Safflomin A: A Novel Chemical Marker for Carthamus tinctorius L. (Safflower) Monofloral Honey

Background: Vriddhi is one of the Rasayana herbs in Ayurveda broadly used in vitality, strengthening Ayurvedic formulations. To fulfill steeply increased demand and declined supply, tubers have been collected in destructive manner resulting in reduced plant population and pushing the plant in Red list of IUCN endangered species. However, manufacturers are using substitutes and other substandard drugs leading to adulteration which puts the importance of therapeutically rich herbal plants at stake. Lack of chemical markers is the main inability of regulatory authorities for not taking any action against this adulteration. Objective: Isolation of chemical marker of plant that can be used as a reference compound for identification of unauthorized substitution. Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening of methanolic and toluene extract of H. intermedia D. Don was done using standard methods followed by column chromatography for the isolation of phytoconstituents. A total of 3004 fractions were collected with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) profiling and different fractions were pooled. A single compound was isolated and confirmed by chemical test, melting point, spectral analysis and compared with the literature. Results: Phytochemical screening of extracts shows the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and phenolics. A pure white crystalline powder was isolated by column chromatography which was characterized as 3,5-dimethoxy-4- hydroxycinnamic acid (Sinapic acid) with the help of IR and Mass spectroscopy. Conclusion: This is the first report of Sinapic acid as a novel compound from Vriddhi, Habenaria genus and Orchidaceae family. It can be used as a marker for the identification of unauthorized substitution and adulteration claiming the use of Vriddhi.

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EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT GIBBERELLIC ACID DOSES ON SEED YIELD, OIL CONTENT AND SOME QUALITY TRAITS OF SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences ◽

10.22194/jgiass/5.1.774 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 5-9

Author(s):

Burhan Arslan ◽

Emrullah Culpan

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Oil Content ◽

Carthamus Tinctorius ◽

Quality Traits

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Study on dissolution behaviour and quantification of gallic acid as a chemical marker in Kacip Fatimah herbal medicinal products

10.1063/5.0051798 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Z. Noorazwani ◽

M. A. Nazurah ◽

M. N. A. Mohd Eeyad Arief ◽

Y. Harisun

Keyword(s):

Gallic Acid ◽

Medicinal Products ◽

Chemical Marker ◽

Herbal Medicinal Products ◽

Dissolution Behaviour ◽

Herbal Medicinal

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Quantitative Determination of the Effects of He-Ne Laser Irradiation on Seed Thermodynamics, Germination Attributes and Metabolites of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Relation with the Activities of Germination Enzymes

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11071411 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1411

Author(s):

Rashida Perveen ◽

Xiukang Wang ◽

Yasir Jamil ◽

Qasim Ali ◽

Shafaqat Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Energy Levels ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Carthamus Tinctorius ◽

Fast Decline ◽

Seed Irradiation ◽

Seed Reserves ◽

Positive Correlations

The present investigation was undertaken to assess the effects of different doses (100, 300, and 500 mJ) of low power He–Ne laser (632.8 nm) irradiation on seed germination and thermodynamics attributes and activities of potential germinating enzymes in relation with changes in seed metabolites. He–Ne laser seed irradiation increased the amylase (Amy), protease (Pro) and glucosidase (Gluco) activities, with a significant improvement in seed thermodynamics and seed germination attributes. A fast increase was found in free fatty acids (FFA), free amino acids (FAA), chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoids (Car), total soluble sugars (TSS) and reducing sugars (RS) in laser treated seeds in parallel with fast decline in seed oil contents and total soluble proteins (TSP). Significant positive correlations were recorded in laser-induced enhanced seed energy levels, germination, activities of germination enzymes with levels of FAA, FFA, Chl, TSS and RS, but a negative correlation with the levels of TSP and oil. In conclusion, the seed treatment with 100 and 300 mJ He–Ne laser was more effective to improve the seed germination potential associated with an improvement in seed energy levels due to increased activities of germination enzymes due to the speedy breakdown of seed reserves to simple metabolites as building blocks.

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