Affective attitudes towards health are more ambivalent among older adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S429-S430
Author(s):  
G. Arina ◽  
M. Iosifyan ◽  
L. Pechnikova ◽  
V. Nikolaeva
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Color Test ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Affective Attitudes ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
Attitudinal Ambivalence ◽  
Health Related

IntroductionAttitudinal ambivalence is a mediator between attitudes and health behaviors. The present study contributes to our understanding of affective attitudes ambivalence.ObjectivesWe studied the ambivalence of affective attitudes towards health among adolescents.AimsWe compared the affective attitudes ambivalence between younger (10–14 years) and older (15–16 years) adolescents.MethodsOlder (n = 51, Mage = 15.09 ± 0.30) and younger adolescents (n = 28, Mage = 12.96 ± 0.99) performed a modified Etkind Color Test. We calculated the associations between 13 factors related to health (e.g. sport, risky behavior) and positive emotions, as well as the associations between same factors and negative emotions. Thompson, Zanna and Griffin ambivalence index was a measure of attitudinal ambivalence.ResultsAmong younger adolescents all 13 correlations between negative and positive attitudes towards health related factors were significant and negative: −0.402 < r < −0.804 (which means the greater is the association between a word and positive emotions, the smaller is the association between the same word and negative emotions; and vice versa). Only 5 correlations were significant and negative among older adolescents (−0.209 < r < −0.463): environment, risky behaviors, family, sleep, my psychological well-being.The difference in ambivalence indexes was significant in two groups of adolescents [F(14,64) = 5.97, P = −0.0001]. Younger adolescents had significantly lower ambivalence indexes in affective attitudes towards all 13 factors.ConclusionsOlder adolescents had more ambivalent affective attitudes towards health related factors compared to younger adolescents.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Measuring Affective Attitudes towards Health Among Adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s793-s793
Author(s):  
M. Iosifyan ◽  
G. Arina ◽  
A. Korneev ◽  
A. Ryabova ◽  
V. Nikolaeva
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Semantic Space ◽  
Color Test ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Affective Attitudes ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionAffective attitudes play a significant role in health behaviors. However, comparing to cognitive attitudes, affective attitudes are much less investigated.ObjectivesTo study affective attitudes towards health among adolescents, we measured associations between words related to health and positive/negative emotions.AimsWe used the modified Etkind Color Test (Etkind, 1980) as a new measure of affective attitudes.MethodsSubjects (n = 79, Mage = 14.34 ± 1.21, 35 males) ranked 8 colors from Lüscher's color test (1971) from best to least associated with each of 13 words related to health (e.g. sport, risky behaviors) and 6 words related to positive and negative emotions. To calculate an association between an emotion and a health-related word we used a scoring algorithm, similar to Palmer's and colleagues MCA score (Palmer et al., 2013).ResultsMeans of associations between words and positive emotions were assessed: my body (0.74 ± 2.02), environment (1.17 ± 1.82), eating (1.23 ± 1.98), health (1.60 ± 1.78), risky behaviors (−1.14 ± 2.14), family (2.13 ± 2.00), sport (2.02 ± 1.86), sleep (0.74 ± 1.85), school stress (−0.95 ± 1.89), hygiene (0.91 ± 1.85), medicine (0.61 ± 1.95), psychological well-being (1.11 ± 2.24), illness (−0.43 ± 1.39). Positive emotions had inverse relation with risk behaviors, illness and school stress and direct relation with the rest 10 factors.All correlations between negative and positive attitudes towards health related words were significant and negative (−.223 < r < 559), except two (medicine and illness).ConclusionsThe modified Etkind Color Test describes semantic space of affective attitudes towards health. It showed that adolescents mostly did not have ambivalent attitudes towards health related factors.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals The Experience of Empathy in Everyday Life

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762199520
Author(s):  
Gregory John Depow ◽  
Zoë Francis ◽  
Michael Inzlicht
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Trait Empathy

We used experience sampling to examine perceptions of empathy in the everyday lives of a group of 246 U.S. adults who were quota sampled to represent the population on key demographics. Participants reported an average of about nine opportunities to empathize per day; these experiences were positively associated with prosocial behavior, a relationship not found with trait measures. Although much of the literature focuses on the distress of strangers, in everyday life, people mostly empathize with very close others, and they empathize with positive emotions 3 times as frequently as with negative emotions. Although trait empathy was negatively associated only with well-being, empathy in daily life was generally associated with increased well-being. Theoretically distinct components of empathy—emotion sharing, perspective taking, and compassion—typically co-occur in everyday empathy experiences. Finally, empathy in everyday life was higher for women and the religious but not significantly lower for conservatives and the wealthy.

scholarly journals Temporal dependency of emotional states at work and its relationship with dynamic performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelina De Longis ◽  
Guido Alessandri
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Emotion Dynamics ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
And Performance

Emotion dynamics, how people’s emotions fluctuate across time, represent a key source of information about people’s psychological functioning and well-being. Investigating emotion dynamics in the workplace is particularly relevant, as affective experiences are intimately connected to organizational behavior and effectiveness. In this study, we examined the moderating role of emotional inertia in the dynamic association between both positive and negative emotions and self-rated job performance among a sample of 120 Italian workers (average age 41.4, SD = 14), which were prompted six times per day, for five working days. Emotional inertia refers to the extent that emotional states are self-predictive or carry on over time and is measured in terms of the autocorrelation of emotional states across time. Although inertia has been linked to several indicators of maladjustment, little is known about its correlates in terms of organizational behavior. Findings revealed that workers reporting high levels of positive emotions and high inertia rated their performance lower than workers high in positive emotions, but low in inertia. In contrast, the relation between negative emotions and performance was not significant for either high levels of inertia or low levels of inertia. Taken together, these results suggest the relevance of investigating the temporal dependency of emotional states at work.

Well-being of North Eastern Migrant Workers in Bangalore

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Divya Pradeep ◽  
K. C. Adaina ◽  
Sonia Kahmei
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
North East ◽  
Material Conditions

This paper explores the quality of life and subjective well-being of north-east migrant workers engaged in various formal and informal jobs in Bangalore. The composite well-being index reveals moderate well-being for the majority of workers. The disaggregated analysis, however, shows poor material conditions of life. Using the Day Reconstruction Method, we also find positive emotions associated with activities such as socialising but negative emotions for work and commuting. With respect to interacting partners, the negative emotions were highest while dealing with clients and customers. We also found positive correlations between life satisfaction and quality of life indicators, most strongly, with job quality. Lower quality of jobs, reported by women in comparison to men, suggests that organisations should aim to create more equal and enabling work spaces for all genders.

scholarly journals A Test of Resilience Theory in the Context of a Global Crisis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C Willroth ◽  
Angela Moriah Smith ◽  
Dan Mroczek ◽  
Eileen Kranz Graham ◽  
amanda shallcross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Resilience Theory ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Total N ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Resilient Response

Major stressors often challenge emotional well-being—increasing negative emotions and decreasing positive emotions. But how long do these emotional hits last? Prior theory and research contain conflicting views. Some research suggests that most individuals’ emotional well-being will return to, or even surpass, baseline levels relatively quickly. Others have challenged this view, arguing that this type of resilient response is uncommon. The present research provides a strong test of resilience theory by examining emotional trajectories over the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic. In two pre-registered longitudinal studies conducted in diverse U.S. samples (total N =1,147), we examined overall emotional trajectories and predictors of individual differences in emotional trajectories across 13 waves of data from February through September 2020. The pandemic had immediate detrimental effects on emotional well-being. Negative emotions decreased across six months, with the greatest improvements occurring almost immediately. Yet, positive emotions remained depleted relative to baseline levels, illustrating the limits of resilience. Individuals also differed substantially around these normative emotional trajectories and these individual differences were predicted by socio-demographic characteristics and stress exposure. We discuss three theoretical implications of the present investigation: (1) The extent to which resilience is normative depends on the outcome and the context. (2) Individual differences in resilience are large and complex, suggesting that broad claims that resilience is “ubiquitous” or “rare” may not be useful. (3) Resilience is multiply-determined and embedded within societal contexts that influence who experiences stress as well as who has access to resources to respond to stress.

scholarly journals The Complex Role of Discrete Emotions in Successful Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 626-626
Author(s):  
Jeremy Hamm ◽  
Carsten Wrosch
Keyword(s):  
Successful Aging ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Empathic Accuracy ◽  
Discrete Emotions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Positive And Negative Emotions

Abstract Research shows that emotions play an important role in successful aging. However, previous studies have largely focused on the implications of dimensional indicators of emotion, such as positive and negative affect. This approach may fail to capture important distinctions between discrete emotions such as sadness, loneliness, calmness, and empathy that could become more or less adaptive with age. The present studies adopt a discrete emotion perspective to examine age-related changes in the consequences of different positive and negative emotions for successful aging. Drawing from an evolutionary-functionalist perspective, Haase, Wu, Verstaen, and Levenson investigate whether sadness becomes more salient and adaptive in old age using a multi-method approach. Lee, Lay, Mahmood, Graf, and Hoppmann address the seemingly contradictory consequences of loneliness by examining how state- and trait-loneliness interact to predict older adults’ prosocial behaviors. Hamm, Wrosch, Barlow, and Kunzmann use two studies to examine the diverging salience and 10-year health consequences of discrete positive emotions posited to motivate rest and recovery (calmness) or pursuit of novelty and stimulation (excitement). Barlow and Mauss study the co-occurrence of discrete emotions and their age-dependent associations with well-being using an adult lifespan sample. Finally, Wieck, Katzorreck, Gerstorf, Schilling, Lücke, and Kunzmann examine lifespan changes in the adaptive function of empathy by assessing the extent to which empathic accuracy protects against stress-reactivity as people age. This symposium thus integrates new research on the role of discrete positive and negative emotions and will contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex relationships between emotions and successful aging.

scholarly journals Age and Emotional Distress during COVID-19: Findings from Two Waves of the Norwegian Citizen Panel

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9568
Author(s):  
Line I. Berge ◽  
Marie H. Gedde ◽  
Bettina S. Husebo ◽  
Ane Erdal ◽  
Camilla Kjellstadli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
Sum Score ◽  
Health Related ◽  
One Year

Older adults face the highest risk of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. We investigated a one-year change in emotions and factors associated with emotional distress immediately after the onset of the pandemic, with emphasis on older age. Methods: The online Norwegian Citizen Panel includes participants drawn randomly from the Norwegian Population Registry. Emotional distress was defined as the sum score of negative (anxious, worried, sad or low, irritated, and lonely) minus positive emotions (engaged, calm and relaxed, happy). Results: Respondents to both surveys (n = 967) reported a one-year increase in emotional distress, mainly driven by elevated anxiety and worrying, but we found no difference in change by age. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression comparing older age, economy-, and health-related factors showed that persons in their 60s (ß −1.87 (95%CI: −3.71, −0.04)) and 70s/80s (ß: −2.58 (−5.00, −0–17)) had decreased risk of emotional distress relative to persons under 60 years. Female gender (2.81 (1.34, 4.28)), expecting much lower income (5.09 (2.00, 8.17)), uncertainty whether infected with SARS-Cov2 (2.92 (1.21, 4.63)), and high self-rated risk of infection (1.77 (1.01, 2.53)) were associated with high levels of emotional distress. Conclusions: Knowledge of national determinants of distress is crucial to tailor accurate public health interventions in future outbreaks.

scholarly journals Feeling the emotions, finding the resources: a pathway toward balanced parenting?

Aula Abierta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-814
Author(s):  
Alessandro Pepe ◽  
Elisabetta Biffi ◽  
Eleonora Farina
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotion Management ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
General Distress ◽  
Personal Perceptions ◽  
Multiple Levels

The pandemic made childcare a major challenge for parents globally, both in the short and longer term. In this context, it is plausible that emotions and general distress experienced by parents have had an impact at multiple levels in their relationships with their children, potentially increasing their vulnerability. The present study focuses on the analysis of the prevailing emotions of Italian parents during the first lockdown, investigating possible associations with personal perceptions of well-being and readiness to cope with the emergency situation. 319 parents (93% mothers) answered to a semi-structured computer assisted web interview (CAWI; Kurniawan, 2018). The answers showed that parents went through intense emotions, both negative, like worry and anxiety (39.2% named only negative emotions and 32% negative emotions as prevalent) and positive emotional, like hope, serenity and joy (7.8% indicated only positive emotions and 9.5% positive emotions as prevalent). Parents’ perceived positive emotions have proved to be important resources linked to a higher level of personal well-being and the perception of being adequately equipped to deal with an emergency. Emotion management emerged as a key area affecting parents’ way of relating with their children during the strict lockdown: parents declared their need to be supported in building a positive emotional relationship with their children in a stressing situation, highlighting a difficulty in cope with and communicate their own emotionality.

scholarly journals Perceived gender discrimination at work and subsequent long-term sickness absence among Finnish employed women

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-316
Author(s):  
Marjut Pietiläinen ◽  
Jouko Nätti ◽  
Satu Ojala
Keyword(s):  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Rate Ratios

Abstract Background Discrimination has many kinds of consequences for employees and their well-being. This is an important aspect when considering certain issues, such as the need to prolong working careers. The objective of this study is to investigate the association of perceived gender discrimination at work with subsequent long-term sickness absence among Finnish employed women. Methods We used a representative sample of Finnish employed women (n = 8000) merged with register-based follow-up data. We examined the relationships of control variables with gender discrimination using cross tabulation, and the relationships of the controls with subsequent sickness absences were examined using analyses of variance. The effects of gender discrimination on long-term sickness absence were analysed using a negative binomial model. Results Perceived gender discrimination increased long-term sickness absence among employed women after controlling for age discrimination, various background, work and health-related factors. Employed women reporting perceived gender discrimination had a 1.4-times higher incidence rate ratios (IRR) of long-term sickness absence than those not reporting perceived gender discrimination. The association was strongest among upper-level socioeconomic group (IRR 2.2) in the adjusted model. Conclusions Our findings suggest that gender discrimination at work is a risk factor for long sickness absence among women. Therefore, it is essential to increase awareness and prevention of discrimination to reduce negative gender-based treatment at work.

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