Randomized, four-arm, dose-response clinical trial to optimize resistance exercise training for older adults with age-related muscle atrophy

Abstract Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) accelerates the incidence and increases the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults. This suggests an urgent need for identifying effective sarcopenia treatments for older adults with T2DM. It is unknown whether traditional approaches, such as progressive resistance exercise training (PRET), can effectively counteract sarcopenia in older patients with T2DM. To test the efficacy of PRET for the treatment of sarcopenia in older adults with T2DM, 30 subjects (15 T2DM and 15 age- and sex- matched controls) underwent metabolic testing with muscle biopsies before and after a 13-week full-body PRET program. Primary outcome measures included changes in appendicular lean mass, muscle strength, and mixed muscle fractional synthesis rate (FSR). Before PRET, BMI-adjusted appendicular lean mass was significantly lower in the T2DM group (0.7095±0.0381 versus 0.8151±0.0439, p<0.0001). As a result of PRET, appendicular lean mass adjusted for BMI and muscle strength increased significantly in both groups, but to a lesser extent for the T2DM group (p=0.0009) . Preliminary results for FSR (n=25) indicate that subjects with T2DM had lower basal FSR prior to PRET (p=0.0197) . Basal FSR increased significantly in the control group after PRET (p=0.0196), while it did not change in the T2DM group (p=0.3537). These results suggest that in older adults the positive effect of PRET on muscle anabolism and strength is reduced by T2DM . Thus, older adults with T2DM may require more intensive, multimodal and targeted sarcopenia treatment. Funded by NIH R01AG049611 and P30AG024832.

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Heterogeneity of the strength response to progressive resistance exercise training in older adults: Contributions of muscle contractility

Experimental Gerontology ◽

10.1016/j.exger.2021.111437 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 111437

Author(s):

Leatha A. Clark ◽

David W. Russ ◽

Dallin Tavoian ◽

W. David Arnold ◽

Timothy D. Law ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Muscle Contractility ◽

Resistance Exercise Training ◽

Progressive Resistance Exercise ◽

Progressive Resistance

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Vitamin D status and resistance exercise training independently affect glucose tolerance in older adults

Nutrition Research ◽

10.1016/j.nutres.2013.03.005 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 349-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vanessa M. Kobza ◽

James C. Fleet ◽

Jing Zhou ◽

Travis B. Conley ◽

Munro Peacock ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Resistance Exercise Training

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EFFECTS OF RESISTANCE EXERCISE TRAINING ON ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION AND MUSCLE PERFUSION IN OLDER ADULTS WITH DIABETES

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.3454 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S951-S952

Author(s):

Amanda Randolph ◽

Tatiana Moro ◽

Adetutu Odejimi ◽

Blake Rasmussen ◽

Elena Volpi

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Flow Mediated Dilation ◽

Resistance Exercise Training ◽

Direct Role ◽

Modest Improvement ◽

Muscle Perfusion

Abstract BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia contributes to frailty, disability, and dependence in older adults, and is accelerated by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). In addition to its direct role in increasing muscle mass, progressive resistance exercise training (PRET) may also reduce sarcopenia by improving endothelial function and muscle perfusion. METHODS: Fifteen older adults with uncomplicated and well-controlled T2DM participated in a PRET program 3 times weekly for 3 months. Prior to and immediately following the intervention, flow-mediated dilation testing was performed to assess large vessel endothelial function via ultrasound and muscle perfusion via near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). RESULTS: Preliminary ultrasound data from 9 subjects show a significant increase (5.21% to 8.73%, p=0.0448) in percent flow mediated dilation (%FMD), suggesting a modest improvement in endothelial function after 3 months’ PRET. Preliminary NIRS data from 7 subjects showed no significant changes in oxygen saturation or reperfusion rates as a result of the intervention. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary data indicate that, in older adults with T2DM, 3 months’ PRET is associated with modestly improved endothelial function in large vessels (as demonstrated by a significant increase in %FMD), but does not appear to be associated with improvements in muscle perfusion

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Preserved Capacity for Adaptations in Strength and Muscle Regulatory Factors in Elderly in Response to Resistance Exercise Training and Deconditioning

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9072188 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 2188 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andreas Mæchel Fritzen ◽

Frank D. Thøgersen ◽

Khaled Abdul Nasser Qadri ◽

Thomas Krag ◽

Marie-Louise Sveen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Myogenic Regulatory Factors ◽

Resistance Exercise Training ◽

Regulatory Factors ◽

Age Related ◽

Muscle Regulatory Factors

Aging is related to an inevitable loss of muscle mass and strength. The mechanisms behind age-related loss of muscle tissue are not fully understood but may, among other things, be induced by age-related differences in myogenic regulatory factors. Resistance exercise training and deconditioning offers a model to investigate differences in myogenic regulatory factors that may be important for age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. Nine elderly (82 ± 7 years old) and nine young, healthy persons (22 ± 2 years old) participated in the study. Exercise consisted of six weeks of resistance training of the quadriceps muscle followed by eight weeks of deconditioning. Muscle biopsy samples before and after training and during the deconditioning period were analyzed for MyoD, myogenin, insulin-like growth-factor I receptor, activin receptor IIB, smad2, porin, and citrate synthase. Muscle strength improved with resistance training by 78% (95.0 ± 22.0 kg) in the elderly to a similar extent as in the young participants (83.5%; 178.2 ± 44.2 kg) and returned to baseline in both groups after eight weeks of deconditioning. No difference was seen in expression of muscle regulatory factors between elderly and young in response to exercise training and deconditioning. In conclusion, the capacity to gain muscle strength with resistance exercise training in elderly was not impaired, highlighting this as a potent tool to combat age-related loss of muscle function, possibly due to preserved regulation of myogenic factors in elderly compared with young muscle.

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