Water balance and rice growth responses to direct seeding, deep tillage, and landscape placement: Findings from a valley terrace in Nepal

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 367-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. McDonald ◽  
S.J. Riha ◽  
J.M. Duxbury ◽  
T.S. Steenhuis ◽  
J.G. Lauren
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Rice Growth

scholarly journals Differential Growth Responses to Water Balance of Coexisting Deciduous Tree Species Are Linked to Wood Density in a Bolivian Tropical Dry Forest

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e73855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hooz A. Mendivelso ◽  
J. Julio Camarero ◽  
Oriol Royo Obregón ◽  
Emilia Gutiérrez ◽  
Marisol Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Differential Growth

scholarly journals Effects of Autumn Direct-seeding on Rice Growth and Yield under Cool Climates

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Shimono ◽  
Miki Tamai ◽  
Takahiro Hamasaki ◽  
Ryo Sagawa ◽  
Ryuji Ohtani
Keyword(s):  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Growth

scholarly journals Physiological and Growth Responses in the (Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke) Seedlings Subjected to Cadmium Doses

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Glauco A. S. Nogueira ◽  
Ana E. A. Brito ◽  
Vitor R. Nascimento ◽  
Gerson D. P. Albuquerque ◽  
Anderson S. Botelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Intrinsic Efficiency

The aim of this work was to evaluate, by the physiological and growth variables, the behavior of paricá seedlings submitted to cadmium aplications. Cadmium is a importante metal due the industrial use, the accumulation in the environment, the high mobility in the soil-plant system, and possibly by changing physiological and growth parameters in plants. Among the plants that can be affected by this metal is the species (Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke), known as paricá. Native from the amazona region, presents great social, economic and environmental potential. Among the physiological variables analyzed, cadmium interfered with photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration, mainly with the increase of the concentrations of this element. Among the correlated variables, the variable intrinsic efficiency of water use (EiUA), presented high in the stress conditions maintaining the minimum of water balance. For the growth variables, the cadmium provided a decrease in the height, diameter, number of leaves and leaflets influencing the low synthesis of photoassimilates. The phytotoxic element was mainly concentrated in the roots, but there was translocation to shoot, signaling a phytoextractive characteristic.

Rhizobium plasmids are involved in the inhibition or stimulation of rice growth and development

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine M. Perrine ◽  
Joko Prayitno ◽  
Jeremy J. Weinman ◽  
Frank B. Dazzo ◽  
Barry G. Rolfe
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Ti Plasmids ◽  
Rhizobium Strains ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Stimulation Of

This paper originates from an address at the 8th International Symposium on Nitrogen Fixation with Non-Legumes, Sydney, NSW, December 2000 We examined growth responses of rice seedlings (Oryza sativaL. cv. Pelde) to specific Rhizobium strains and their mutants, to investigate the molecular basis of colonization and the stimulation or inhibition of rice growth and development by rhizobia. Inoculation experiments with rice seedlings showed that specific Rhizobium isolates of these rice-associated and legume-associated rhizobia could either promote, inhibit, or have no influence on rice plant growth. There are genes on certain plasmids of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii and R. leguminosarum bv. viciae that affect the growth and development of rice root morphology. Additionally, we found that bacteria can intimately associate with, and enter into, rice seedling roots by alternative mechanisms to those encoded by the symbiotic (pSym) and the tumour-inducing (Ti) plasmids. Investigations suggest an involvement of the phytohormone auxin, and possibly nitrate, in this complex rice–Rhizobium interaction.

scholarly journals Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Rice Growth Under Different Flooding and Shading Regimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutao Wang ◽  
Xiaozhe Bao ◽  
Shaoshan Li
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Rice Growth

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are present in paddy fields, where they suffer from periodic soil flooding and sometimes shading stress, but their interaction with rice plants in these environments is not yet fully explained. Based on two greenhouse experiments, we examined rice-growth response to AMF under different flooding and/or shading regimes to survey the regulatory effects of flooding on the mycorrhizal responses of rice plants under different light conditions. AMF had positive or neutral effects on the growth and yields of both tested rice varieties under non-flooding conditions but suppressed them under all flooding and/or shading regimes, emphasizing the high importance of flooding and shading conditions in determining the mycorrhizal effects. Further analyses indicated that flooding and shading both reduced the AMF colonization and extraradical hyphal density (EHD), implying a possible reduction of carbon investment from rice to AMF. The expression profiles of mycorrhizal P pathway marker genes (GintPT and OsPT11) suggested the P delivery from AMF to rice roots under all flooding and shading conditions. Nevertheless, flooding and shading both decreased the mycorrhizal P benefit of rice plants, as indicated by the significant decrease of mycorrhizal P responses (MPRs), contributing to the negative mycorrhizal effects on rice production. The expression profiles of rice defense marker genes OsPR1 and OsPBZ1 suggested that regardless of mycorrhizal growth responses (MGRs), AMF colonization triggered the basal defense response, especially under shading conditions, implying the multifaceted functions of AMF symbiosis and their effects on rice performance. In conclusion, this study found that flooding and shading both modulated the outcome of AMF symbiosis for rice plants, partially by influencing the mycorrhizal P benefit. This finding has important implications for AMF application in rice production.

Deep tillage and irrigation impacts on soil water balance and water productivity of direct-seeded rice–wheat cropping system in north-west India

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 498 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dhaliwal ◽  
M. S. Kahlon ◽  
S. S. Kukal
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
North West ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Direct Seeded

Direct-seeded rice (DSR) is a potent option for north-west India considering the current shortages of labour and water. The formation of a subsurface compact layer in medium to coarse textured soils due to continuous puddling used for commonly grown puddled, transplanted rice hampers the root growth of DSR and wheat crops. It is thus imperative to study the deep tillage effects on water balance and water productivity of the DSR–wheat cropping system. A two-year field experiment was conducted during 2016–17 and 2017–18 in a sandy loam soil to study the soil water dynamics in relation to tillage and irrigation regimes in a DSR–wheat cropping system. There were two irrigation regimes both in DSR (irrigation at 4-day and 8-day intervals) and wheat (based on irrigation water to pan evaporation ratio of 1.0 (I1.0) and 0.5 (I0.5)) in main plots; with three tillage treatments in subplots: (1) conventional tillage for both DSR and wheat (DSRCT-WCT), (2) deep tillage before sowing of DSR during the first season + conventional tillage in wheat (DSRDT1-WCT) and (3) deep tillage before sowing of DSR during both seasons + conventional tillage in wheat (DSRDT2-WCT). The irrigation water input was lower by 325 mm under 8-day, I0.5 compared with 4-day, I1.0 irrigation regimes during both years. The evapotranspiration (ET) was significantly higher in plots with the 4-day compared to 8-day irrigation regime by 22.8% and 17.2% during 2016 and 2017 respectively. In wheat, ET was significantly higher in plots with I1.0 than I0.5 by 42.7% and 34.8% during 2016–17 and 2017–18 respectively. The ET was significantly higher in DSRDT2-WCT and DSRDT1-WCT than DSRCT-WCT in DSR. The water productivity was higher in less frequently (8-day and I0.5) than in frequently irrigated (4-day and I1.0) plots. Deep tillage during both seasons (DSRDT2-WCT) had no significant influence on the soil water balance components and water productivity in comparison to deep tillage only once in two years (DSRDT1-WCT). However, the ET and water productivity were significantly higher in plots with deep tillage compared to conventional tillage.

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