Optimum leaf removal increases canopy apparent photosynthesis, 13C-photosynthate distribution and grain yield of maize crops grown at high density

2015 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiening Liu ◽  
Limin Gu ◽  
Shuting Dong ◽  
Jiwang Zhang ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
High Density ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Photosynthate Distribution

scholarly journals Leaf Removal Affects Maize Morphology and Grain Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangzhou Liu ◽  
Yunshan Yang ◽  
Wanmao Liu ◽  
Xiaoxia Guo ◽  
Jun Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Light Distribution ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Source Sink

Increasing planting density is an important practice associated with increases in maize yield, but densely planted maize can suffer from poor light conditions. In our two-year field experiments, two morphologically different cultivars, ZD958 (less compact) and DH618 (more compact), were planted at 120,000 plants ha−1 and 135,000 plants ha−1, respectively. We established different leaf area index (LAI) treatments by removing leaves three days after silking: (1) control, no leaves removed (D0); (2) the two uppermost leaves removed (D1); (3) the four uppermost leaves removed (D2); (4) the leaves below the third leaf below the ear removed (D3); (5) the leaves of D1 and D3 removed (D4); (6) the leaves of D2 and D3 removed (D5). Optimal leaf removal improved light distribution, increased photosynthetic capacity and the post-silking source-sink ratio, and thus the grain yield, with an average LAI of 5.9 (5.6 and 6.2 for ZD958 and DH618, respectively) for the highest yields in each year. Therefore, less-compact cultivars should have smaller or fewer topmost leaves or leaves below the ear that quickly senesce post-silking, so as to decrease leaf area and thus improve light distribution and photosynthetic capacity in the canopy under dense planting conditions. However, for more compact cultivars, leaves below the ear should senesce quickly after silking to reduce leaf respiration and improve the photosynthetic capacity of the remaining top residual leaves. In future maize cultivation, compact cultivars with optimal post-silking LAI should be adopted when planting densely.

scholarly journals Marginal superiority of maize: an indicator for density tolerance under high plant density

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangzhou Liu ◽  
Wanmao Liu ◽  
Yunshan Yang ◽  
Xiaoxia Guo ◽  
Guoqiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
High Density ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Tolerance Field

Abstract Marginal superiority is a common phenomenon in crops, and is caused by the competitiveness of individual plant for resources and crop adaptability to crowded growth conditions. In this study, in order to clarify the response of marginal superiority to maize morphology and plant-density tolerance, field experiments without water and nutrition stress were conducted at Qitai Farm in Xinjiang, China, in 2013–2014 and 2016–2019. The results showed that no more than three border rows of all the cultivars had marginal superiority under high density, about 90% of all the cultivars had no more than two border row that had marginal superiority and a significant negative correlation was observed between marginal superiority and population grain yield (first border row: y = − 2.193x + 213.9, p < 0.05; second border row: y = − 2.076x + 159.2, p < 0.01). Additionally, marginal superiority was found to have a significant positive relationship with plant density (first border row: y = 6.049x + 73.76, p < 0.01; second border row: y = 1.88x + 95.41, p < 0.05) and the average leaf angle above the ear (first border row: y = 2.306x + 103.1, p < 0.01). These results indicated that the smaller the leaf angle above the ear, the weaker the marginal superiority and the higher the grain yield. It suggests that the magnitude of marginal superiority in the border rows can be an indicator for plant-density tolerance under high density. What’s more, cultivars with small leaf angle above the ear can be selected to weaken the marginal superiority and improve grain yield under high plant density. Conversely, cultivars with a large leaf angle above the ear can be selected to achieve higher individual yield in intercropping systems with no more than four rows alternated with other crops.

scholarly journals Development of a High-Density SNP-Based Linkage Map and Detection of QTL for β-Glucans, Protein Content, Grain Yield per Spike and Heading Time in Durum Wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Marcotuli ◽  
Agata Gadaleta ◽  
Giacomo Mangini ◽  
Antonio Signorile ◽  
Silvana Zacheo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Linkage Map ◽  
High Density ◽  
Heading Time

scholarly journals Respuesta de fertilización y densidad de siembra en líneas de maíz.

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Hugo Tosquy ◽  
Guillermo Castañón
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
High Density ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Primary Element ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
Treatment Design

An experiment was carried out in the Cotaxtla Experimental Field during the 1995 spring-summer cycle to study effects of soil mineral fertilization and population density in six parentallines of the best hybrids from tropical Mexico. The experimental desigp. used was the randomized block s in divided plots with two repetitions, and a complete factorial treatment design 24. Large plots consisted of lines LE-36, LE-37, LRB-14, D-539, POB 21 and POB 43. Small plots were formed by the treatments resulting from the combination of plant density (PD) at 50, and 62.5 thousand pl/ha, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) at 161-184,46-69 and 0-60 kilograms per hectare, respectively. Out of the 18 variables studied, only 4 were not significant for the lines. The density of 62,500 pVha showed the highest grain yield. However, the same trait did not respond to a more intense fertilization with N-P-K, but the combination of each major primary element at its highest level helped to stop the negative effect of high density in grain traits. There was an additive effect in the interaction lines x density for grain yieId. This variable increased in all lines when there was a greater number of pIants per area unit.

scholarly journals Optimum Leaf Removal Increases Nitrogen Accumulation in Kernels of Maize Grown at High Density

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiening Liu ◽  
Rundong Huang ◽  
Tie Cai ◽  
Qingfang Han ◽  
Shuting Dong
Keyword(s):  
High Density ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Removal

scholarly journals Genotyping-by-sequencing based QTL mapping for rice grain yield under reproductive stage drought stress tolerance

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailesh Yadav ◽  
Nitika Sandhu ◽  
Vikas Kumar Singh ◽  
Margaret Catolos ◽  
Arvind Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
High Density ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Linkage Drag ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
Mapping Populations

Abstract QTLs for rice grain yield under reproductive stage drought stress (qDTY) identified earlier with low density markers have shown linkage drag and need to be fine mapped before their utilization in breeding programs. In this study, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) based high-density linkage map of rice was developed using two BC1F3 mapping populations namely Swarna*2/Dular (3929 SNPs covering 1454.68 cM) and IR11N121*2/Aus196 (1191 SNPs covering 1399.68 cM) with average marker density of 0.37 cM to 1.18 cM respectively. In total, six qDTY QTLs including three consistent effect QTLs were identified in Swarna*2/Dular while eight qDTY QTLs including two consistent effect QTLs were identified in IR11N121*2/Aus 196 mapping population. Comparative analysis revealed four stable and novel QTLs (qDTY2.4, qDTY3.3, qDTY6.3, and qDTY11.2) which explained 8.62 to 14.92% PVE. However, one of the identified stable grain yield QTL qDTY1.1 in both the populations was located nearly at the same physical position of an earlier mapped major qDTY QTL. Further, the effect of the identified qDTY1.1 was validated in a subset of lines derived from five mapping populations confirming robustness of qDTY1.1 across various genetic backgrounds/seasons. The study successfully identified stable grain yield QTLs free from undesirable linkages of tall plant height/early maturity utilizing high density linkage maps.

Performance, radiation capture and use by maize–mungbean–common bean sequential intercropping under different leaf removal and row orientation schemes

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 752-766
Author(s):  
Walelign Worku
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Maize Leaf ◽  
Radiation Capture

AbstractFood security under smallholder farming can be improved through innovative intensification of cropping systems. Maize (Zea mays L.) – mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) – common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) sequential intercropping was studied to evaluate the patterns of radiation capture and radiation use efficiency and to determine the effects of leaf removal and row orientation on performance and intercropping efficiency. Sequential intercropping captured 1039 MJ m−2 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) accounting for 70% of incident seasonal PAR. The corresponding sole stands for maize captured 41%, mungbean 29%, common bean 34% and mungbean–common bean 63%. Intercropped components had interception ratios of 0.98, 0.31 and 0.61 for maize, mungbean and common bean, respectively. Associated maize used intercepted light with similar efficiency, mungbean with greater efficiency and common bean with lesser efficiency compared to sole crops. Maize leaf removal and row orientation had no significant effect on performance and partial land equivalent ratio (LER) of maize. Leaf removal under East–West (EW) orientation increased grain yield by 96%, total biomass by 63%, partial LER by 92%, in common bean and total LER by 7%. Leaf removal also improved grain yield, biomass yield, partial LER, in common bean and total LER during the wetter year of 2013. Similarly, EW orientation was advantageous in 2013 raising total LER by 8%. Maize leaf removal and EW row orientation had synergistic effects on intercropping efficiency and economic benefit and both have exerted positive influence under favourable weather. Total LER values of 1.47 in 2013 and 1.29 in 2015 had revealed greater biological efficiency for intercropping during both years though it was more profitable in 2013. Thus, the cropping system can be adopted under timely onset of the rainy season using EW row orientation while leaf removal can also be practiced depending on weather conditions and convenience.

scholarly journals Estimation of drought tolerance among maize landraces from mini-core collection

Genetika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Andjelkovic ◽  
Natalija Kravic ◽  
Vojka Babic ◽  
Dragana Ignjatovic-Micic ◽  
Zoran Dumanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
High Density ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Mini Core Collection ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Maize Landraces

Global climate change, its impact on stable food production in the future and possibilities to overcome the problem are the major priorities for research. Breeding varieties with increase adaptability to changing environments, together with better tolerance/resistance to abiotic stress, pest and diseases are possible solution. Maize is one of the most important crops, with high grain yield reduction induced by drought stress. In the present study twenty-six maize landraces from drought tolerant mini-core collection were tested under optimal, drought, and a combination of drought and high density stresses in the field. Morphological traits, plant height, total number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, anthesis-silking interval and grain yield were recorded for each entry in two replications in three experiments. Besides, drought tolerant indices were evaluated to test the ability to separate more drought tolerant accessions from those with less stress tolerance. Five stress tolerance indices, including stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress susceptibility (SSI), and stress tolerance (TOL) were calculated. Data analyses revealed that STI, MP and GMP had positive and significant correlations with grain yield under all conditions. Three-dimensional diagrams displayed assignment of landraces L25, L1, L14, L3, L26, L15 and L16 to group A, based on the stress tolerance index and achieved grain yield under optimal, drought stress, and a combination of drought and high density stress. A biplot analysis efficiently separated groups of landraces with different level of drought tolerance and grain yield. Based on all obtained results, maize landraces L25, L14, L1 and L3, as the most valuable source of drought tolerance, could be recommended for further use in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Detection of QTLs for panicle-related traits using an indica × japonica recombinant inbred line population in rice

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12504
Author(s):  
Guan Li ◽  
Yichen Cheng ◽  
Man Yin ◽  
Jinyu Yang ◽  
Jiezheng Ying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Linkage Map ◽  
Genetic Map ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Line ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Line Population ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
High Density ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
High Density Linkage Map

Background The panicle is the most important organ in rice, and all the panicle-related traits are correlated with rice grain yield. Understanding the underlying genetic mechanisms controlling panicle development is very important for improving rice production. Methods Nine panicle-related traits including heading date, panicle length, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of grains per panicle, number of panicles per plant, number of filled grains per plant, seed-setting rate, and grain yield per plant were investigated. To map the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the nine panicle-related traits, a PCR-based genetic map with 208 markers (including 121 simple sequence repeats and 87 InDels) and a high-density linkage map with 18,194 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were both used. Results Using a recombinant inbred line population derived from an indica variety Huanghuazhan and a japonica line Jizi 1560, a total of 110 and 112 QTLs were detected for panicle-related traits by PCR-based genetic map and by high-density linkage map, respectively. Most of the QTLs were clustered on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 6, and 7 while no QTLs were detected on chromosome 10. Almost all the QTLs with LOD values of more than 5.0 were repeatedly detected, indicating the accuracy of the two methods and the stability of the QTL effects. No genes for panicle-related traits have been previously reported in most of these regions. QTLs found in JD1006–JD1007 and RM1148–RM5556 with high LOD and additive values deserved further research. The results of this study are beneficial for marker-assisted breeding and provide research foundation for further fine-mapping and cloning of these QTLs for panicle-related traits.

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