Dietary whey proteins shield murine cecal microbiota from extensive disarray caused by a high-fat diet

AbstractRecently there has been a considerable rise in the frequency of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, due to changes in lifestyle and resultant imbalances between energy intake and expenditure. Whey proteins are considered as potentially important components of a dietary solution to the obesity problem. However, the roles of individual whey proteins in energy balance remain poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) containing α-lactalbumin (LAB), a specific whey protein, or the non-whey protein casein (CAS), on energy balance, nutrient transporters expression and enteric microbial populations. C57BL/6J mice (n 8) were given an HFD containing either 20 % CAS or LAB as protein sources or a low-fat diet containing CAS for 10 weeks. HFD-LAB-fed mice showed a significant increase in cumulative energy intake (P=0·043), without differences in body weight, energy expenditure, locomotor activity, RER or subcutaneous and epididymal white adipose tissue weight. HFD-LAB intake led to a decrease in the expression of glut2 in the ileum (P=0·05) and in the fatty acid transporter cd36 (P<0·001) in both ileum and jejunum. This suggests a reduction in absorption efficiency within the small intestine in the HFD-LAB group. DNA from faecal samples was used for 16S rRNA-based assessment of intestinal microbiota populations; the genera Lactobacillus, Parabacteroides and Bifidobacterium were present in significantly higher proportions in the HFD-LAB group. These data indicate a possible functional relationship between gut microbiota, intestinal nutrient transporters and energy balance, with no impact on weight gain.

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Comparative Study of Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharides in Regulating Cecal and Fecal Microbiota of High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19070364 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (7) ◽

pp. 364

Author(s):

Bin Wei ◽

Qiao-Li Xu ◽

Bo Zhang ◽

Tao-Shun Zhou ◽

Song-Ze Ke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Acid Extraction ◽

High Fat ◽

Sargassum Fusiforme ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Cecal Microbiota

Seaweed polysaccharides represent a kind of novel gut microbiota regulator. The advantages and disadvantages of using cecal and fecal microbiota to represent gut microbiota have been discussed, but the regulatory effects of seaweed polysaccharides on cecal and fecal microbiota, which would benefit the study of seaweed polysaccharide-based gut microbiota regulator, have not been compared. Here, the effects of two Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides prepared by water extraction (SfW) and acid extraction (SfA) on the cecal and fecal microbiota of high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice were investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results indicated that 16 weeks of HFD dramatically impaired the homeostasis of both the cecal and fecal microbiota, including the dominant phyla Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, and genera Coriobacteriaceae, S24-7, and Ruminococcus, but did not affect the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Clostridiales, Oscillospira, and Ruminococcaceae in cecal microbiota and the Simpson’s index of fecal microbiota. Co-treatments with SfW and SfA exacerbated body weight gain and partially reversed HFD-induced alterations of Clostridiales and Ruminococcaceae. Moreover, the administration of SfW and SfA also altered the abundance of genes encoding monosaccharide-transporting ATPase, α-galactosidase, β-fructofuranosidase, and β-glucosidase with the latter showing more significant potency. Our findings revealed the difference of cecal and fecal microbiota in HFD-fed mice and demonstrated that SfW and SfA could more significantly regulate the cecal microbiota and lay important foundations for the study of seaweed polysaccharide-based gut microbiota regulators.

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Short-Chain Inulin Modulates the Cecal Microbiota Structure of Leptin Knockout Mice in High-Fat Diet

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.703929 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yan Feng ◽

Jianghao Feng ◽

Lei Wang ◽

Ai Meng ◽

Siang Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knockout Mice ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Sugar Metabolism ◽

Diet Group ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Short Chain ◽

Wild Type ◽

High Fat ◽

Cecal Microbiota

The aim of this study was to explore the effect of short-chain inulin on cecal microbiota of high-fat diet-fed leptin knockout mice and the different influences of cecal microbiota on wild-type and leptin knockout mice. A total of 18 specific pathogen-free male C57BL/6J wild-type mice and 18 C57BL/6J leptin knockout mice (OB/OB mice) were selected. Mice were divided into six groups according to their genotype: wild-type mice have three groups, including the normal diet group (CT), 60% high-fat diet group (CH), and 60% high fat with 10% short-chain inulin group (CHI); OB/OB mice were also divided into three groups, including the normal diet group (OT), 60% high-fat diet group (OH), and 60% high fat with 10% short-inulin group (OHI). The mice were fed for 8 weeks to analyze the diversity of cecal microbiota. The results show that compared with CH and OH, the variety of cecal microbiota was significantly reduced in CH and OH and further reduced in CHI and OHI. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the biomarkers in genus level. Dietary short-chain inulin significantly enhanced Bifidobacterium in OHI compared with OH (p < 0.01) and significantly reduced in CHI and compared with CH (p < 0.01). Lactobacillus was significantly enhanced in CHI and OHI compared with CH and OH, respectively (p < 0.01). Blautia was significantly enhanced in CH and OH compared with other groups (p < 0.01). Both Escherichia-Shigella and Enterococcus were significantly reduced in CHI and OHI, compared with CH and OH, respectively (p < 0.05). Escherichia-Shigella was even lower than CT and OT in CHI and OHI. Functional prediction of microbial communities showed that the abundance of amino acid sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism pathways were significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) in CH and OH, and OH was significantly higher than CH (p < 0.05). Among the leptin knockout groups, PICRUSt2 function prediction showed that the fatty acid metabolism pathway significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in OHI and OT compared with OH. In conclusion, short-chain inulin modulated the dysbiosis induced by high-fat diet, improved probiotics growth and inhibited conditioned pathogenic bacteria, and the influences were significantly different in wild-type and leptin knockout mice.

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Diet change affects intestinal microbiota restoration and improves vertical sleeve gastrectomy outcome in diet-induced obese rats

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s00394-020-02190-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (8) ◽

pp. 3555-3564 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joana Rossell ◽

Björn Brindefalk ◽

Juan Antonio Baena-Fustegueras ◽

Julia Peinado-Onsurbe ◽

Klas I. Udekwu

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Next Generation Sequencing ◽

Ribosomal Rna ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Control Diet ◽

Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

High Fat ◽

Cecal Microbiota ◽

Generation Sequencing

Abstract Purpose Obesity, a worldwide health problem, is linked to an abnormal gut microbiota and is currently most effectively treated by bariatric surgery. Our aim was to characterize the microbiota of high-fat fed Sprague–Dawley rats when subjected to bariatric surgery (i.e., vertical sleeve gastrectomy) and posterior refeeding with either a high-fat or control diet. We hypothesized that bariatric surgery followed by the control diet was more effective in reverting the microbiota modifications caused by the high-fat diet when compared to either of the two factors alone. Methods Using next-generation sequencing of ribosomal RNA amplicons, we analyzed and compared the composition of the cecal microbiota after vertical sleeve gastrectomy with control groups representing non-operated rats, control fed, high-fat fed, and post-operative diet-switched animals. Rats were fed either a high-fat or control low-fat diet and were separated into three comparison groups after eight weeks comprising no surgery, sham surgery, and vertical sleeve gastrectomy. Half of the rats were then moved from the HFD to the control diet. Using next-generation sequencing of ribosomal RNA amplicons, we analyzed the composition of the cecal microbiota of rats allocated to the vertical sleeve gastrectomy group and compared it to that of the non-surgical, control fed, high-fat fed, and post-operative diet-switched groups. Additionally, we correlated different biological parameters with the genera exhibiting the highest variation in abundance between the groups. Results The high-fat diet was the strongest driver of altered taxonomic composition, relative microbial abundance, and diversity in the cecum. These effects were partially reversed in the diet-switched cohort, especially when combined with sleeve gastrectomy, resulting in increased diversity and shifting relative abundances. Several highly-affected genera were correlated with obesity-related parameters. Conclusions The dysbiotic state caused by high-fat diet was improved by the change to the lower fat, higher fiber control diet. Bariatric surgery contributed significantly and additively to the diet in restoring microbiome diversity and complexity. These results highlight the importance of dietary intervention following bariatric surgery for improved restoration of cecal diversity, as neither surgery nor change of diet alone had the same effects as when combined.

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Dietary incorporation of whey proteins and galactooligosaccharides exhibits improvement in glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in high fat diet fed mice

Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.5455/jice.20170526091235 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Praveen Kavadi ◽

Ramesh Pothuraju ◽

Raj Sharma ◽

Jayasimha Chagalamarri ◽

Gaurav Bhakri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Glucose Homeostasis ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Whey Proteins ◽

High Fat

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Differences in fecal and cecal microbiota in C57BL/6J mice fed normal and high fat diet

Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry ◽

10.3839/jabc.2021.054 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 399-405

Author(s):

Sunwoo Lee ◽

Singh Vineet ◽

Tatsuya Unno

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Cecal Microbiota

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Tu1848 Chronic Oral Exposure to Ultrafine Particulate Matter Alters the Cecal Microbiota Composition but Not Ileal Permeability in LDLR-Null Male Mice Fed a High Fat Diet

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(16)33242-5 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 150 (4) ◽

pp. S959

Author(s):

Muriel H. Larauche ◽

Rongsong Li ◽

Nabila Moussaoui ◽

Jieping Yang ◽

Susanne M. Henning ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Oral Exposure ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Male Mice ◽

High Fat ◽

Cecal Microbiota ◽

Ultrafine Particulate Matter

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Abstract # P-20: 11b-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 1 Regulation in High Fat Diet Induced Insulin Resistant Rats and Rats Treated with Sutherlandia Frutescens

Endocrine Practice ◽

10.1016/s1530-891x(20)43833-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Ngozi F. Nnolum-Orji ◽

Saartjie Roux ◽

Janine Mackenzie ◽

Disang Lekutlane

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽

High Fat ◽

Insulin Resistant ◽

Sutherlandia Frutescens

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Effects of Maternal Flaxseed Supplementation on Female Offspring of Diabetic Rats in Serum Concentration of Glucose, Insulin, and Thyroid Hormones

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000259 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 89 (1-2) ◽

pp. 45-54

Author(s):

Akemi Suzuki ◽

André Manoel Correia-Santos ◽

Gabriela Câmara Vicente ◽

Luiz Guillermo Coca Velarde ◽

Gilson Teles Boaventura

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormones ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Female Offspring ◽

Flaxseed Oil ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

High Fat ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Flaxseed Flour ◽

Maternal Consumption

Abstract. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal consumption of flaxseed flour and oil on serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, and thyroid hormones of the adult female offspring of diabetic rats. Methods: Wistar rats were induced to diabetes by a high-fat diet (60%) and streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Rats were mated and once pregnancy was confirmed, were divided into the following groups: Control Group (CG): casein-based diet; High-fat Group (HG): high-fat diet (49%); High-fat Flaxseed Group (HFG): high-fat diet supplemented with 25% flaxseed flour; High-fat Flaxseed Oil group (HOG): high-fat diet, where soya oil was replaced with flaxseed oil. After weaning, female pups (n = 6) from each group were separated, received a commercial rat diet and were sacrificed after 180 days. Serum insulin concentrations were determined by ELISA, the levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined by chemiluminescence. Results: There was a significant reduction in body weight at weaning in HG (−31%), HFG (−33%) and HOG (44%) compared to CG (p = 0.002), which became similar by the end of 180 days. Blood glucose levels were reduced in HFG (−10%, p = 0.044) when compared to CG, and there was no significant difference between groups in relation to insulin, T3, T4, and TSH after 180 days. Conclusions: Maternal severe hyperglycemia during pregnancy and lactation resulted in a microsomal offspring. Maternal consumption of flaxseed reduces blood glucose levels in adult offspring without significant effects on insulin levels and thyroid hormones.

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