Dynamic analysis of physicochemical characteristics and microbial communities of Aspergillus-type Douchi during fermentation

2022 ◽  
pp. 110932
Author(s):  
Panwen Zhang ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Wenpeng Zhao ◽  
Kai Xiong ◽  
He Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics

scholarly journals Influence of Aged Biochar Modified by Cd2+ on Soil Properties and Microbial Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4868
Author(s):  
Kun Li ◽  
Guangcai Yin ◽  
Qiuyuan Xu ◽  
Junhua Yan ◽  
Zeng-Yei Hseu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Cadmium Adsorption

Biochar is a promising addition for cadmium-contaminated soil in-situ remediation, but its surface properties change after aging, cadmium adsorption is not well-documented, and subsequent environmental effects are still unknown. In this study, wood-derived (Eucalyptus saligna Sm.) biochar was pre-treated to simulate aging and the cadmium sorption process. We then analyzed the resulting physicochemical characteristics. We conducted comparative incubation studies on three age stages of biochar under cadmium adsorption or no cadmium adsorption and then measured soil properties and microbial communities after incubation. Biochar addition raised soil organic carbon (SOC), and aging significantly increased C/N ratios. Aged biochar promoted higher microbial abundance. Aged biochar treatments possessed different microflora with more gram-positive bacteria, significantly altering gram-positive/gram-negative bacteria ratios. Aging significantly increased the oxygen-containing functional groups (OCFGs) and surface area (SA) of biochar. Thus, aged biochar adsorbed more cadmium. Cadmium-binding biochar increased the proportion of gram-negative bacteria and decreased the proportions of gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Similar patterns in phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) across adsorption treatments indicated that changes in microbial communities due to the effects of cadmium were confined. The results reveal that biochar aging altered microbial community structure and function more than cadmium binding.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characteristics and Microbial Communities in Gochujang, a Traditional Korean Fermented Hot Pepper Paste

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-A Ryu ◽  
Eiseul Kim ◽  
Mi-Ju Kim ◽  
Shinyoung Lee ◽  
Sung-Ran Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Level

Gochujang is a Korean fermented hot pepper paste beneficial to human health by providing various nutrients. In this study, its physicochemical characteristics were identified, and its microbial communities were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. The interrelationship between physicochemical characteristics and microbial composition was investigated to reveal the properties of gochujang before and after fermentation. After fermentation, all samples showed decreased salt concentration, pH, and reducing sugar content, while the acidity and amino-type nitrogen increased. The water content, salt concentration, amino-type nitrogen, and reducing sugar differed according to the batches of samples. Bacillus, Aerosakkonema, and Enterococcus were identified as the predominant bacterial genera. Furthermore, Aerosakkonema was the most abundant genus before fermentation; however, it was replaced by Bacillus as it decreased after fermentation. For the fungi, Aspergillus dominated before fermentation, whereas Zygosaccharomyces and Millerozyma dominated after fermentation. The high level of amino-type nitrogen in gochujang was related to the relative abundance of B. haynesii/B. licheniformis before fermentation. Additionally, the high abundance of Z. rouxii after fermentation was related to the flavor of gochujang. This comprehensive analysis of the microbial community associated with the physicochemical properties of gochujang could help in understanding the factors affecting the quality of the product.

Dynamic Analysis of Physicochemical and Biochemical Indices and Microbial Communities of Light-Flavor Daqu during Storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penghui Liu ◽  
Lihong Zhang ◽  
Xiaowei Du ◽  
Jinglong Zhao ◽  
Gang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Biochemical Indices

scholarly journals Responses of Soil Microbial Community Composition and Enzyme Activities to Land-Use Change in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau, China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Da Luo ◽  
Rui-Mei Cheng ◽  
Shun Liu ◽  
Zuo-Min Shi ◽  
Qiu-Hong Feng
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Eastern Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Soil Microbial

The land-use change is a major determinant influencing ecosystem carbon (C) patterns and nutrient cycling in subalpine forests in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. While some results have been obtained in relation to the influence of land-use change on aboveground components, less is known about the belowground microbial communities and related processes. We assessed the structure and function of soil microbial communities following land-use change from old-growth forest (OF) to secondary forest (SF), plantation forest (PF), and grassland (GL) in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau, China. Phospholipid fatty acid profiles and enzyme activity analysis were used to determine the composition and activities of microbial communities, respectively. Significant differences in physicochemical characteristics, microbial communities, and extracellular enzyme activities in soils under different land uses were observed in this study. pH and total nitrogen (TN) in OF and SF were significantly higher than in GL. PF showed the highest soil organic C (SOC), and significantly higher than in GL. Total phosphorus (TP) and C/N ratio in PF were significantly higher than the other land-use types. OF and PF had significantly higher anaerobic bacteria than in GL. The actinobacteria in SF was significantly higher than in PF. The saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal (SEM) fungi was significantly lower in GL than the other land-use types. Total microbial biomass and β-glucosidase activities were significantly higher in OF and SF than in GL. GL had significantly higher polyphenoloxidase activities than in OF and PF. Anaerobic bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and SEM fungi were positively correlated with SOC and TP, Gram+ bacteria were correlated with C/P and N/P ratio. N-acetylglucosaminidase activity was negatively correlated with anaerobic bacteria, while polyphenoloxidase activity was positively related to actinobacteria. Furthermore, redundancy analysis revealed that the microbial community composition was primarily regulated by TN and pH. This suggested that altered land-use type initiated changes in the physicochemical characteristics of the soils, which affected the composition of microbial communities and microbial enzyme activities related to nutrient cycling in this area. This provides a scientific basis for the influence mechanism of land use on composition and function of microbial communities, as well as the rational utilization and management of land resources.

scholarly journals Succession of Microbial Communities in Waste Soils of an Iron Mine in Eastern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2463
Author(s):  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Pengfei Wei ◽  
Joseph Frazer Banda ◽  
Linqiang Ma ◽  
Weiao Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Mine Soils ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Iron Mine ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mine Dump

The reclamation of mine dump is largely centered on the role played by microorganisms. However, the succession of microbial community structure and function in ecological restoration of the mine soils is still poorly understood. In this study, soil samples with different stacking time were collected from the dump of an iron mine in China and the physicochemical characteristics and microbial communities of these samples were comparatively investigated. The results showed that the fresh bare samples had the lowest pH, highest ion concentration, and were the most deficient in nutrients while the acidity and ion concentration of old bare samples decreased significantly, and the nutritional conditions improved remarkably. Vegetated samples had the weakest acidity, lowest ion concentration, and the highest nutrient concentration. In the fresh mine soils, the iron/sulfur-oxidizers such as Acidiferrobacter and Sulfobacillus were dominant, resulting in the strongest acidity. Bacteria from genera Acidibacter, Metallibacterium, and phyla Cyanobacteria, WPS-2 were abundant in the old bare samples, which contributed to the pH increase and TOC accumulation respectively. Acidobacteriota predominated in the vegetated samples and promoted nutrient enrichment and plant growth significantly. The microbial diversity and evenness of the three types of soils increased gradually, with more complex microbial networks, suggesting that the microbial community became more mature with time and microorganisms co-evolved with the mine soils.

Applications of SEM/EDXA in cement clinker investigation

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 870-871
Author(s):  
Arezki Tagnit-Hamou ◽  
Shondeep L. Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bulk Chemical ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Proven Method ◽  
Instantaneous Chemical

All the desired properties of cement primarily depend on the physicochemical characteristics of clinker from which the cement is produced. The mineralogical composition of the clinker forms the most important parameter influencing these properties.Optical microscopy provides reasonably accurate information pertaining to the thermal history of the clinker, while XRDA still remains the proven method of phase identification, and bulk chemical composition of the clinker can be readily obtained from XRFA. Nevertheless, all these microanalytical techniques are somewhat limited in their applications, and SEM/EDXA combination fills this gap uniquely by virtue of its high resolution imaging capability and possibility of instantaneous chemical analysis of individual phases.Inhomogeneities and impurities in the raw meal, influence of kiln conditions such as sintering and cooling rate being directly related to the microstructure can be effectively determined by SEM/EDXA. In addition, several physical characteristics of cement, such as rhcology, grindability and hydraulicity also depend on the clinker microstructure.

A peek in the micro-sized world: a review of design principles, engineering tools, and applications of engineered microbial community

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-409
Author(s):  
Baizhen Gao ◽  
Rushant Sabnis ◽  
Tommaso Costantini ◽  
Robert Jinkerson ◽  
Qing Sun
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Global Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Synthetic Microbial Communities

Microbial communities drive diverse processes that impact nearly everything on this planet, from global biogeochemical cycles to human health. Harnessing the power of these microorganisms could provide solutions to many of the challenges that face society. However, naturally occurring microbial communities are not optimized for anthropogenic use. An emerging area of research is focusing on engineering synthetic microbial communities to carry out predefined functions. Microbial community engineers are applying design principles like top-down and bottom-up approaches to create synthetic microbial communities having a myriad of real-life applications in health care, disease prevention, and environmental remediation. Multiple genetic engineering tools and delivery approaches can be used to ‘knock-in' new gene functions into microbial communities. A systematic study of the microbial interactions, community assembling principles, and engineering tools are necessary for us to understand the microbial community and to better utilize them. Continued analysis and effort are required to further the current and potential applications of synthetic microbial communities.

Common modifications of selenocysteine in selenoproteins

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias S.J. Arnér
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Covalent Binding ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Redox Active

Abstract Selenocysteine (Sec), the sulfur-to-selenium substituted variant of cysteine (Cys), is the defining entity of selenoproteins. These are naturally expressed in many diverse organisms and constitute a unique class of proteins. As a result of the physicochemical characteristics of selenium when compared with sulfur, Sec is typically more reactive than Cys while participating in similar reactions, and there are also some qualitative differences in the reactivities between the two amino acids. This minireview discusses the types of modifications of Sec in selenoproteins that have thus far been experimentally validated. These modifications include direct covalent binding through the Se atom of Sec to other chalcogen atoms (S, O and Se) as present in redox active molecular motifs, derivatization of Sec via the direct covalent binding to non-chalcogen elements (Ni, Mb, N, Au and C), and the loss of Se from Sec resulting in formation of dehydroalanine. To understand the nature of these Sec modifications is crucial for an understanding of selenoprotein reactivities in biological, physiological and pathophysiological contexts.

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