scholarly journals A walk on the wild side: Disturbance dynamics and the conservation and management of European mountain forest ecosystems

2017 ◽  
Vol 388 ◽  
pp. 120-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Kulakowski ◽  
Rupert Seidl ◽  
Jan Holeksa ◽  
Timo Kuuluvainen ◽  
Thomas A. Nagel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Disturbance Dynamics ◽  
European Mountain ◽  
Conservation And Management

scholarly journals The state of mountain forest ecosystems in the Bashkir Nature Reserve (Southern Urals)

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 00006
Author(s):  
Ainur Biembetov ◽  
Nur Yanybayev ◽  
Ilnar Valiev
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
The State ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Current State

Environmental monitoring of specially protected natural reservations in Russia makes it necessary to analyze periodically the parameters of natural reservations to identify the state of components of nature. The Bashkir Nature Reserve is located in the Southern Urals. The availability of materials on forest management in 1956, 1969, 1979, and 2016 is one of the special features of the scientific fund of the Bashkir Nature Reserve. The analysis of these materials showed stable positive dynamics of the development of coniferous and small-leaved deciduous forestry and its current state.

Phenology Modelling and Forest Disturbance Mapping with Sentinel-2 time series in Austria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Löw ◽  
Koukal Tatjana
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Forest Disturbances ◽  
Disturbance Dynamics ◽  
Sentinel 2

Abstract Background Worldwide, forests provide natural resources and ecosystem services. However, forest ecosystems are threatened by increasing forest disturbance dynamics, caused by direct human activities or an altering natural environment. It is decisive to trace the intra- to trans-annual dynamics of these forest ecosystems. National to local forest communities request detailed area-wide maps that delineate forest disturbance dynamics at various spatial scales. Methods We developed a remote sensing based time series analysis (TSA) framework that comprises data access, data management, image pre-processing, and an advanced but flexible TSA. The data basis is a dense time series of multispectral Sentinel-2 images with a spatial resolution of 10 metres. We use a dynamic Savitzky-Golay-filtering approach to reconstruct robust but sensitive phenology courses. Deviations from the latter are further used to derive spatiotemporal information on forest disturbances. In a first case study, we apply the TSA to map forest disturbances directly or indirectly linked to recurring bark beetle infestation in Northern Austria. Finally, we use zonal statistics on different spatial scales to provide aggregated information on the extent of forest disturbances between 2018 and 2019.Results and Conclusion The outcomes are a) individual phenology models and deduced phenology metrics for each 10 metres by 10 metres forest pixel in Austria and b) forest disturbance maps useful to investigate the occurrence, development and extent of bark beetle infestation. The phenology modelling results provide area-wide consistent data, also useful for downstream analyses (e.g. forest type classification). Results of the forest disturbance detection demonstrate that the TSA is capable to systematically delineate disturbed forest areas. Information derived from such a forest monitoring tool is highly relevant for various stakeholders in the forestry sector, either for forest management purposes or for decision-making processes on different levels.

scholarly journals Ecosystem services from mountain forest ecosystems: conceptual framework, approach and challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-68
Author(s):  
Maria Glushkova ◽  
Miglena Zhiyanski ◽  
Stoyan Nedkov ◽  
Rositsa Yaneva ◽  
Lora Stoeva
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Mountain Ecosystems ◽  
Wide Range

Mountain ecosystems play an essential role in sustainable mountain development, providing benefits and values to humanity not only for the rich biodiversity they contain, but also because of their important role in climate regulation, water cycle, provisioning of recreation, tourism, cultural or spiritual values. The high biodiversity of the mountain areas allow the provision of a wide range of ecosystem services. However, different impacts to the environment threaten the delivery of these services and, consequently, the quality of life of people, both living in the mountains and outside the mountains. Recognizing, demonstrating and capturing the value of ecosystem services can play an important role in setting policy directions for ecosystem management and conservation and, thus, in increasing the provision of ecosystem services and their contributions to human well-being. Quantifying and mapping of these benefits can also help managers and decision makers to realize the importance of these sites for conservation and to allow the proper understandings of the impacts of mountain forest ecosystems on territorial development and welfare of local populations. The paper aims to outline the relevance and applicability of the ecosystem services approach for the assessment of the condition of mountain ecosystems and the services, they provide, for better understanding by the scientific community and to support decision makers in sustainable management of mountain regions.

scholarly journals Production potential of photosynthesis in forest ecosystems of the low mountain Pokuttya (Ukrainian Carpathians)

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
S. Y. Milevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Hydrological Conditions ◽  
Mapping Models

The aim of the study was testing on the example of a model region a method of estimation of the production potential of forest ecosystems and the consequences of anthropogenic changes there. The object of study is a typical Carpathian lower mountain forest in the basin of the river Lyuchka, an area of 14,806 ha. It has long undergone considerable agricultural transformations. Studies were based on cartographic modeling of modern anthropogenically transformed biogeocenotic cover using large scale satellite images. The main types of biogeocenotical cover were defined according to the altitudinal zonation of vegetation of the parts of the mountain terrain and the prevailing types of soil and hydrological conditions. For analytical procedures a database of materials describing the biometric features of the forests was created. It is possible to perform calculations of average and potential biometrical parameters of stands growing in different climatic, soil and hydrological conditions. The structure and the biological diversity of different vegetation types was determined by construction of mapping models of spatial structures of the basic types of biogeocenotic cover. The biological productivity of the main types of forest ecosystems was determined on base of the volume of timber stands. The mass of dry wood was determined taking into account its size and standard density of wood of different tree species. Calculation of the total volume of forest biomass was performed using the conversion factors of weight relative to the trunk timber volume. The mass of carbon deposited accounted for 50% of the total biomass. The average annual growth of biomass and carbon deposited was determined by dividing the volume of the stands by their average age. Calculation of phytocenosis consumed as a result of photosynthesis reaction of CO2, H2O and light energy was performed taking into account corresponding material and energy ratios. In general, in the course of one year the biogeocenotic cover of the model lowland area could deposit as a result of photosynthesis for the restoration of potential vegetation cover 43.3 ths. tons of carbon, while consuming 159 ths. t of CO2 and 65.2 ths. t of H2O and 1,724 ∙ 103 GJ of light energy, which is equivalent to 479 GW ∙ hour. During this process O2 – 115.7 ths. t would be emitted into the atmosphere. In terms of 1 hectare, this is equal to C – 2.92 t ∙ ha–1, CO2 – 10.7 t ∙ ha–1, H20 – 4.4 t ∙ha–1, O2 – 7.8 t ∙ ha–1, E – 116.4 GJ ∙ ha–1, which is equivalent to 32.3 MW ∙ h ∙ ha–1. The total production capacity of photosynthesis of the modern biogeocenotic cover model area is 38% of the potential. As a result, the energy loss is 20 MW ∙ h–1 ∙ ha–1 light energy to 1.9 t ∙ ha–1 less than the deposited carbon 6.7 t ∙ ha–1 less carbon dioxide used, 2.8 t ∙ ha–1 water is not used, 3.9 t ha–1 oxygen is not returned to the atmosphere. The large specific amount of unused resources of productivity of biogeocenotic cover, carbon dioxide, light energy, untranspired moisture in the air and unemitted oxygen can cause a significant impact on local climatic conditions. 

scholarly journals Soil respiration and its relationship with litter contributions in a wooded mountain soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 2382-2397
Author(s):  
Francisco Prieto García ◽  
Judith Prieto Méndez ◽  
Beatriz Valdes Prado ◽  
Eliazar Aquino Torres
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Carbon Flux ◽  
National Park ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Tropical Mountain ◽  
Wooded Area ◽  
Ecological Conservation ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACT Soil respiration in forest ecosystems is considered to be the second most important carbon flux between the biosphere and the atmosphere. In tropical forests, the factor that most influences soil respiration is the temporal variation in temperature, and in water content or precipitation; the soil temperature is relatively constant. The behavior of the RS was established, and this ecological process was estimated and modeled for a tropical mountain forest in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico. It has contributed to strengthening the theoretical framework for the restoration and ecological conservation of this forest, considered a National Park, this has been the main objective of this work. Its relationship with the climatic parameters and factors that regulate CO2-soil-atmosphere fluxes in an annual cycle was analyzed. The daytime respiratory rate was slightly higher (average of 3.54 tmCO2/ha) than the nocturnal one (average of 3.35 tmCO2/ha), depending on the ambient temperature and the climatic conditions. The humic acid found in the soils was classified for the mountainous wooded area of the Chico National Park. Andosols are humic soils and humic acids were classified predominantly as type A. According to the results obtained, with only one year of evaluation, it should be noted that it is necessary to carry out a greater number of evaluations, at least during a period of 5 to 10 years and for different seasonal periods, in order to strengthen the responses found for this ecosystem.

scholarly journals Bioecological principles of maintaining stability in mountain forest ecosystems of the Ukrainian Carpathians

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Parpan
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
Disturbed Forest ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mountain Part

The forest cover of the Carpathians has been deeply transformed by productive activities over the past centuries. The forest cover, age and species structure of its ecosystems have been changed. Beech and fir forests were replaced by spruce monocultures. Consequently, nitrogen and mineral elements cycles changed, the genetic and population structures altered and the eco-stabilizing function of forests decreased. These negative trends make it desirable to process the bioecological principles of maintenance the stability of mountain forest ecosystems. The proposed bioecological principles of support and recovery of stability of forest ecosystems are part of the paradigm of mountain dendrology and silviculture. The strategy is based on maintaining bio-ecological and population-genetical features of the main forest forming species, evolutionary typological classification of the forests, landscape and environmental specifics of the mountain part of the Ukrainian Carpathians, features of virgin, old growth and anthropogenically disturbed forest structures, as well as performing the functional role of forest ecosystems. Support for landscape ecosystem stability involves the conservation, selective, health and gradual cutting, formation of forest stands which are close to natural conditions and focusing on natural regeneration (a basis for stable mountain forest ecosystems). 

scholarly journals Mammal resource status in the mountain forest ecosystems of southern Anhui Province based on camera trap data

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 896-903
Author(s):  
Kai Liu ◽  
◽  
Jun He ◽  
Jihui Zhang ◽  
Jun Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Resource Status

scholarly journals Ecology of Red-Tongue Viper (Gloydius ussuriensis) in Jeju Island, South Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Shik Oh ◽  
Maniram Banjade
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Jeju Island ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Conservation And Management

Understanding the ecology of species at risk is extremely important for their conservation and management. Due to land clearing for urban expansion, agriculture, and the import of pets, several snake species including the red-tongue viper (Gloydius ussuriensis) on Jeju Island of South Korea, have become threatened. We studied morphology, distribution, habitat characteristics, diet, and reproduction of red-tongue viper to provide a higher understanding of species ecology. This species on average reach 242–580 mm snout-vent length and is found in a wide range of habitat from mountain forest to lowland areas. Adult snakes prey almost entirely on amphibians followed by mammals and centipedes. The mating usually takes place in spring and birth takes place in autumn. This study points out the major threats and ill-information if addressed will not only contribute to the conservation efforts but also improve the negative attitudes that people hold toward these fascinating animals. The ecological data of G. ussuriensis herein provides basic information which assists in designing the management technique for conservation. Similar applications may be generalized and used to other vulnerable species to detect and quantify population ecology and risks, bolstering conservation methods that can be used to optimize the efficacy of conservation measures.

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