High concentrations of essential and toxic elements in infant formula and infant foods – A matter of concern

Infant’s feeding patterns are important for development and growth; therefore babies are very sensitive to toxic elements, mainly through their food, so in the present study, the concentrations and daily intake of some Toxic Elements (TEs); Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg) and Aluminum (Al) were measured in different and random 60 dried infant foods {30 infant formula (0-6 months) and 30 milk-cereal based infant formula (6 months)} which obtained from various supermarkets and pharmacies. The analysis was done using Inductive Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). It could be determined the lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury and aluminum by mean values of 0.424±0.006, 0.205±0.003, 0.014±0.0001, 0.298±0.007and 0.464±0.029 mg/Kg in the examined infant milk formula samples and a ranged minimum to maximum concentrations of 0.114-0.177, 0.155-0.293, 0.014-0.015, 0.282-0.310 and 0.287-0.437 mg/kg, respectively in the examined milk-cereal based infant formula. Present study indicates that, the greater level of contamination of examined infant formula samples with toxic elements (lead and mercury) surpasses the maximum limit and Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) of these elements. Mercury is over PTDI (0.0005 mg/kg bw/day) in all milk-cereal based infant formula samples, also arsenic in all examined samples of this type of formula was exceed the maximum limit (0.05 mg/kg) of Indian standard. This investigation shows such types of infant formula need more amendment to set limit of more toxic metals for this sensitive group of population.

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Determination of Essential and Toxic Elements in Cattle Blood: Serum vs Plasma

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9070465 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 465 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Diego Luna ◽

Marta López-Alonso ◽

Yolanda Cedeño ◽

Lucas Rigueira ◽

Víctor Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Toxic Elements ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽

Essential And Toxic Elements ◽

High Concentrations

This study was designed to evaluate the influence of type of blood sample (serum or plasma) on essential and toxic element analysis in cattle. Paired plasma and serum samples (n = 20) were acid digested, and the concentrations of As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mg, Mn. Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr and Zn were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The study findings indicate that plasma and serum samples appear suitable and interchangeable for the determination of most of the essential and toxic elements in blood in cattle. The only exceptions are Cu and Se, the concentrations of which were significantly lower (40.9 and 29.9% respectively) in serum than in plasma. Some of the Cu in blood samples from bovine ruminants is known to be sequestered during clotting. However, further research on Se in ruminants and other animal species is warranted. Finally, the significantly higher Mn (9.9%) concentrations in serum than in plasma may have been caused by haemolysis of some samples. Special attention should be paid to preventing haemolysis of samples during collection and processing, in order to prevent overestimation of elements present at high concentrations inside erythrocytes (i.e., Fe, Mn and Zn).

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Determination of some essential and toxic elements composition of commercial infant formula in the Egyptian market and their contribution to dietary intake of infants

International Journal of Environmental & Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1080/03067319.2019.1637426 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 100 (5) ◽

pp. 525-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mahmoud M. Ghuniem ◽

Mona A. Khorshed ◽

Mostafa M.H. Khalil

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Infant Formula ◽

Toxic Elements ◽

Essential And Toxic Elements

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Essential and toxic elements in infant foods from Spain, UK, China and USA

Journal of Environmental Monitoring ◽

10.1039/c2em30379e ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2447 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Ángel A. Carbonell-Barrachina ◽

Amanda Ramírez-Gandolfo ◽

Xiangchun Wu ◽

Gareth J. Norton ◽

Francisco Burló ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxic Elements ◽

Infant Foods ◽

Essential And Toxic Elements

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Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Soils and Bulbs of Elephant Garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.) Grown in Valdichiana, a Traditional Cultivation Area of Tuscany, Italy

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11157023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 7023

Author(s):

Vannini Andrea ◽

Martina Grattacaso ◽

Giulia Canali ◽

Francesco Nannoni ◽

Luigi Antonello Di Lella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Risk ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Toxic Elements ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Potentially Toxic Elements ◽

Time Data ◽

Allium Ampeloprasum ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Risk Indices ◽

High Concentrations

The aim of this study was to provide, for the first time, data on the concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soils and bulbs of elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.) cultivated in Valdichiana, a traditional agricultural area of Tuscany, Italy. Bulbs of elephant garlic and soil samples were collected in four cultivation fields and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine the concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, Tl, U, V, Zn. The concentrations of these PTEs in bulbs and cultivation soils were used to calculate geochemical, ecological and health risk indices. The results of this study suggest that, although bulbs of elephant garlic from the Valdichiana area may present slightly high concentrations of Cd, Ni and Pb, the associated health risk based on the daily intake is absolutely negligible. Cultivation soils had somewhat high Cu concentrations probably due to the diffuse use of Cu-based products in agriculture, but showed overall a very low ecological risk.

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