scholarly journals Evaluation of Tools to Assess Psychological Distress: How to Measure Psychological Stress Reactions in Citizen Responders– A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Rolin Kragh ◽  
Fredrik Folke ◽  
Linn Andelius ◽  
Emma Slebsager Ries ◽  
Rasmus Vedby Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Dispatched citizen responders are increasingly involved in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) resuscitation which can lead to severe stress. It is unknown which psychological assessment tools are most appropriate to evaluate psychological distress in this population. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate existing assessment tools used to measure psychological distress with emphasis on citizen responders who attempted resuscitation. Methods A systematic literature search conducted by two reviewers was carried out in March 2018 and revised in July 2018. Four databases were searched: PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, and The Social Sciences Citation Index. A total of 504 studies examining assessment tools to measure psychological distress reactions after acute traumatic events were identified, and 9 fulfilled the inclusion criteria for further analysis. The selected studies were assessed for methodological quality using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Results The Impact of Event Scale (IES) and The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) were the preferred assessment tools, and were used on diverse populations exposed to various traumatic events. One study included lay rescuers performing bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and this study used the IES. The IES and the IES-R also have proven a high validity in various other populations. The Clinical administered PTSD scale (CAPS) was applied in two studies. Though the CAPS is comparable to both the IES-R and the IES, the CAPS assess PTSD symptoms in general and not in relation to a specific experienced event, which makes the scale less suitable when measuring stress due to a specific resuscitation attempt. Conclusions The IES and the IES-R seem to be solid measures for psychological distress among people experiencing an acute psychological traumatic event. However, only one study has assessed psychological distress among citizen responders in OHCA for which the IES-R scale was used, and therefore, further research on this topic is warranted.

scholarly journals Evaluation of tools to assess psychological distress: how to measure psychological stress reactions in citizen responders– a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Rolin Kragh ◽  
Fredrik Folke ◽  
Linn Andelius ◽  
Emma Slebsager Ries ◽  
Rasmus Vedby Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Dispatched citizen responders are increasingly involved in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) resuscitation which can lead to severe stress. It is unknown which psychological assessment tools are most appropriate to evaluate psychological distress in this population. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate existing assessment tools used to measure psychological distress with emphasis on citizen responders who attempted resuscitation. Methods A systematic literature search conducted by two reviewers was carried out in March 2018 and revised in July 2018. Four databases were searched: PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, and The Social Sciences Citation Index. A total of 504 studies examining assessment tools to measure psychological distress reactions after acute traumatic events were identified, and 9 fulfilled the inclusion criteria for further analysis. The selected studies were assessed for methodological quality using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Results The Impact of Event Scale (IES) and The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) were the preferred assessment tools, and were used on diverse populations exposed to various traumatic events. One study included lay rescuers performing bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and this study used the IES. The IES and the IES-R also have proven a high validity in various other populations. The Clinical administered PTSD scale (CAPS) was applied in two studies. Though the CAPS is comparable to both the IES-R and the IES, the CAPS assess PTSD symptoms in general and not in relation to a specific experienced event, which makes the scale less suitable when measuring stress due to a specific resuscitation attempt. Conclusions The IES and the IES-R seem to be solid measures for psychological distress among people experiencing an acute psychological traumatic event. However, only one study has assessed psychological distress among citizen responders in OHCA for which the IES-R scale was used, and therefore, further research on this topic is warranted.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tools to Assess Psychological Distress: How to Measure Psychological Stress Reactions in Citizen Responders– A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Rolin Kragh ◽  
Fredrik Folke ◽  
Linn Andelius ◽  
Emma Slebsager Ries ◽  
Rasmus Vedby Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Dispatched citizen responders are increasingly involved in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) resuscitation which can lead to severe stress. It is unknown which psychological assessment tools are most appropriate to evaluate psychological distress in this population. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate existing assessment tools used to measure psychological distress with emphasis on citizen responders who attempted resuscitation. Methods A systematic literature search conducted by two reviewers was carried out in March 2018 and revised in July 2018. Four databases were searched: PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, and The Social Sciences Citation Index. A total of 504 studies examining assessment tools to measure psychological distress reactions after acute traumatic events were identified, and 9 fulfilled the inclusion criteria for further analysis. The selected studies were assessed for methodological quality using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Results The Impact of Event Scale (IES) and The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) were the preferred assessment tools, and were used on diverse populations exposed to various traumatic events. One study included lay rescuers performing bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and this study used the IES. The IES and the IES-R also have proven a high validity in various other populations. The Clinical administered PTSD scale (CAPS) was applied in two studies. Though the CAPS is comparable to both the IES-R and the IES, the CAPS assess PTSD symptoms in general and not in relation to a specific experienced event, which makes the scale less suitable when measuring stress due to a specific resuscitation attempt. Conclusions The IES and the IES-R seem to be solid measures for psychological distress among people experiencing an acute psychological traumatic event. However, only one study has assessed psychological distress among citizen responders in OHCA for which the IES-R scale was used, and therefore, further research on this topic is warranted.

The impact of bereavement support on psychological distress in family members: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-233
Author(s):  
*Louise I Rait ◽  
◽  
*Nikki Y Yeo ◽  
*Equal first authors ◽  
Yasmine Ali Abdelhamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Bereavement Support ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Bereaved Family ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: Persistent psychological distress occurs frequently in family members of patients who die in an intensive care unit (ICU). OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of bereavement interventions in reducing persisting psychological distress in bereaved family members after death in an adult ICU. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that assessed the effect of bereavement interventions on persisting psychological distress in bereaved family members of ICU patients. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE and APA Psycinfo databases were searched until April 2020. REVIEW METHODS: Two of us independently screened titles and abstracts of identified studies, and then completed full text evaluation of selected studies. We assessed risk of bias using version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, which is designed to assess the quality of non-randomised studies in meta-analyses. We also used random effects meta-analysis to assess the effect of various interventions on total Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores. RESULTS: From 664 citations, five studies were included — three multicentre randomised clinical trials and two single centre observational studies. Three studies tested the intervention of written bereavement support materials and two studies used narration of family members' experiences in the ICU. All studies reported HADS scores. Scores for Impact of Event Scale, Impact of Event Scale–Revised and Inventory of Complicated Grief were measured in some but not all studies. There was no effect of an intervention on HADS scores (weighted mean difference, −0.79 [95% confidence interval, −3.81 to 2.23]; Ι2 = 65.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Owing to limited data, and clinical and statistical heterogeneity, there is considerable uncertainty regarding whether bereavement support strategies reduce, increase or have no effect on psychological distress in bereaved family members.

scholarly journals Impact of Event Scale: psychometric properties

2002 ◽  
Vol 180 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva C. Sundin ◽  
Mardi J. Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundFor more than 20 years, the Impact of Event Scale (IES) has been widely used as a measure of stress reactions after traumatic events.AimsTo review studies that evaluated the IES's psychometric properties.MethodLiterature review.ResultsThe results indicated that the IES's two-factor structure is stable over different types of events, that it can discriminate between stress reactions at different times after the event, and that it has convergent validity with observer-diagnosed post-traumatic stress disorder. The use of IES in many psychopharmacological trials and outcome studies is supportive of the measure's clinical relevance.ConclusionsThe IES is a useful measure of stress reactions after a range of traumatic events, and it is valuable for detecting individuals who require treatment.

scholarly journals Offense Situation Experience as a Traumatic Event Among Adolescents Being in Conflict with the Law

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-83
Author(s):  
A. Velikotskaya ◽  
K.D. Khlomov ◽  
S.N. Enikolopov ◽  
A. Efremov
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Scale Assessment ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact

Present article describes the results of the study of the experience of the situation of the offense by adolescents who have come into conflict with the law as a traumatic event. The study involved 129 adolescents 15-17 years. The target group included 31 15-16-year-olds on probation and 33 17-year-olds serving sentences in the Mozhaisk educational colony. The control group consisted of 32 teenagers 15 years 33 teenagers 17 and 32 students 21-23 years. The study carried out using the technique of Scale assessment of the impact of traumatic events (Impact of Event Scale-R, IES-R). The results obtained describe how adolescents, which committed a crime, perceive the situation of the offense, especially if it was associated with causing significant physical harm to a particular person. Adolescents serving sentences in a colony experience the most intense feelings about the situation of the offence, and their experiences are traumatic.

Psychological distress in Afghan journalists: a descriptive study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Jonas Osmann ◽  
Abdul Mujeeb Khalvatgar ◽  
Anthony Feinstein
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Afghanistan is one of the world’s most dangerous places for journalists. There are, however, no data on the mental health of Afghan journalists covering conflict in their country. The study aims to determine the degree to which Afghan journalists are exposed to traumatic events, their perceptions of organizational support, their rates of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, their utilization of mental health services and the effectiveness of the treatment received. Design/methodology/approach The entire study was undertaken in Dari (Farsi). Five major Afghan news organizations representing 104 journalists took part of whom 71 (68%) completed a simple eleven-point analog scale rating perceptions of organizational support. Symptoms of PTSD and depression were recorded with the Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R) and the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), respectively. Behavioral comparisons were undertaken between those journalists who had and had not received mental health therapy. Findings The majority of journalists exceeded cutoff scores for PTSD and major depression and reported high rates for exposure to traumatic events. There were no significant differences in IES-R and CES-D scores between journalists who had and had not received mental health therapy. Most journalists did not view their employers as supportive. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to collect empirical data on the mental health of Afghan journalists. The results highlight the extreme stressors confronted by them, their correspondingly high levels of psychopathology and the relative ineffectiveness of mental health therapy given to a minority of those in distress. The implications of these findings are discussed.

RESIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF IRAQI AGGRESSION ON KUWAITI CHILDREN

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Al-Shatti
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Kuwaiti Children ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the effects of Iraqi aggression on the feeling and thought processes of Kuwaiti children. An Arabic version of the Impact of Event Scale (Horowhitz et al., 1979) was administered to 465 school children (195 boys and 270 girls) between 10 and 16 years of age. The results indicate that a subjective stress syndrome still persists in the thought and feeling processes of Kuwaiti children although in much lower degree than the Lebanese children as found by Al-Adsani (1990). Girls showed more stress reactions than boys.

Deficits in Mentalization Predict Suicide Risk Among Psychiatric Inpatients

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S264-S265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pompili ◽  
M. Innamorati ◽  
D. Erbuto ◽  
M. Amore ◽  
P. Girardi
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionSuicide is a major public health issue.ObjectivesMentalization is a form of imaginative mental activity about others or oneself that may shed light on the phenomenology of suicide.AimsTo assess the role of a number of variables in suicide risk.MethodsParticipants were 156 (73 men and 83 women) adult psychiatric inpatients (age range = 18/74 year). Most of the patients had a major mood disorder (26.3% BD-I, 3.2% BD-II, and 11.5 MDD), psychosis (16.7%), or a schizoaffective disorder (20.5%). All the patients were administered the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for assessing diagnosis and suicide risk, and the Impact of event scale, Mentalization Questionnaire, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Some patients (18.6%) were admitted for a recent suicide attempt and 34.6% had attempted suicide in the past.ResultsAt the MINI, 44.9% of the patients resulted at a moderate to high risk of suicide, and 55.1% at no or low risk of suicide with no difference for sociodemographic variables (sex and age) and diagnosis, but they differed for mentalization and symptoms of intrusions and avoidance caused by a traumatic event. Groups also did not differ for self-reported childhood trauma. Only mentalization was independently associated with higher suicide risk, and patients with moderate to severe risk of suicide were 1.7 times more likely to report more mentalization deficits than those with no or low risk of suicide.ConclusionsOur study supports the notion that the investigation of mentalization among patients may help in proper assessment of suicide risk.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional survey of psychological distress in a Mexican sample during the second phase of the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldebarán Toledo-Fernández ◽  
Diana Betancourt-Ocampo ◽  
Héctor Romo-Parra ◽  
Ernesto Reyes-Zamorano ◽  
Alejandro González-González
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Baseline Measure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
The Impact

The objectives of this study were to describe severity of psychological distress (event-related stress, anxiety, and depression) during the second stage of COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico, and to explore associations between the indicators of psychological distress, sociodemographic characteristics and specific concerns about COVID-19. This report serves as a baseline measure of a longitudinal project to evaluate progression of psychological distress across stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. An online survey was conducted in the State of Mexico from April 8th -18th, 2020, in a sample of men and women who are beneficiaries of a welfare institution in the region. Variables were measured with the Impact of Event Scale-6, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, General Anxiety Disoder-7, and a questionnaire of concerns about COVID-19. A total of 5974 participants were analyzed. Moderate levels of psychological distress (with 23.6% of participants meeting significant event-related stress, but mild levels of depression and anxiety) were found, as well as high values in all concerns about COVID-19, especially regarding financial disruption, worsening of local security and concern of a family member becoming infected. These concerns associated mild-to-moderately with the indicators of psychological distress. Higher values of event-related distress were found in women, individuals with higher educational attainment and those with any current high-risk medical diagnosis, though the effect sizes were mild. Though psychological distress and concerns about COVID-19 have reached significant levels during the pandemic in Mexico, overall, they have not yet reached dysfunctional levels.

scholarly journals Determinants of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measures: a nationwide on-line survey in Greece and Cyprus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Galanis ◽  
Evangelia Andreadaki ◽  
Efrosyni Kleanthous ◽  
Anastasia Georgiadou ◽  
Efi Evangelou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Probable Diagnosis

AbstractA limited number of studies have investigated the distress during the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measures in the general population. We studied psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measures in the general population in Greece and Cyprus. Also, we investigated several demographic, clinical and job characteristics of the participants as possible determinants of distress. Data collection was performed during lockdown measures in Greece and Cyprus (from April 21st to May 4th 2020). All participants provided informed consent to participate in the study. We used the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) to measure the psychological distress in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures. Seventeen point four percent of the participants had overall IES-R score from 24 to 32 indicating that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a clinical concern, while 33.5% had overall IES-R score >32 indicating that PTSD is a probable diagnosis. Females, Cyprus residents, participants that live with elderly people or patients with a chronic disease in home, participants with a mental health disease or/and chronic disease, participants under pharmaceutical treatment, participants that lost their work due to the pandemic and participants that work in hospital experienced greater distress. Also, increased age and decreased educational level was associated with increased distress. Findings suggest that our sample experienced great distress and this distress was affected by several demographic, clinical and job characteristics. Appropriate interventions should be established in order to support psychologically high risk groups and decrease their distress.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document