scholarly journals Markers of oxidative stress, skeletal muscle mass and function, and their responses to resistance exercise training in older adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciriaco Carru ◽  
Mariasole Da Boit ◽  
Panagiotis Paliogiannis ◽  
Angelo Zinellu ◽  
Salvatore Sotgia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
And Function

Mitochondrial DNA shifting in older adults following resistance exercise trainingThis paper article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled 14th International Biochemistry of Exercise Conference – Muscles as Molecular and Metabolic Machines, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process.

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Tarnopolsky
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training

Aging is associated with a reduction in muscle mass and strength, which compromises functional independence. Skeletal muscle also shows an increase in mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in older adults. Resistance-exercise training is an important countermeasure for aging-associated muscle weakness. It has been shown that resistance-exercise training increases muscle strength and function in older adults, in association with a reduction in markers of oxidative stress and an improvement in mitochondrial function. Patients with sporadic mitochondrial cytopathies show an accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations and deletions in mature muscle, but not in satellite cells. Such patients have shown an activation of the satellite cells following myotoxic trauma and resistance, likely due to a fusion of the relatively quiescent satellite cells with mature muscle, which dilutes the mutational burden, a process called mitochondrial DNA shifting. Preliminary data strongly suggest that mitochondrial DNA shifting occurs in skeletal muscle from older adults following resistance-exercise training.

Sarcopenia—definitions and epidemiology

2017 ◽  
pp. 409-414
Author(s):  
José A. Morais
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Sarcopenia is a progressive and inevitable loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength associated with ageing that places older adults at high risk for adverse health outcomes. Up to of 15% of older adults suffer negative healthcare consequences because of sarcopenia. Furthermore, it is responsible for two to four times greater risk of disability. Expert groups have proposed clinical oriented criteria based on gait speed <0.8 m/s and low handgrip strength before performing muscle mass assessment. Multiple aetiologies are implicated in the development of sarcopenia including age-related, lifestyle, neurodegeneration, hormonal, and inflammation factors. Resistance exercise training and higher than recommended protein intake are two accessible means to counteract sarcopenia. Hormonal interventions, despite amelioration in muscle and fat masses, have not led to significant gains in function. Sarcopenia shares many features with frailty and can be considered as one of its underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals MICU3 regulates mitochondrial Ca2+-dependent antioxidant response in skeletal muscle aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Fei Yang ◽  
Wu Yang ◽  
Zhi-Yin Liao ◽  
Yong-Xin Wu ◽  
Zhen Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Calcium Uptake ◽  
Mitochondrial Calcium ◽  
Muscle Aging ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Aging ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake

AbstractAge-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, termed sarcopenia, could impair the quality of life in the elderly. The mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle aging are intricate and largely unknown. However, more and more evidence demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis also play an important role in skeletal muscle aging. Recent studies have shown that mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU)-mediated mitochondrial calcium affects skeletal muscle mass and function by affecting mitochondrial function. During aging, we observed downregulated expression of mitochondrial calcium uptake family member3 (MICU3) in skeletal muscle, a regulator of MCU, which resulted in a significant reduction in mitochondrial calcium uptake. However, the role of MICU3 in skeletal muscle aging remains poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the effect of MICU3 on the skeletal muscle of aged mice and senescent C2C12 cells induced by d-gal. Downregulation of MICU3 was associated with decreased myogenesis but increased oxidative stress and apoptosis. Reconstitution of MICU3 enhanced antioxidants, prevented the accumulation of mitochondrial ROS, decreased apoptosis, and increased myogenesis. These findings indicate that MICU3 might promote mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and function, attenuate oxidative stress and apoptosis, and restore skeletal muscle mass and function. Therefore, MICU3 may be a potential therapeutic target in skeletal muscle aging.

scholarly journals Association Between Fish Consumption and Muscle Mass and Function in Middle-Age and Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha H. Alhussain ◽  
Moodi Mathel ALshammari
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Function

Background: Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, represents a crucial risk factor for disability and mortality. Increasing intake of some nutrients, particularly protein and omega-3 fatty acids seems to be a promising strategy to augment muscle mass and function.Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the beneficial effects of fish consumption on muscle mass and function among middle-age and older adults.Methods: Twenty-two adults aged 50–85 years participated in this study. Participants were asked to consume 150–170-g of fish for lunch twice a week for a 10-week period. During that period, participants were asked to maintain their normal diet and physical activity. Outcome measures included anthropometry, muscle mass, and muscle function. All these measures were assessed at baseline, week 5, and week 10. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze statistical significance.Results: Consuming fish twice a week for 10 weeks significantly increased the skeletal muscle mass and appendicular lean mass divided by height squared (ALM/h2) (p &lt; 0.01). Handgrip strength and gait speed &lt;0.8 m/s were also improved (p &lt; 0.01) at week 10 compared with that at baseline.Discussion: Consuming fish seems to improve muscle mass and function and may slow sarcopenia progression in middle-age and older adults.

scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding resistance exercise training-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy in humans

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Joanisse ◽  
Changhyun Lim ◽  
James McKendry ◽  
Jonathan C. Mcleod ◽  
Tanner Stokes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Exercise Induced

Skeletal muscle plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of physical and metabolic health and, critically, mobility. Accordingly, strategies focused on increasing the quality and quantity of skeletal muscle are relevant, and resistance exercise is foundational to the process of functional hypertrophy. Much of our current understanding of skeletal muscle hypertrophy can be attributed to the development and utilization of stable isotopically labeled tracers. We know that resistance exercise and sufficient protein intake act synergistically and provide the most effective stimuli to enhance skeletal muscle mass; however, the molecular intricacies that underpin the tremendous response variability to resistance exercise-induced hypertrophy are complex. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent studies with the aim of shedding light on key regulatory mechanisms that dictate hypertrophic gains in skeletal muscle mass. We also aim to provide a brief up-to-date summary of the recent advances in our understanding of skeletal muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance training in humans.

scholarly journals Resistance exercise training and in vitro skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in older adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (13) ◽  
pp. e12849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle D. Flack ◽  
Brenda M. Davy ◽  
Martin DeBerardinis ◽  
Nabil E. Boutagy ◽  
Ryan P. McMillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Muscle Oxidative Capacity

scholarly journals Low skeletal muscle capillarization limits muscle adaptation to resistance exercise training in older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 110723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Moro ◽  
Camille R. Brightwell ◽  
Danielle E. Phalen ◽  
Colleen F. McKenna ◽  
Samantha J. Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Adaptation ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training

scholarly journals Influence of combined vitamin D3supplementation and resistance exercise training on musculoskeletal health in older men and women (EXVITD): protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e033824
Author(s):  
Anneka Elizabeth Welford ◽  
Susan Lanham-New ◽  
Janet Lord ◽  
Alison Doyle ◽  
Julie Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Sheltered Housing ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Musculoskeletal Function ◽  
And Function

IntroductionSarcopenia is a progressive loss in muscle mass, strength and function, the adverse consequences of which are severe, affecting quality of life and placing an increasing burden on social and healthcare systems. Vitamin D status is known to be associated with markers of sarcopenia, namely muscle mass, strength and function. Also, resistance exercise training (RET) is currently the only proven intervention to treat sarcopenia. However, very little data exist on the influence of combining the two interventions of vitamin D supplementation and resistance exercise training, although a recent systematic review provides tentative support for the current study’s hypothesis that the combined intervention may further improve musculoskeletal function above exercise training alone. The aim of the present study is to determine whether vitamin D3supplementation is any more effective in improving musculoskeletal function when combined with RET compared with exercise training alone in older adults.Methods and analysisThis double-blinded randomised placebo-controlled trial will recruit a target of 127 eligible men and women aged ≥65 years living independently or in sheltered housing within the Birmingham area to two groups: (1) 6 months RET and placebo or (2) 6 months RET and 800 IU/d vitamin D3. Measures of muscle power (Nottingham Power Rig), body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), muscle function (short physical performance battery, timed up and go), falls and fractures as events will be assessed. Assessments will take place at baseline and postintervention, with intermittent monitoring of bone turnover, calcium and vitamin D. The primary outcome will be lower limb extensor power output. Analyses of within-group changes and between-group differences in outcome measures are planned.Ethics and disseminationThe EXVITD study has ethical approval granted by the Black Country National Health Service Research Ethics Committee (14/WM/1220). Results of this trial will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences. The study is being conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.Trial registration numberNCT02467153; Post-results.

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