Spinopelvic movement strategies during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit in adult spinal deformity

Adults with spinal deformity (ASD) are known to have spinal malalignment affecting their quality of life and daily life activities. While walking kinematics were shown to be altered in ASD, other functional activities are yet to be evaluated such as sitting and standing, which are essential for patients’ autonomy and quality of life perception. In this cross-sectional study, 93 ASD subjects (50 ± 20 years; 71 F) age and sex matched to 31 controls (45 ± 15 years; 18 F) underwent biplanar radiographic imaging with subsequent calculation of standing radiographic spinopelvic parameters. All subjects filled HRQOL questionnaires such as SF36 and ODI. ASD were further divided into 34 ASD-sag (with PT > 25° and/or SVA >5 cm and/or PI-LL >10°), 32 ASD-hyperTK (with only TK >60°), and 27 ASD-front (with only frontal malalignment: Cobb >20°). All subjects underwent 3D motion analysis during the sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit movements. The range of motion (ROM) and mean values of pelvis, lower limbs, thorax, head, and spinal segments were calculated on the kinematic waveforms. Kinematics were compared between groups and correlations to radiographic and HRQOL scores were computed. During sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit movements, ASD-sag had decreased pelvic anteversion (12.2 vs 15.2°), hip flexion (53.0 vs 62.2°), sagittal mobility in knees (87.1 vs 93.9°), and lumbar mobility (L1L3-L3L5: −9.1 vs −6.8°, all p < 0.05) compared with controls. ASD-hyperTK showed increased dynamic lordosis (L1L3–L3L5: −9.1 vs −6.8°), segmental thoracic kyphosis (T2T10–T10L1: 32.0 vs 17.2°, C7T2–T2T10: 30.4 vs 17.7°), and thoracolumbar extension (T10L1–L1L3: −12.4 vs −5.5°, all p < 0.05) compared with controls. They also had increased mobility at the thoracolumbar and upper-thoracic spine. Both ASD-sag and ASD-hyperTK maintained a flexed trunk, an extended head along with an increased trunk and head sagittal ROM. Kinematic alterations were correlated to radiographic parameters and HRQOL scores. Even after controlling for demographic factors, dynamic trunk flexion was determined by TK and PI-LL mismatch (adj. R2 = 0.44). Lumbar sagittal ROM was determined by PI-LL mismatch (adj. R2 = 0.13). In conclusion, the type of spinal deformity in ASD seems to determine the strategy used for sitting and standing. Future studies should evaluate whether surgical correction of the deformity could restore sitting and standing kinematics and ultimately improve quality of life.

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Perioperative outcomes associated with thoracolumbar 3-column osteotomies for adult spinal deformity patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Journal of Neurosurgery Spine ◽

10.3171/2018.11.spine18927 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 822-832

Author(s):

Cecilia L. Dalle Ore ◽

Christopher P. Ames ◽

Vedat Deviren ◽

Darryl Lau

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Spinal Deformity ◽

Perioperative Complications ◽

Adult Spinal Deformity ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Deformity Correction ◽

Perioperative Outcomes ◽

Medical Complications ◽

Filter Placement ◽

Estimated Blood Loss

OBJECTIVESpinal deformity causing spinal imbalance is directly correlated to pain and disability. Prior studies suggest adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have more complex deformities and are at higher risk for complications. In this study the authors compared outcomes of ASD patients with RA following thoracolumbar 3-column osteotomies to outcomes of a matched control cohort.METHODSAll patients with RA who underwent 3-column osteotomy for thoracolumbar deformity correction performed by the senior author from 2006 to 2016 were identified retrospectively. A cohort of patients without RA who underwent 3-column osteotomies for deformity correction was matched based on multiple clinical factors. Data regarding demographics and surgical approach, along with endpoints including perioperative outcomes, reoperations, and incidence of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) were reviewed. Univariate analyses were used to compare patients with RA to matched controls.RESULTSEighteen ASD patients with RA were identified, and a matched cohort of 217 patients was generated. With regard to patients with RA, 11.1% were male and the mean age was 68.1 years. Vertebral column resection (VCR) was performed in 22.2% and pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) in 77.8% of patients. Mean case length was 324.4 minutes and estimated blood loss (EBL) was 2053.6 ml. Complications were observed in 38.9% of patients with RA and 29.0% of patients without RA (p = 0.380), with a trend toward increased medical complications (38.9% vs 21.2%, p = 0.084). Patients with RA had a significantly higher incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)/pulmonary embolism (PE) (11.1% vs 1.8%, p = 0.017) and wound infections (16.7% vs 5.1%, p = 0.046). PJK occurred in 16.7% of patients with RA, and 33.3% of RA patients underwent reoperation. Incidence rates of PJK and reoperation in matched controls were 12.9% and 25.3%, respectively (p = 0.373, p = 0.458). At follow-up, mean sagittal vertical axis (SVA) was 6.1 cm in patients with RA and 4.5 cm in matched controls (p = 0.206).CONCLUSIONSFindings from this study suggest that RA patients experience a higher incidence of medical complications, specifically DVT/PE. Preoperative lower-extremity ultrasounds, inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement, and/or early initiation of DVT prophylaxis in RA patients may be indicated. Perioperative complications, morbidity, and long-term outcomes are otherwise similar to non-RA patients.

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Development and validation of risk stratification models for adult spinal deformity surgery

Journal of Neurosurgery Spine ◽

10.3171/2019.3.spine181452 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 587-599 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ferran Pellisé ◽

Miquel Serra-Burriel ◽

Justin S. Smith ◽

Sleiman Haddad ◽

Michael P. Kelly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Deformity ◽

Adult Spinal Deformity ◽

The United States ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

High Rate ◽

Prognostic Models ◽

Time To Event ◽

European Continent ◽

Event Risk ◽

Risk Estimates

OBJECTIVEAdult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery has a high rate of major complications (MCs). Public information about adverse outcomes is currently limited to registry average estimates. The object of this study was to assess the incidence of adverse events after ASD surgery, and to develop and validate a prognostic tool for the time-to-event risk of MC, hospital readmission (RA), and unplanned reoperation (RO).METHODSTwo models per outcome, created with a random survival forest algorithm, were trained in an 80% random split and tested in the remaining 20%. Two independent prospective multicenter ASD databases, originating from the European continent and the United States, were queried, merged, and analyzed. ASD patients surgically treated by 57 surgeons at 23 sites in 5 countries in the period from 2008 to 2016 were included in the analysis.RESULTSThe final sample consisted of 1612 ASD patients: mean (standard deviation) age 56.7 (17.4) years, 76.6% women, 10.4 (4.3) fused vertebral levels, 55.1% of patients with pelvic fixation, 2047.9 observation-years. Kaplan-Meier estimates showed that 12.1% of patients had at least one MC at 10 days after surgery; 21.5%, at 90 days; and 36%, at 2 years. Discrimination, measured as the concordance statistic, was up to 71.7% (95% CI 68%–75%) in the development sample for the postoperative complications model. Surgical invasiveness, age, magnitude of deformity, and frailty were the strongest predictors of MCs. Individual cumulative risk estimates at 2 years ranged from 3.9% to 74.1% for MCs, from 3.17% to 44.2% for RAs, and from 2.67% to 51.9% for ROs.CONCLUSIONSThe creation of accurate prognostic models for the occurrence and timing of MCs, RAs, and ROs following ASD surgery is possible. The presented variability in patient risk profiles alongside the discrimination and calibration of the models highlights the potential benefits of obtaining time-to-event risk estimates for patients and clinicians.

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Characteristics of false-positive alerts on transcranial motor evoked potential monitoring during pediatric scoliosis and adult spinal deformity surgery: an “anesthetic fade” phenomenon

Journal of Neurosurgery Spine ◽

10.3171/2019.9.spine19814 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 423-431 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hiroki Ushirozako ◽

Go Yoshida ◽

Tomohiko Hasegawa ◽

Yu Yamato ◽

Tatsuya Yasuda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Deformity ◽

False Positive ◽

Adult Spinal Deformity ◽

False Positive Rate ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Motor Evoked Potential ◽

Scoliosis Surgery ◽

True Negative ◽

Duration Of Surgery ◽

Spinal Deformity Surgery

OBJECTIVETranscranial motor evoked potential (TcMEP) monitoring may be valuable for predicting postoperative neurological complications with a high sensitivity and specificity, but one of the most frequent problems is the high false-positive rate. The purpose of this study was to clarify the differences in the risk factors for false-positive TcMEP alerts seen when performing surgery in patients with pediatric scoliosis and adult spinal deformity and to identify a method to reduce the false-positive rate.METHODSThe authors retrospectively analyzed 393 patients (282 adult and 111 pediatric patients) who underwent TcMEP monitoring while under total intravenous anesthesia during spinal deformity surgery. They defined their cutoff (alert) point as a final TcMEP amplitude of ≤ 30% of the baseline amplitude. Patients with false-positive alerts were classified into one of two groups: a group with pediatric scoliosis and a group with adult spinal deformity.RESULTSThere were 14 cases of false-positive alerts (13%) during pediatric scoliosis surgery and 62 cases of false-positive alerts (22%) during adult spinal deformity surgery. Compared to the true-negative cases during adult spinal deformity surgery, the false-positive cases had a significantly longer duration of surgery and greater estimated blood loss (both p < 0.001). Compared to the true-negative cases during pediatric scoliosis surgery, the false-positive cases had received a significantly higher total fentanyl dose and a higher mean propofol dose (0.75 ± 0.32 mg vs 0.51 ± 0.18 mg [p = 0.014] and 5.6 ± 0.8 mg/kg/hr vs 5.0 ± 0.7 mg/kg/hr [p = 0.009], respectively). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the duration of surgery (1-hour difference: OR 1.701; 95% CI 1.364–2.120; p < 0.001) was independently associated with false-positive alerts during adult spinal deformity surgery. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the mean propofol dose (1-mg/kg/hr difference: OR 3.117; 95% CI 1.196–8.123; p = 0.020), the total fentanyl dose (0.05-mg difference; OR 1.270; 95% CI 1.078–1.497; p = 0.004), and the duration of surgery (1-hour difference: OR 2.685; 95% CI 1.131–6.377; p = 0.025) were independently associated with false-positive alerts during pediatric scoliosis surgery.CONCLUSIONSLonger duration of surgery and greater blood loss are more likely to result in false-positive alerts during adult spinal deformity surgery. In particular, anesthetic doses were associated with false-positive TcMEP alerts during pediatric scoliosis surgery. The authors believe that false-positive alerts during pediatric scoliosis surgery, in particular, are caused by “anesthetic fade.”

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