report and a bibliographic review were made to allow a better understanding about the case and to orient the case evidence based.ConclusionsDespite the evidence about the good response of atypical antipsychotics (e.g. risperidone) in erotomania, in our case study, the partial remission was only achieved with high dose of the old typical antipsychotic, pimozide.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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