scholarly journals Temporal dependency of emotional states at work and its relationship with dynamic performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelina De Longis ◽  
Guido Alessandri
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Emotion Dynamics ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
And Performance

Emotion dynamics, how people’s emotions fluctuate across time, represent a key source of information about people’s psychological functioning and well-being. Investigating emotion dynamics in the workplace is particularly relevant, as affective experiences are intimately connected to organizational behavior and effectiveness. In this study, we examined the moderating role of emotional inertia in the dynamic association between both positive and negative emotions and self-rated job performance among a sample of 120 Italian workers (average age 41.4, SD = 14), which were prompted six times per day, for five working days. Emotional inertia refers to the extent that emotional states are self-predictive or carry on over time and is measured in terms of the autocorrelation of emotional states across time. Although inertia has been linked to several indicators of maladjustment, little is known about its correlates in terms of organizational behavior. Findings revealed that workers reporting high levels of positive emotions and high inertia rated their performance lower than workers high in positive emotions, but low in inertia. In contrast, the relation between negative emotions and performance was not significant for either high levels of inertia or low levels of inertia. Taken together, these results suggest the relevance of investigating the temporal dependency of emotional states at work.

scholarly journals Emotions in Organizations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Discrete Emotions ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Organizational Life ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Emotions In The Workplace

There has been an “affective revolution” in organizational behavior since the mid-1990s, focusing initially on moods and affective dispositions. The past decade has seen a further shift toward investigating the complex roles played by discrete emotions in the workplace. Discrete emotions such as fear, anger, boredom, love, gratitude, and pride have their own appraisal antecedents, subjective experiences, and action tendencies that prepare people to respond to their current situation. Emotions have intrapersonal effects on the person experiencing them in terms of attention, motivation, creativity, information processing and judgment, and well-being. Some emotions have characteristic voice tones or facial expressions that serve the interpersonal function of communicating one’s state to interaction partners. For this reason, emotions are integral to social processes in organizations such as leadership, teamwork, negotiation, and customer service. The effects of emotions on behavior can be complex and context-dependent rather than straightforwardly mechanistic. Individuals may regulate the emotions they experience, the extent to which they display what they feel, and the actions they choose in response to how they feel. Research has tended to focus on negative emotions (e.g., anger or anxiety) and their potential negative effects (e.g., aggression or avoidance), but negative emotions can sometimes have positive consequences. Discrete positive emotions have been relatively ignored in organizational research but feeling and expressing positive emotions often have positive consequences. There is considerable scope for investigating the ways in which specific discrete emotions are experienced, regulated, expressed, and acted upon in organizational life. There may also be a case for intentional efforts by organizations and employees to increase the occurrence of positive emotions at work.

scholarly journals Bienestar emocional en la vejez avanzada: estudio comparativo por edad y género

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Belén Navarro ◽  
Belén Bueno Martínez ◽  
José Buz Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Very Old ◽  
And Gender

Resumen: En la vejez avanzada, los estados emocionales se convierten en el motivo más importante para mantener la satisfacción con la vida. En este estudio se ha examinado el papel de las emociones positivas y negativas sobre el juicio de satisfacción vital en la vejez avanzada, así como las diferencias de edad y género en una muestra de 400 personas muy mayores de Salamanca, con edades comprendidas entre los 75 y 104 años. Los resultados muestran una mayor frecuencia de emociones positivas, siendo las más frecuentes estar atento, sentirse activo y fuerte y, las menos frecuentes, estar entusiasmado e inspirado. Entre los sentimientos negativos más frecuentes destacan sentirse inquieto, expectante y nervioso, y como menos frecuentes sentirse culpable, hostil y avergonzado. Además, aparecen diferencias de edad (quienes tienen entre 75 y 84 años se sienten más activos, entusiasmados e inspirados) y de género (las mujeres muy mayores se sienten más inquietas, nerviosas, orgullosas, temerosas, asustadas y perturbadas). Por otra parte, el análisis de regresión múltiple pone de manifiesto que permanecer animado, alegre, vigilante y alerta frente a los sucesos resulta funcional en el mantenimiento de la satisfacción vital de las personas de 75 y más años. Estos resultados confirman que las emociones positivas son un recurso potencial para la resiliencia psicológica en la vejez avanzada. Emotional well-being in advanced old age: comparative study by age and gender Abstract: In very old age, emotional states become the most important reason to maintain life satisfaction. In this study we examined the role of positive and negative emotions on the judgment of life satisfaction in advanced old age and the age and gender differences in a sample of 400 elderly people of Salamanca, aged between 75 and 104. The results show a higher frequency of positive emotions than negative, with the most frequent of the former being attentive, active and strong, and the less frequent ones being excited and inspired. Among the more frequent negative emotions are feeling jittery, nervous and alert, and the less frequent ones are feeling guilty, hostile and ashamed. In addition, there are differences in terms of both age (people aged between 75 and 84 are more active, enthusiastic and inspired) and gender (very old women are more jittery, nervous, proud, afraid, scared and upset). Moreover, multiple regression analysis showed that remaining lively, happy, interested and alert to events is essential for maintaining the life satisfaction of people aged over 75. These results confirm that positive emotions are a potential resource for psychological resilience in advanced old age.

scholarly journals The Experience of Empathy in Everyday Life

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762199520
Author(s):  
Gregory John Depow ◽  
Zoë Francis ◽  
Michael Inzlicht
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Trait Empathy

We used experience sampling to examine perceptions of empathy in the everyday lives of a group of 246 U.S. adults who were quota sampled to represent the population on key demographics. Participants reported an average of about nine opportunities to empathize per day; these experiences were positively associated with prosocial behavior, a relationship not found with trait measures. Although much of the literature focuses on the distress of strangers, in everyday life, people mostly empathize with very close others, and they empathize with positive emotions 3 times as frequently as with negative emotions. Although trait empathy was negatively associated only with well-being, empathy in daily life was generally associated with increased well-being. Theoretically distinct components of empathy—emotion sharing, perspective taking, and compassion—typically co-occur in everyday empathy experiences. Finally, empathy in everyday life was higher for women and the religious but not significantly lower for conservatives and the wealthy.

Pre-performance emotions and music performance anxiety beliefs in young musicians

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Kaleńska-Rodzaj
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Guided Imagery ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Performance Anxiety ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Music Performance Anxiety ◽  
Practical Implications

The aim of this study is to investigate the structure and complexity of emotional states experienced by young musicians before entering the stage and to explain the influence of emotional beliefs on their pre-performance emotions. Emotions were elicited with a guided imagery induction, where 222 students aged 9- to 12-years-old recalled their most recent concert memory. They described their emotions on the list of 18 emotions (nine pairs of contrary emotions) and answered three questions measuring music performance anxiety (MPA) beliefs: MPA utility beliefs, MPA regulation beliefs, and audience attitude beliefs. The cluster analysis results show the complexity and multiplicity of emotional states reported by young musicians. Five emotional profiles vary from negative emotions of fear and sadness (High MPA) through a mixture of positive and negative emotions (Moderate MPA, Hesitation, Ambivalence) to positive emotions of confidence, courage and happiness (Composure-Confidence). Beliefs that MPA has negative impact on performance, beliefs of inefficacy in managing MPA and perceived audience pressure rather than support were related to High and Moderate MPA profiles. Practical implications for music education are discussed.

Well-being of North Eastern Migrant Workers in Bangalore

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Divya Pradeep ◽  
K. C. Adaina ◽  
Sonia Kahmei
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
North East ◽  
Material Conditions

This paper explores the quality of life and subjective well-being of north-east migrant workers engaged in various formal and informal jobs in Bangalore. The composite well-being index reveals moderate well-being for the majority of workers. The disaggregated analysis, however, shows poor material conditions of life. Using the Day Reconstruction Method, we also find positive emotions associated with activities such as socialising but negative emotions for work and commuting. With respect to interacting partners, the negative emotions were highest while dealing with clients and customers. We also found positive correlations between life satisfaction and quality of life indicators, most strongly, with job quality. Lower quality of jobs, reported by women in comparison to men, suggests that organisations should aim to create more equal and enabling work spaces for all genders.

scholarly journals The effect of ensemble and solo performance on affective experiences induced by music

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Labbé ◽  
Donald Glowinski ◽  
Didier Grandjean
Keyword(s):  
String Quartet ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Solo Performance ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Instrumental Texture

Scherer and Zentner (2001) propose that affective experiences might be the product of a multiplicative function between structural, performance, listener, and contextual related features. Yet research on the effects of structure, and particularly texture, has mostly focused on perceived emotions. We therefore sought to test the effects of structural features on subjective musical experiences in a listening study by manipulating the performance, solo versus ensemble, of five segments of a piece for string quartet, while also exploring the impact of listener features such as musical training, listening habits and stable dispositions such as empathy. We found that participants ( N = 144, 78% female; Mage = 22.74 years, SD = 5.13) felt like moving more (ME) and perceived their physiological rhythms change more (VE) during ensemble compared to solo conditions. Moreover, ME significantly predicted positive emotions, such as Wonder and Power, while VE significantly predicted both positive and negative emotions, such as Tension and Nostalgia. We also found direct main and interaction effects of both segment and performance factors on all four emotion models. We believe these results support Scherer and Zentner’s model and show the importance of considering the interaction between compositional and instrumental texture when studying music-induced emotions.

Adaptive Approaches to Competition: Challenge Appraisals and Positive Emotion

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Skinner ◽  
Neil Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Cognitive Appraisal ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Adaptive Consequences ◽  
And Training ◽  
Adaptive Approaches

The influence of negative emotions such as anxiety on athletes’ preparation and performance has been studied extensively. The focus of this review is on more adaptive approaches to competition such as the experience of positive emotion and beneficial perceptions of emotion. Evidence on the antecedents and adaptive consequences of positive emotions is reviewed, and implications for research and practice in a sport context are suggested. We focus on the cognitive appraisal of challenge as a significant antecedent of both positive emotion and beneficial perceptions of emotion. A theoretical model of beneficial and harmful perceptions of emotion is presented which incorporates appraisals of challenge, coping expectancies, and valence (positive vs. negative) of emotion. Research that supports the model is reviewed, and implications for research, coaching, and training in the sport context are suggested.

scholarly journals A Test of Resilience Theory in the Context of a Global Crisis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C Willroth ◽  
Angela Moriah Smith ◽  
Dan Mroczek ◽  
Eileen Kranz Graham ◽  
amanda shallcross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Resilience Theory ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Total N ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Resilient Response

Major stressors often challenge emotional well-being—increasing negative emotions and decreasing positive emotions. But how long do these emotional hits last? Prior theory and research contain conflicting views. Some research suggests that most individuals’ emotional well-being will return to, or even surpass, baseline levels relatively quickly. Others have challenged this view, arguing that this type of resilient response is uncommon. The present research provides a strong test of resilience theory by examining emotional trajectories over the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic. In two pre-registered longitudinal studies conducted in diverse U.S. samples (total N =1,147), we examined overall emotional trajectories and predictors of individual differences in emotional trajectories across 13 waves of data from February through September 2020. The pandemic had immediate detrimental effects on emotional well-being. Negative emotions decreased across six months, with the greatest improvements occurring almost immediately. Yet, positive emotions remained depleted relative to baseline levels, illustrating the limits of resilience. Individuals also differed substantially around these normative emotional trajectories and these individual differences were predicted by socio-demographic characteristics and stress exposure. We discuss three theoretical implications of the present investigation: (1) The extent to which resilience is normative depends on the outcome and the context. (2) Individual differences in resilience are large and complex, suggesting that broad claims that resilience is “ubiquitous” or “rare” may not be useful. (3) Resilience is multiply-determined and embedded within societal contexts that influence who experiences stress as well as who has access to resources to respond to stress.

scholarly journals The Complex Role of Discrete Emotions in Successful Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 626-626
Author(s):  
Jeremy Hamm ◽  
Carsten Wrosch
Keyword(s):  
Successful Aging ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Empathic Accuracy ◽  
Discrete Emotions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Positive And Negative Emotions

Abstract Research shows that emotions play an important role in successful aging. However, previous studies have largely focused on the implications of dimensional indicators of emotion, such as positive and negative affect. This approach may fail to capture important distinctions between discrete emotions such as sadness, loneliness, calmness, and empathy that could become more or less adaptive with age. The present studies adopt a discrete emotion perspective to examine age-related changes in the consequences of different positive and negative emotions for successful aging. Drawing from an evolutionary-functionalist perspective, Haase, Wu, Verstaen, and Levenson investigate whether sadness becomes more salient and adaptive in old age using a multi-method approach. Lee, Lay, Mahmood, Graf, and Hoppmann address the seemingly contradictory consequences of loneliness by examining how state- and trait-loneliness interact to predict older adults’ prosocial behaviors. Hamm, Wrosch, Barlow, and Kunzmann use two studies to examine the diverging salience and 10-year health consequences of discrete positive emotions posited to motivate rest and recovery (calmness) or pursuit of novelty and stimulation (excitement). Barlow and Mauss study the co-occurrence of discrete emotions and their age-dependent associations with well-being using an adult lifespan sample. Finally, Wieck, Katzorreck, Gerstorf, Schilling, Lücke, and Kunzmann examine lifespan changes in the adaptive function of empathy by assessing the extent to which empathic accuracy protects against stress-reactivity as people age. This symposium thus integrates new research on the role of discrete positive and negative emotions and will contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex relationships between emotions and successful aging.

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