Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) flour soluble extract improve intestinal bacterial populations, brush border membrane functionality and morphology in vivo (Gallus gallus)

This study assessed and compared the effects of the intra-amniotic administration of various concentrations of soluble extracts from chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) on the Fe and Zn status, brush border membrane functionality, intestinal morphology, and intestinal bacterial populations, in vivo. The hypothesis was that chia seed soluble extracts will affect the intestinal morphology, functionality and intestinal bacterial populations. By using the Gallus gallus model and the intra-amniotic administration approach, seven treatment groups (non-injected, 18 Ω H2O, 40 mg/mL inulin, non-injected, 5 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL of chia seed soluble extracts) were utilized. At hatch, the cecum, duodenum, liver, pectoral muscle and blood samples were collected for assessment of the relative abundance of the gut microﬂora, relative expression of Fe- and Zn-related genes and brush border membrane functionality and morphology, relative expression of lipids-related genes, glycogen, and hemoglobin levels, respectively. This study demonstrated that the intra-amniotic administration of chia seed soluble extracts increased (p < 0.05) the villus surface area, villus length, villus width and the number of goblet cells. Further, we observed an increase (p < 0.05) in zinc transporter 1 (ZnT1) and duodenal cytochrome b (Dcytb) proteins gene expression. Our results suggest that the dietary consumption of chia seeds may improve intestinal health and functionality and may indirectly improve iron and zinc intestinal absorption.

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Low Phytate Peas (Pisum sativum L.) Improve Iron Status, Gut Microbiome, and Brush Border Membrane Functionality In Vivo (Gallus gallus)

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12092563 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2563 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tom Warkentin ◽

Nikolai Kolba ◽

Elad Tako

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Brush Border ◽

Brush Border Membrane ◽

Iron Status ◽

Gallus Gallus ◽

Intestinal Microbiome ◽

Physiological Status ◽

Dietary Iron

The inclusion of pulses in traditional wheat-based food products is increasing as the food industry and consumers are recognizing the nutritional benefits due to the high protein, antioxidant activity, and good source of dietary fiber of pulses. Iron deficiency is a significant global health challenge, affecting approximately 30% of the world’s population. Dietary iron deficiency is the foremost cause of anemia, a condition that harms cognitive development and increases maternal and infant mortality. This study intended to demonstrate the potential efficacy of low-phytate biofortified pea varieties on dietary iron (Fe) bioavailability, as well as on intestinal microbiome, energetic status, and brush border membrane (BBM) functionality in vivo (Gallus gallus). We hypothesized that the low-phytate biofortified peas would significantly improve Fe bioavailability, BBM functionality, and the prevalence of beneficial bacterial populations. A six-week efficacy feeding (n = 12) was conducted to compare four low-phytate biofortified pea diets with control pea diet (CDC Bronco), as well as a no-pea diet. During the feeding trial, hemoglobin (Hb), body-Hb Fe, feed intake, and body weight were monitored. Upon the completion of the study, hepatic Fe and ferritin, pectoral glycogen, duodenal gene expression, and cecum bacterial population analyses were conducted. The results indicated that certain low-phytate pea varieties provided greater Fe bioavailability and moderately improved Fe status, while they also had significant effects on gut microbiota and duodenal brush border membrane functionality. Our findings provide further evidence that the low-phytate pea varieties appear to improve Fe physiological status and gut microbiota in vivo, and they highlight the likelihood that this strategy can further improve the efficacy and safety of the crop biofortification and mineral bioavailability approach.

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Soluble extracts from carioca beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) affect the gut microbiota and iron related brush border membrane protein expression in vivo (Gallus gallus)

Food Research International ◽

10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.060 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 123 ◽

pp. 172-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Desirrê Morais Dias ◽

Nikolai Kolba ◽

Jon J. Hart ◽

Michelle Ma ◽

Sybil T. Sha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Membrane Protein ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Brush Border ◽

Brush Border Membrane ◽

Gallus Gallus ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Membrane Protein Expression

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Quinoa Fiber and Quercetin Alter the Composition and Function of the Cecal Microbiome and Improve Brush Border Membrane Functionality and Morphology In-Vivo (Gallus gallus)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab037_002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 292-292

Author(s):

Nikita Agarwal ◽

Noa Khen ◽

Nikolai Kolba ◽

Elad Tako

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Brush Border ◽

Brush Border Membrane ◽

Iron Status ◽

Gallus Gallus ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Soluble Fiber ◽

Mineral Solubility ◽

And Function

Abstract Objectives Assessment and comparison of the effects of various concentrations of soluble extracts of quinoa fiber (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and quercetin-3-glucoside on the zinc and iron status, brush border membrane (BBM) functionality, intestinal morphology, and cecal bacterial populations in-vivo (Gallus gallus). Methods The study utilized Gallus gallus intra-amniotic feeding, a clinically validated method to assess the effects of quinoa, quercetin, and control using seven groups (no injection, 18 Ω H2O, 5% inulin, 1% quercetin 3-glucoside, 2.5% quinoa fiber, 5% quinoa fiber, 1% quercetin 3-glucoside + 5% quinoa fiber). Upon hatch, the cecum, duodenum, pectoral muscle, liver, and blood samples were collected for the estimation of the relative abundance of the gut microbiome, mRNA gene expression Zn and Fe-related transporter proteins and brush border membrane functionality and morphology, glycogen, relative expression of lipid-related genes and hemoglobin levels, respectively. Results The results demonstrated an increase (P < 0.05) in villi height, weight, and surface area in the groups administered with quercetin, and a dose-dependent increase was observed with quinoa soluble fiber treatment. Additionally, an increase in ferroportin and duodenal cytochrome B (DcytB) was observed in the group injected with both quinoa and quercetin. Similarly, zinc transporter 7 (ZnT7) and sucrose-isomaltase (SI) gene expression was upregulated in this group. Further, the administration of quinoa soluble fiber altered the composition and function of the cecal microbiome. Conclusions The evidence suggests that quinoa and quercetin have a synergistic effect, together they are found to improve BBM morphology and functionality, affect the intestinal microbiome, increase short-chain fatty acid production, and thereby improving mineral solubility. Quinoa fibers, a polyphenol-rich superfood, may help fight micronutrient deficiencies in target populations. Funding Sources N/A.

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Potential differences influence amino acid/Na+ symport rates in larval Manduca sexta midgut brush-border membrane vesicles.

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.189.1.55 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 189 (1) ◽

pp. 55-67

Author(s):

R Parthasarathy ◽

W R Harvey

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Manduca Sexta ◽

Brush Border ◽

Brush Border Membrane ◽

Membrane Vesicles ◽

Brush Border Membrane Vesicles ◽

Rate Determining Step ◽

Half Saturation Constant

The time-dependent fluorescence intensity of an intravesicular potential-sensitive dye was used to probe the real-time kinetics of potential difference (PD)-dependent amino acid/Na+ symport at pH9 into brush-border membrane vesicles obtained from larval Manduca sexta midgut. Neutral amino acids (alanine, proline) are symported at higher rates as the vesicles are hyperpolarized. The symport rates of acidic (glutamate) and basic (arginine) amino acids are almost PD-independent. The half-saturation constant of alanine is PD-independent between -108 and -78 mV, although the maximal symport velocity increases by half as the voltage is increased. Amino acid throughput is evidently enhanced as the relatively high transmembrane PDs (> 150 mV, lumen positive) measured in vivo are approached. The half-saturation concentrations of Na+ were in the range 15-40 mmol l-1 for most of the amino acids examined and increased with voltage for alanine. The Vmax observed as a function of cation or amino acid concentration increased as the vesicle was hyperpolarized in the case of leucine and alanine. The data support the hypothesis that carrier and substrates are at equilibrium inasmuch as substrate translocation seems to be the rate-determining step of symport.

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Mechanism of maleic acid-induced glucosuria in dog kidney

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.231.4.1024 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 231 (4) ◽

pp. 1024-1032 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

M Silverman ◽

L Huang

Keyword(s):

Brush Border ◽

Maleic Acid ◽

Brush Border Membrane ◽

Multiple Indicator Dilution ◽

Dog Kidney ◽

Proximal Tubular ◽

Multiple Indicator ◽

Prior Administration

The multiple indicator-dilution technique in vivo and isolated brush-border membranes in vitro have been used to explore the mechanism of maleic acid-induced glucosuria in dog kidney. The interaction of D-glucose with the antiluminal membrane from the peritubular fluid surface is unaltered. It is demonstrated that alpha-methyl-D-glucoside (alpha MG) enters and exits from the proximal tubular cell only across the brush-border membrane. Then using alphaMG as a reference indicator, it is shown that maleic acid does not cause complete inhibition of D-glucose interaction with the antiluminal membrane from the cytoplasmic surface. The binding of [3H]phlorizin both in vivo and in vitro is not affected by prior administration of maleic acid, indicating that D-glucose interaction with the outside surface of the brush border is also not affected by maleic acid. The data are therefore consistent with the concept that maleic acid-induced glucosuria is due either to i) partial inhibition of D-glucose movement from cytoplasm across the antiluminal membrane into the blood, ii) stimulated movement back across the brush-border membrane into urine, or iii) a combination of the two effects.

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Internalization and intracellular transport of folate-binding protein in rat kidney proximal tubule

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.1993.264.2.c302 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 264 (2) ◽

pp. C302-C310 ◽

Cited By ~ 89

Author(s):

H. Birn ◽

J. Selhub ◽

E. I. Christensen

Keyword(s):

Plasma Membrane ◽

Proximal Tubule ◽

Brush Border ◽

Intracellular Transport ◽

Brush Border Membrane ◽

Specific Binding ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Rat Kidney ◽

Folate Binding Protein

Folate-binding protein (FBP) is involved in folate reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule. Immunocytochemical studies have located FBP to the brush-border membrane, endocytic vacuoles, and dense apical tubules. We applied the same polyclonal antibody (anti-FBP) against FBP to investigate the dynamic relationship between FBP in the different compartments by microinjecting the antibody into rat kidney proximal tubules in situ. Specific binding of anti-FBP in vivo to the brush-border membrane was followed by fixation at various times. Protein A-gold labeling shows that anti-FBP is transported from endocytic invaginations into vacuoles followed by transport into dense apical tubules within 15 s. Thus FBP is rapidly internalized, and together with previous studies this study strongly suggests recycling of FBP back to the luminal plasma membrane through dense apical tubules. The results are consistent with reabsorption of folate through endocytosis of the FBP-folate complex followed by dissociation and recycling of FBP. When time is allowed there is a steady accumulation of FBP in dense apical tubules combined with an increase in surface density of the same compartment. A possible explanation involves partial inhibition of the fusion between dense apical tubules and plasma membrane because of the anti-FBP labeling of the receptor.

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Indirect coupling of urate and p-aminohippurate transport to sodium in human brush-border membrane vesicles

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1996.270.1.f61 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 270 (1) ◽

pp. F61-F68 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

F. Roch-Ramel ◽

B. Guisan ◽

L. Schild

Keyword(s):

Brush Border ◽

Brush Border Membrane ◽

Membrane Vesicles ◽

Brush Border Membrane Vesicles ◽

Indirect Coupling ◽

Sodium Gradient ◽

Beta Hydroxybutyrate ◽

Sodium Cotransport ◽

Stimulation Of

[14C]urate and p-[14C]aminohippurate (PAH) uptake by human brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) were measured in the presence of an inwardly oriented sodium gradient. No direct sodium cotransport was observed. Indirect [14C]urate coupling to sodium transport was demonstrated by cis-stimulation of [14C]urate with nicotinate or pyrazinoate (PZA) in the extravesicular medium but not by adding lactate, alpha-ketoglutarate, or beta-hydroxybutyrate. Indirect sodium coupling of [14C]PAH uptake was observed only when alpha-ketoglutarate was added to the extravesicular medium, a mechanism similar to that of basolateral membranes. The ability for PZA (and nicotinate) to cis-stimulate urate uptake was correlated with a high apparent affinity for the urate/anion exchanger. In urate-loaded vesicles, for identical medium concentrations, [14C]PZA uptake via the urateanion exchanger was 10 times higher than [14C]lactate uptake. Such high PZA affinity for the urate exchanger, working in parallel with PZA sodium cotransport can account for the stimulation of urate reabsorption by PZA in vivo.

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Cholera toxin facilitates calcium transport in jejunal brush border vesicles

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y86-094 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 568-574 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

David D. Maenz ◽

G. W. Forsyth

Keyword(s):

Cholera Toxin ◽

Brush Border ◽

Brush Border Membrane ◽

Equilibrium Dialysis ◽

Membrane Vesicles ◽

Second Messenger ◽

Brush Border Membrane Vesicles ◽

Ionophore A23187

Cholera toxin is very well characterized in terms of the activation of adenylate cyclase. In some systems, however, this cyclase activation does not seem to account for all of the physiological responses to the toxin. On the premise that cholera toxin may also exert effects through other second messenger compounds we have studied the effect of cholera toxin on the rate of Ca2+ movement across the membrane of intestinal brush border vesicles. Increasing concentrations of cholera toxin progressively accelerated the passive uptake of Ca2+ into, and the efflux of Ca2+ from, an osmotically active space in brush border membrane vesicles. This effect of cholera toxin was saturable by excess Ca2+ and was relatively specific, as the toxin did not affect vesicle permeability to an uncharged polar solute. The toxin had two high affinity Ca2+ binding sites on the A subunit as measured by equilibrium dialysis. Ca2+ transport facilitated by cholera toxin was temperature dependent, required the holotoxin, and could be inhibited by preincubation of the toxin with excess free ganglioside GM1.This increased rate of Ca2+ influx caused by the in vitro addition of cholera toxin to brush border membrane vesicles may have physiological significance as it was comparable to rates observed with the Ca ionophore A23187. Similar effects occurring in vivo could permit cholera toxin to increase cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations and to produce accompanying second messenger effects.

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