scholarly journals Lifetime use of psychiatric medications and cognition at 43 years of age in schizophrenia in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Hulkko ◽  
G.K. Murray ◽  
J. Moilanen ◽  
M. Haapea ◽  
I. Rannikko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Antidepressant Medications ◽  
Low Exposure

AbstractBackground:Higher lifetime antipsychotic exposure has been associated with poorer cognition in schizophrenia. The cognitive effects of adjunctive psychiatric medications and lifetime trends of antipsychotic use remain largely unclear. We aimed to study how lifetime and current benzodiazepine and antidepressant medications, lifetime trends of antipsychotic use and antipsychotic polypharmacy are associated with cognitive performance in midlife schizophrenia.Methods:Sixty participants with DSM-IV schizophrenia from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 were examined at 43 years of age with an extensive cognitive test battery. Cumulative lifetime and current use of psychiatric medications were collected from medical records and interviews. The associations between medication and principal component analysis-based cognitive composite score were analysed using linear regression.Results:Lifetime cumulative DDD years of benzodiazepine and antidepressant medications were not significantly associated with global cognition. Being without antipsychotic medication (for minimum 11 months) before the cognitive examination was associated with better cognitive performance (P= 0.007) and higher lifetime cumulative DDD years of antipsychotics with poorer cognition (P= 0.020), when adjusted for gender, onset age and lifetime hospital treatment days. Other lifetime trends of antipsychotic use, such as a long antipsychotic-free period earlier in the treatment history, and antipsychotic polypharmacy, were not significantly associated with cognition.Conclusions:Based on these naturalistic data, low exposure to adjunctive benzodiazepine and antidepressant medications does not seem to affect cognition nor explain the possible negative effects of high dose long-term antipsychotic medication on cognition in schizophrenia.

0097 Effects of Experimental Sleep Disruption on Morning Cognitive Performance and Alertness

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A39-A39
Author(s):  
E D Chinoy ◽  
D A Hirsch ◽  
J A Cuellar ◽  
M N Snider ◽  
T L Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Naval Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Percent Correct ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Subjective Alertness

Abstract Introduction While sleep duration is known to affect next-day cognitive performance and alertness, largely in a dose-response manner, the effects of disrupted sleep (where one is awoken multiple times overnight, common in military settings) are much less understood. Therefore, we examined the effects of experimentally disrupted sleep on morning cognitive performance and alertness. Methods We tested 34 healthy participants (12 men, 22 women, 28.1±3.9 years; mean±SD) who slept for 8-hours time-in-bed on three consecutive nights with polysomnography in a controlled sleep lab. The final two nights were randomized and counterbalanced between an undisrupted and a disrupted sleep condition. On the disrupted sleep night, participants were awoken by auditory tones for a 5–10 min period every hour. The following morning, participants completed a cognitive test battery that included Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), 10-min psychomotor vigilance task (PVT), addition calculations (ADD), go/no-go (GNG), task switching (TS), and working memory (WM). Mixed effects models were used to test factors: condition (undisrupted vs. disrupted), condition-order, and their interaction. Results Significant (p<0.05) effects of condition (i.e., disrupted sleep caused worse performance) were found for PVT reaction time (RT), GNG RT, TS RT, WM percent correct, and KSS alertness ratings. Condition was not significant for number or percent correct on ADD, GNG, and TS. Condition-order was significant for TS percent correct, and significant interactions were found for ADD number correct and TS RT. Conclusion One night of sleep disruption caused significant negative effects on morning subjective alertness and on several, but not all, cognitive performance domains tested, including RT and WM. Condition-order and interaction effects were also found, indicating that some performance outcomes were impacted by possible learning effects over the study. Sleep disruption factors should be taken into account, especially in operational settings like the military where environmental factors (e.g., noise) disrupt sleeping conditions. Support Office of Naval Research, Code 34

Lifetime Antipsychotic Medication and Cognitive Performance in Schizophrenia at Age 43-years – the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Husa ◽  
J. Moilanen ◽  
G.K. Murray ◽  
R. Marttila ◽  
M. Haapea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication

scholarly journals Lifetime antipsychotic medication and cognitive performance in schizophrenia at age 43 years in a general population birth cohort

2017 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja P. Husa ◽  
Jani Moilanen ◽  
Graham K. Murray ◽  
Riikka Marttila ◽  
Marianne Haapea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication

scholarly journals Cognitive Performance and Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers in Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease: Results from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-235
Author(s):  
Maya Arvidsson Rådestig ◽  
Johan Skoog ◽  
Henrik Zetterberg ◽  
Jürgen Kern ◽  
Anna Zettergren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tau Pathology ◽  
Preclinical Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Preclinical Ad

Background: We have previously shown that older adults with preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) had slightly worse performance in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) than participants without preclinical AD pathology. Objective: We therefore aimed to compare performance on neurocognitive tests in a population-based sample of 70-year-olds with and without CSF AD pathology. Methods: The sample was derived from the population-based Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies in Sweden. Participants (n = 316, 70 years old) underwent comprehensive cognitive examinations, and CSF Aβ-42, Aβ-40, T-tau, and P-tau concentrations were measured. Participants were classified according to the ATN system, and according to their Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score. Cognitive performance was examined in the CSF amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration (ATN) categories. Results: Among participants with CDR 0 (n = 259), those with amyloid (A+) and/or tau pathology (T+, N+) showed similar performance on most cognitive tests compared to participants with A-T-N-. Participants with A-T-N+ performed worse in memory (Supra span (p = 0.003), object Delayed (p = 0.042) and Immediate recall (p = 0.033)). Among participants with CDR 0.5 (n = 57), those with amyloid pathology (A+) scored worse in category fluency (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Cognitively normal participants with amyloid and/or tau pathology performed similarly to those without any biomarker evidence of preclinical AD in most cognitive domains, with the exception of slightly poorer memory performance in A-T-N+. Our study suggests that preclinical AD biomarkers are altered before cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Lifetime affect and midlife cognitive function: prospective birth cohort study

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Richards ◽  
J. H. Barnett ◽  
M. K. Xu ◽  
T. J. Croudace ◽  
D. Gaysina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Memory Problems ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability ◽  
Objectively Measured

BackgroundRecurrent affective problems are predictive of cognitive impairment, but the timing and directionality, and the nature of the cognitive impairment, are unclear.AimsTo test prospective associations between life-course affective symptoms and cognitive function in late middle age.MethodA total of 1668 men and women were drawn from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development (the British 1946 birth cohort). Longitudinal affective symptoms spanning age 13–53 years served as predictors; outcomes consisted of self-reported memory problems at 60–64 years and decline in memory and information processing from age 53 to 60–64 years.ResultsRegression analyses revealed no clear pattern of association between longitudinal affective symptoms and decline in cognitive test scores, after adjusting for gender, childhood cognitive ability, education and midlife socioeconomic status. In contrast, affective symptoms were strongly, diffusely and independently associated with self-reported memory problems.ConclusionsAffective symptoms are more clearly associated with self-reported memory problems in late midlife than with objectively measured cognitive performance.

Arachidonic acid mediates dual effect of TNF-α on Ca2+ transients and contraction of adult rat cardiomyocytes

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (6) ◽  
pp. C1339-C1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aïssata Amadou ◽  
Artur Nawrocki ◽  
Martin Best-Belpomme ◽  
Catherine Pavoine ◽  
Françoise Pecker
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dual Effect ◽  
Rat Cardiomyocytes ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Biphasic Effect

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α has a biphasic effect on heart contractility and stimulates phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in cardiomyocytes. Because arachidonic acid (AA) exerts a dual effect on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) transients, we investigated the possible role of AA as a mediator of TNF-α on [Ca2+]i transients and contraction with electrically stimulated adult rat cardiac myocytes. At a low concentration (10 ng/ml) TNF-α produced a 40% increase in the amplitude of both [Ca2+]i transients and contraction within 40 min. At a high concentration (50 ng/ml) TNF-α evoked a biphasic effect comprising an initial positive effect peaking at 5 min, followed by a sustained negative effect leading to 50–40% decreases in [Ca2+]i transients and contraction after 30 min. Both the positive and negative effects of TNF-α were reproduced by AA and blocked by arachidonyltrifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3), an inhibitor of cytosolic PLA2. Lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibitors reproduced the high-dose effects of TNF-α and AA. The negative effects of TNF-α and AA were also reproduced by sphingosine and were abrogated by the ceramidase inhibitor n-oleoylethanolamine. These results point out the key role of the cytosolic PLA2/AA pathway in mediating the contractile effects of TNF-α.

scholarly journals Cognitive Performance during a 24-Hour Cold Exposure Survival Simulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Michael J. Taber ◽  
Geoffrey L. Hartley ◽  
Gregory W. McGarr ◽  
Dessi Zaharieva ◽  
Fabien A. Basset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Tolerable Level

Survivor of a ship ground in polar regions may have to wait more than five days before being rescued. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore cognitive performance during prolonged cold exposure. Core temperature (Tc) and cognitive test battery (CTB) performance data were collected from eight participants during 24 hours of cold exposure (7.5°C ambient air temperature). Participants (recruited from those who have regular occupational exposure to cold) were instructed that they could freely engage in minimal exercise that was perceived to maintaining a tolerable level of thermal comfort. Despite the active engagement, test conditions were sufficient to significantly decreaseTcafter exposure and to eliminate the typical 0.5–1.0°C circadian rise and drop in core temperature throughout a 24 h cycle. Results showed minimal changes in CTB performance regardless of exposure time. Based on the results, it is recommended that survivors who are waiting for rescue should be encouraged to engage in mild physical activity, which could have the benefit of maintaining metabolic heat production, improve motivation, and act as a distractor from cold discomfort. This recommendation should be taken into consideration during future research and when considering guidelines for mandatory survival equipment regarding cognitive performance.

scholarly journals Use of psychotropic medication in seven English psychiatric intensive care units

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Brown ◽  
Navjyoat Chhina ◽  
Stephen Dye
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Antipsychotic Drug ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Case Note ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Prescribing Practices

Aims and methodTo describe the psychotropic medication given to 332 patients admitted consecutively to seven English psychiatric intensive care units (PICUs) by prospective, multicentre case-note analysis.ResultsOverall, 104 (32%) patients received rapid tranquillisation or zuclopenthixol acetate by intramuscular injection; 72 (23%) received more than one regular antipsychotic drug simultaneously. It was reported that 20 patients received high-dose antipsychotic medication, which was probably an underestimate. The use of these interventions varied significantly between different units.Clinical implicationsPotentially risky treatments such as forcible intramuscular medication are a standard part of PICU activity. Further work is needed to clarify the reasons behind the differences in prescribing practices between different PICUs.

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