Development of a High-Density SNP-Based Linkage Map and Detection of QTL for β-Glucans, Protein Content, Grain Yield per Spike and Heading Time in Durum Wheat

This study was conducted during two crop seasons to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer quantity and application form on grain yield and quality in Eskisehir Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute by using seven bread wheat cultivars in rainfed and eight in irrigated conditions. In the study, urea as a source of nitrogen was applied in heading time (Zadoks 59) in granular and foliar form. In all treatments grain yield, some technological quality characteristics were determined of the genotypes. In both conditions while sedimentation value, protein content, aggregation energy (AGGEN) and maximum torque (BEM) values increased, peak maximum time (PMT) decreased with foliar urea applications. it was determined that there were statistically significant differences between the varieties in terms of SDS sedimentation values in both rainfed and irrigated conditions. In this study, In irrigated and rainfed conditions the values obtained from foliar urea applications compared to granular ones with relation higher bread quality in the genotypes which contain Glu-A1 locus 2* subunit; 9% for grain yield, 6.5% for protein content, 17.0% for sedimentation value and 3.8% increase of BEM, Glu-D1 locus; 5+10 subunit 8% for grain yield, 5.6% for protein content, sedimentation 16.0%, 6.4% for BEM increase, for Glu-B1 locus; 7+9 subunit 7.0% for grain yield, 6.0% for protein content, 19.6% for sedimentation value, and 7.2% for BEM value increase. This study was observed that the foliar application during the heading time provided the improvement of bread wheat grain yield and quality characteristics.

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Development of a high-density SNP-based linkage map and detection of yellow pigment content QTLs in durum wheat

Molecular Breeding ◽

10.1007/s11032-014-0183-3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 1563-1578 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

P. Colasuonno ◽

A. Gadaleta ◽

A. Giancaspro ◽

D. Nigro ◽

S. Giove ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Linkage Map ◽

Yellow Pigment ◽

High Density ◽

Pigment Content ◽

Yellow Pigment Content

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Nitrogen Metabolism at Tillering Stage Differently Affects the Grain Yield and Grain Protein Content in Two Durum Wheat Cultivars

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d11100186 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 186

Author(s):

Fortunato ◽

Nigro ◽

Paradiso ◽

Cucci ◽

Lacolla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Protein Content ◽

Grain Protein Content ◽

Cultivar Differences ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Nitrogen Use ◽

Nitrogen Abundance

Soil nitrogen abundance, as well as nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), significantly affect the crop yield and grain protein content (GPC). Depending on the genotype, a negative correlation between the yield and GPC can occur. The aim of the study was to assess the agronomic performance, and to explore physiological pathways for the efficient use of N fertilizer for two durum wheat cultivars, “Aureo” and “Vespucci”. After fertilization, the nitrogen content and values of some of the agronomic parameters and yield-related traits increased in both cultivars; nevertheless, a simultaneous rise in both the yield and GPC occurred only in Aureo. The biochemical parameters, analyzed at tillering, confirm the genotypic specificity of nitrogen use. In Vespucci’s roots, the nitrogen supply did not affect the nitrate reductase (NR), but greatly increased the amino acids and proteins, suggesting that ammonium is preferentially assimilated. In Aureo, nitrate is in part assimilated by the roots, as suggested by the ammonium increase and NR enhancement. In the leaves of both cultivars, organic nitrogen significantly increased after fertilization; however, the rise in amino acids, as well as in NR activity, was higher in Aureo than in Vespucci. These results indicate that the different nitrogen use, and in particular the diverse NR behavior, at tillering, are in part responsible of the cultivar differences in grain yield and GPC.

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Seeding rate and genotype effects on agronomic performance and grain protein content of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. Durum) in south-eastern Ethiopia

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development ◽

10.18697/ajfand.58.10555 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (58) ◽

pp. 7693-7710

Author(s):

Haile D ◽

◽

R Nigussie-Dechassa ◽

W Abdo ◽

F Girma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Protein Content ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Grain Protein Content ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Number Of Seeds

The use of optimum seeding rate for the genotype may enhance productivity and grain protein content of durum wheat. Therefore, an experiment was conducted at two locations in south-eastern Ethiopia during the main cropping season of 2008 with the objective of elucidating the effects of seeding rate and genotype on agronomic performance and grain protein content of the crop. The experiment consisted of factorial arrangements of four improved durum wheat genotypes and five seeding rates, which were laid out as a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Seeding rates significantly influenced agronomic performances including number of fertile spikes m-2, plant height, number of seeds spike-1, and grain yield. Number of fertile spikes m-2 was increased proportionally with the seeding rate and the highest number (382 spikes m-2) was recorded in the highest seeding rate of 200kg ha-1. Inversely, the highest number of kernels spike-1 (29.8) was at the seeding rate of 100 kg ha-1. The highest grain yield (4341 kg ha-1) was obtained in response to seeding rate of 175 kg ha-1, which was in statistical parity with the yield obtained at the seeding rate of 150 kg ha-1. However, grain protein content was not influenced by the seeding rates. There were significant (P ≤ 0.05) variations among the genotypes for all the agronomic traits measured. The largest number of fertile spikes m-2 was recorded for the genotypes Oda (360 spikes m-2) and Bakalcha (345 spikes m-2). Genotype Illani produced the longest spike (6.9 cm). Oda and Illani produced the highest numbers of seeds spike-1, 38.8 and 36.9, respectively. The number of fertile spikes m-2, number of seeds spike-2 and kernels weight significantly contributed grain yield. The genotypes had exhibited less variation for grain protein content. Except for grain yield and harvest index, seeding rate x genotype interaction had no significant effect on other agronomic traits. Highest grain yields of 4938 kg ha-1 and 4774 kg ha1 were obtained from genotypes Ejersa and Bakalcha when sown at the seeding rate of 150 kg ha-1 and 175 kg ha-1, respectively. Grain protein response was significantly influenced by the interaction effect in which genotype Oda had the highest (12.9%) and lowest (10.5%) protein contents at the highest (200 kg ha-1) and lowest (100 kg ha-1) seeding rates, respectively.

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Detection of QTLs for panicle-related traits using an indica × japonica recombinant inbred line population in rice

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.12504 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e12504

Author(s):

Guan Li ◽

Yichen Cheng ◽

Man Yin ◽

Jinyu Yang ◽

Jiezheng Ying ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Linkage Map ◽

Genetic Map ◽

Inbred Line ◽

Recombinant Inbred Line ◽

Recombinant Inbred Line Population ◽

Recombinant Inbred ◽

High Density ◽

Rice Grain ◽

High Density Linkage Map

Background The panicle is the most important organ in rice, and all the panicle-related traits are correlated with rice grain yield. Understanding the underlying genetic mechanisms controlling panicle development is very important for improving rice production. Methods Nine panicle-related traits including heading date, panicle length, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of grains per panicle, number of panicles per plant, number of filled grains per plant, seed-setting rate, and grain yield per plant were investigated. To map the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the nine panicle-related traits, a PCR-based genetic map with 208 markers (including 121 simple sequence repeats and 87 InDels) and a high-density linkage map with 18,194 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were both used. Results Using a recombinant inbred line population derived from an indica variety Huanghuazhan and a japonica line Jizi 1560, a total of 110 and 112 QTLs were detected for panicle-related traits by PCR-based genetic map and by high-density linkage map, respectively. Most of the QTLs were clustered on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 6, and 7 while no QTLs were detected on chromosome 10. Almost all the QTLs with LOD values of more than 5.0 were repeatedly detected, indicating the accuracy of the two methods and the stability of the QTL effects. No genes for panicle-related traits have been previously reported in most of these regions. QTLs found in JD1006–JD1007 and RM1148–RM5556 with high LOD and additive values deserved further research. The results of this study are beneficial for marker-assisted breeding and provide research foundation for further fine-mapping and cloning of these QTLs for panicle-related traits.

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Simultaneous improvement of grain yield and protein content in durum wheat by different phenotypic indices and genomic selection

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00122-018-3080-z ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 131 (6) ◽

pp. 1315-1329 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

M. Rapp ◽

V. Lein ◽

F. Lacoudre ◽

J. Lafferty ◽

E. Müller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Protein Content ◽

Genomic Selection

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Does post‐anthesis heat stress affect plant phenology, physiology, grain yield and protein content of durum wheat in a semi‐arid Mediterranean environment?

Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science ◽

10.1111/jac.12323 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 205 (3) ◽

pp. 309-323 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Salvatore L. Cosentino ◽

Emanuele Sanzone ◽

Giorgio Testa ◽

Cristina Patanè ◽

Umberto Anastasi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Protein Content ◽

Plant Phenology ◽

Mediterranean Environment ◽

Semi Arid

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Estimates of variation and heritability of some quantitative and quality characters in Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.)

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.55.2007.2.14 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 261-264

Author(s):

S. Sharma ◽

Y. Sharma

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Protein Content ◽

Plant Height ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Gene Effects ◽

Additive Gene Effects ◽

Wide Range ◽

Additive Gene ◽

High Heritability

The results obtained for the parental, F 1 and F 2 generations of a 10 × 10 diallel set (excluding reciprocals) of durum wheat revealed that there were significant differences between all the hundred genotypes for all the characters. The genotypes represented a wide range of expression for almost all the characters. High estimates of GCV (genetic coefficient of variation) were observed for the number of effective tillers, grain yield per plant, harvest index and 1000-grain weight. The low values of GCV recorded for days to heading, grain protein content and plant height indicated their limited scope for improvement. High heritability (h 2 ) values ranging from 92.27% (grain yield/plant) to 99.00% (protein content) were observed for all the characters. The highest expected GA (genetic advance) as a percentage of the mean was manifested for harvest index, followed by plant height, number of effective tillers per plant and grain yield per plant. These traits also possessed high estimates of heritability, indicating that most of the variation in these characters was due to additive gene effects. For protein content high heritability was observed with low genetic gain, indicating non-additive gene effects. Thus, a systematic approach based on selection for harvest index, plant height and number of effective tillers per plant on the basis of high per se performance would be the most effective approach for improving the yield level of durum wheat. The wealth of variability available in the hybrid populations offers good prospects for its improvement in the near future.

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Wheat Response to No-Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization in a Long-Term Faba Bean-Based Rotation

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9020050 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 50 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Salem Ali ◽

Luigi Tedone ◽

Leonardo Verdini ◽

Eugenio Cazzato ◽

Giuseppe De Mastro

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Protein Content ◽

Faba Bean ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Grain Protein Content ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

No Tillage

A field experiment was conducted in Southern Italy to study the response of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) grain yield and quality traits to a no-tillage (NT) system and different nitrogen N fertilizer rates (30, 60, and 90 kg N ha−1). The NT system was evaluated and compared to conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage within continuous wheat (WW) and faba bean–wheat (FW) crop sequences over 3-years (2010–2012). The results showed a promising grain yield increase (30%) in the last year. The effect of the N rate on protein content was significant, while productive parameters were not significantly influenced due to both weather conditions and the previous crop. Tillage effect was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) positive on grain yield, yield components and quality parameters, especially in NT system, and was more pronounced when accompanied with faba bean in the rotation system. Despite producing a lower grain protein content (13%) compared to other systems, NT produced good semolina quality (with higher hectoliter weight and lower percentage of broken and shriveled grains). This study provides useful information for farmers on how to produce a satisfactory yield and good grain quality with minimum inputs, helping to design sustainable strategies for durum wheat cultivation in the dry regions.

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Phenology and Dwarfing Gene Interaction Effects on the Adaptation of Selected Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Advanced Lines across Diverse Water-Limited Environments of Western Australia

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10100470 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 470

Author(s):

Mirza A.N.N.U. Dowla ◽

Shahidul Islam ◽

Katia Stefanova ◽

Graham O’ Hara ◽

Wujun Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Protein Content ◽

Gene Interaction ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Interaction Effects ◽

Dwarfing Genes ◽

Heading Time ◽

Dwarfing Gene ◽

Photoperiod Sensitive

Photoperiod, vernalization, and plant height controlling genes are major developmental genes in wheat that govern environmental adaptation and hence, knowledge on the interaction effects among different alleles of these genes is crucial in breeding cultivars for target environments. The interaction effects among these genes were studied in nineteen Australian advanced lines from diverse germplasm pools and four commercial checks. Diagnostic markers for the Vrn-A1 locus revealed the presence of the spring allele Vrn-A1a in 10 lines and Vrn-A1c in one line. The dominant alleles of Vrn-B1a and Vrn-D1a were identified in 19 and 8 lines, respectively. The most common photoperiod-insensitive allele of Ppd-D1a was identified in 19 lines and three and four copy photoperiod-insensitive alleles (Ppd-B1a and Ppd-B1c) were present in five and one lines, respectively. All the lines were photoperiod-sensitive for the Ppd-A1 locus. All lines were semi-dwarf, having either of the two dwarfing alleles; 14 lines had the Rht-B1b (Rht-1) and the remaining had the Rht-D1b (Rht-2) dwarfing allele. The presence of the photoperiod-insensitive allele Ppd-D1a along with one or two spring alleles at the Vrn1 loci resulted in an earlier heading and better yield. Dwarfing genes were found to modify the heading time—the Rht-D1b allele advanced heading by three days and also showed superior effects on yield-contributing traits, indicating its beneficial role in yield under rain-fed conditions along with an appropriate combination of photoperiod and vernalization alleles. This study also identified the adaptability value of these allelic combinations for higher grain yield and protein content across the different the water-limited environments.

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