Design Development and Characterization of Mannosylated Carbon Nanotubes

- The proposed study was aimed at developing and exploring the efficiency of novel mannosylated MWCNTs. For selective drug delivery to alveolar macrophages, Paclitaxel was selected for incorporation into mannosylated MWCNTs based on its anticancer activity. Hopefully, this delivery system could be safely administered through i.v. route. We expect that this approach will improve management of drug therapy in cancer patients by delivering the drug at controlled rate for prolonged period of time at a desired site. The drug was found to be white to offwhite, crystalline powder that was similar in physical appearance as mentioned in I.P. 1996. Melting point of Paclitaxel was near to reported value. Solubility of the drug in different solvents at ambient temperature depicted its solubility in methanol, ethanol, acetone, dimethylsulphoxide and chloroform, while insoluble in distilled and PBS (pH 7.4). Drug entrapment efficiency of Paclitaxel loaded mannosylated MWCNTs was found to be increased. Keywords: Paclitaxel, Mannosylated MWCNTs, Anticancer, Solubility

DESIGN, OPTIMIZATION, AND EVALUATION OF IBUPROFEN FAST-DISSOLVING TABLETS EMPLOYING STARCH VALERATE – A NOVEL SUPER DISINTEGRANT

Objective: The main aim is to design, optimize, and evaluate ibuprofen fast-dissolving tablets by employing starch valerate-A novel super disintegrant. Methods: The fast-dissolving tablet of ibuprofen was prepared by employing starch valerate as super disintegrant in different proportions in each case by direct compression method using 23 factorial design, sodium starch glycolate, and crospovidone used as super disintegrants. In the 23 factorial design, these super disintegrants were applied to investigate the interaction effects of three variables, that is, (a) starch valerate, (b) sodium starch glycolate, and (c) crospovidone. The drug content, hardness, friability, disintegration time, and other dissolution characteristics were determined. Results: The starch valerate prepared was found to be fine, free-flowing, slightly crystalline powder. Starch xanthate exhibited good swelling in water with 125.2%. All the fast-dissolving tablets formulated employing starch valerate were of good quality with regard to drug content (100±5%), hardness (3.6–3.8 kg/sq. cm), and friability (0.11-0.12%). The disintegration time of all the formulated tablets was found to be in the range of 12±0.02 to 30±0.02s. The optimized formulation FL8 has the least disintegration time, that is, 12±0. 02s. The in vitro wetting time of the formulated tablets was found to be in the range of 21±0.09 to 44±0.10s. The in-vitro wetting time was less (i.e., 90s) in optimized formulation FL8. The water absorption ratio of the formulated tablets was found to be in the range of 30±0.12 to 100±0.09%. Conclusion: Starch valerate was found to be a super disintegrant which enhanced the dissolution efficiency when combined with sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone, with the ibuprofen.

Characterization of (Mg1.0Zn0.0)TiO3+4 wt%Bi2O3 Ceramics for Application as Resonator in Dielectric Resonator Oscillator Circuit

MgTiO3-based ceramics have potential applications in telecommunications systems at microwave frequencies, such as resonators in dielectric resonator oscillator (DRO) circuits. This paper reports the results of (Mg1.0Zn0.0)TiO3+4wt% Bi2O3 (abbreviated MZT0+4wt%Bi2O3) ceramic fabrication to assess its potential to be used as a resonator in the DRO circuit. We characterized its structure, microstructure, and bulk density. The addition of 4wt%Bi2O3 to MZT0 crystalline powder was carried out via ball-mill. The milled powder was compacted using a die press to obtain pellets. All pellets were sintered at 1100ºC for 4, 6, and 8 h. Ceramic structures of the 4 and 6 h holding time consists of MgTiO3 phase (94.33±2.68) and (95.34±1.95)% molar respectively, while the rest phase was TiO2. The 8-h ceramic structure comprises (96.11±2.94) % molar MgTiO3 accompanied by Mg2TiO5 and TiO2. The ceramics' microstructure consists of a cluster of grains with an average diameter of 1.32-2.24 μm and pores. Bulk density decreases with the increase of sintering holding time. The DRO characterization records a resonance signal each at 5.207, 5.005, and 5.121GHz with power approaching 0 dBm, suggesting that the MZT0+4wt%Bi2O3 ceramics can be used as a resonator in the DRO circuit working in microwave frequencies, especially at 5.0-5.2GHz.

Study on Friction and Wear Properties of Zr–Cu–Ni–Al Crystalline Powder Cladding and Amorphous Composite Powder Cladding by Laser

In order to improve the friction and wear performance and surface hardness of AISI 1045 steel and expand its application range, this paper carried out the research on friction and wear performance and surface hardness of Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17.5 crystalline powder (CP) and amorphous powder (AP) after laser cladding on AISI 1045 steel surface. The results show that both CP and amorphous powder (AP) formed a cladding layer on the surface of AISI 1045 steel under laser irradiation. The thickness of the cladding layer is about 400 μm, and the thickness of the AP cladding layer is slightly larger than that of the CP cladding layer. The results show that there are many holes in the AP cladding layer, and holes can be observed at the junction with the matrix; while the CP cladding layer is well combined with the matrix and no holes are observed. The friction performance of CP cladding layer is better than that of AP cladding layer. In the wear marks of the AP cladding layer, there are bonding areas, while the wear marks of the CP cladding layer have a furrow-like morphology, and part of the matrix is exposed. The surface microhardness and average microhardness of AP cladding layer are 49% and 94% higher than that of CP cladding layer, respectively. Hardness modification has obvious advantages. The reasons for porosity, large friction coefficient and low stability of the friction experiment of the AP cladding layer are analyzed and discussed. The ideas and methods for improving the laser irradiation to achieve both high wear resistance and high strength of the AP cladding layer are proposed.

Addiction of drugs like Cocaine and Opium - A Review

Cocaine is an addictive drug. Thousands of years ago it made by South America from leaves of coca plant. It is also known as a coke. It appears as a fine white crystalline powder. Surgeons used it to block pain, before the development of synthetic local aesthetic. There is no pharmacological treatment for that addiction. It impact on a genetic factor and brain. It also consists as a brain disease, which effects directly on a neuropath ways of brain and it modified the various enviourment factors like; epigenetic, hinges, mentality, social influences, etc. its addiction can developed quickly even after trying a few times. These drugs quickly affected health like; psychological effects, physical effects and mentally effects or any other diseases. All stimulants function as an extracellular concentration of dopamine, norpinephirine and serotonin which can induce symptoms such; paranoia, panic, hallucination, aggression, irritability, anxiety, depression, poor judgement, repeated or aberrant behaviour. Some physical effects of this medication are harmful weight loss; raise heart rate, nausea, abdomen pain, headaches, chest discomfort, heart arrhythmia, heart attack, seizure, stroke and many more such ailments. These drugs can block the transport of these neurotransmitters.

Synthesis of Ag decorated Zn-Co/TiO2 nanocomposites

Nanocomposites plays a very significant role in the catalysis and photocatalysis. Our aim is to synthesize multiphase nanocomposite material with advanced catalytic properties that are useful in the energy and environmental applications. Nano silver (Ag0) decorated Zinc-Cobalt/Titania composite (Ag decorated Zn-Co/TiO2, AZCT) with nonporous in nature as well as single grain size of 10–15 nm with beautiful morphological in nature. The material has multiphase crystalline in nature predicted from the powdered X-ray diffraction studies (PXRD) and FT-IR analysis, which illustrate the multiphase crystalline powder with high surface area of nanoporous in nature. The synthesized nanocomposite material is labelled as AZCT.

Fluorinated Tolane Dyads with Alkylene Linkage: Synthesis and Evaluation of Photophysical Characteristics

Light-emitting materials have received considerable attention because of their broad applications as substrates in bio-imaging and sensing components, light-emitting displays, and lighting devices. Herein, we developed fluorinated tolane and bistolane derivatives containing fluorinated aromatic rings and demonstrated their intense photoluminescence (PL) characteristics in crystalline powder states. We focused on molecules showing varied PL behavior with a change in the molecular aggregated structures. We synthesized novel fluorinated tolane dyads consisting of fluorinated tolane-based π-conjugated scaffolds and flexible alkylene linkages to control both the electron-density distribution and molecular aggregated states. Fluorinated tolane dyads connected with an alkylene linkage showed blue PL in a dilute solution, but the PL efficiency achieved was low. In contrast, the crystalline powder of tolane dyad substrates exhibited dual emission—relatively intense blue to deep blue PL—originating from monomer and aggregate emission. The PL behavior changed significantly with the alkylene linkage and the application of a mechanical stimulus to the crystalline powder sample. The fluorinated tolane dyads developed in this study could serve as stimulus-responsive photoluminescent materials suitable for optical applications.