Arbuscular mycorrhizal protein mRNA over-expression in bread wheat seedlings by Trichoderma harzianum Raifi (KRL-AG2) elicitation

Gene ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 494 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan A.S. Al-Asbahi
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Over Expression

scholarly journals Root Morphology, Allometric Relations and Rhizosheath of Ancient and Modern Tetraploid Wheats (Triticum durum Desf.) in Response to Inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum T-22

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Rocco Bochicchio ◽  
Rosanna Labella ◽  
Antonella Vitti ◽  
Maria Nuzzaci ◽  
Giuseppina Logozzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Allometric Relations ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

Early root traits and allometrics of wheat are important for competition and use of resources. They are under-utilized in research and un-explored in many ancient wheats. This is especially true for the rhizosheath emerging from root-soil interactions. We investigated root morphology, root/shoot relations and the amount of rhizosheath of four tetrapoid wheat seedlings (30 days after emergence): the italian landrace Saragolle Lucana and modern varieties Creso, Simeto and Ciclope, and tested the hypothesis that inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum T-22 (T-22) enhances rhizosheath formation and affects wheat varieties differently. Overall growth of non-inoculated plants showed different patterns in wheat varieties, with Saragolle and Ciclope at the two extremes: Saragolle invests in shoot rather than root mass, and in the occupation of space with highest (p < 0.05) shoot height to the uppermost internode (5.02 cm) and length-to-mass shoot (97.8 cm g−1) and root (more than 140 m g−1) ratios. This may be interpreted as maximizing competition for light but also as a compensation for low shoot efficiency due to the lowest (p < 0.05) recorded values of optically-measured chlorophyll content index (22.8). Ciclope invests in biomass with highest shoot (0.06 g) and root (0.04 g) mass and a thicker root system (average diameter 0.34 mm vs. 0.29 in Saragolle) as well as a highest root/shoot ratio (0.95 g g−1 vs. 0.54 in Saragolle). Rhizosheath mass ranged between 22.14 times that of shoot mass in Ciclope and 43.40 in Saragolle (different for p < 0.05). Inoculation with Trichoderma increased the amount of rhizosheath from 9.4% in Ciclope to 36.1% in Simeto and modified root architecture in this variety more than in others. Ours are the first data on roots and seedling shoot traits of Saragolle Lucana and of Trichoderma inoculation effects on rhizosheath. This opens to new unreported interpretations of effects of Trichoderma inoculation on improving plant growth.

scholarly journals Response of bread-wheat seedlings to waterlogging stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 807-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat TİRYAKİOĞLU ◽  
Sema KARANLIK ◽  
Mehmet ARSLAN
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Waterlogging Stress

scholarly journals Transcriptome and Proteome Profiling Revealed Molecular Mechanism of Selenium Responses in Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Ma ◽  
Xiaoqing Feng
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Cysteine Synthase ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Oxidative Stresses ◽  
Tandem Mass Tag ◽  
Shock Proteins

Abstract Background: Although selenium (Se) plays important roles in scavenging free radicals, alleviating oxidative stresses, and strengthening immune system, the knowledge about Se response in bread wheat is still limited. In order to clarify the molecular mechanism of Se response in bread wheat, 2-week-old wheat seedlings of cultivar ‘Jimai22’ treated with 10 μM disodium selenate (Na2SeO4) for 0 h, 3 h, and 24 h were collected and analyzed by transcriptional sequencing and tandem mass tag-based (TMT) quantitative proteomics. Results: At least 11656 proteins and 133911 genes were identified, and proteins including ATP sulfurylase (APS), cysteine synthase (CS), SeCys lyase, sulfate transporters, glutathione S-transferase (GSTs), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutaredoxins (GRXs), superoxide dismutases (SODs), catalases (CATs), heat shock proteins (HSPs), UDP-glycose flavonoid glycosyltransferases (UFGTs), sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolases (Suc-6-PHs), archaeal phosphoglucose isomerases (APGIs), malate synthases (MSs), and endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (Xyn) in Se accumulation, ROS scavenging, secondary metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism were significantly differently expressed.Conclusions: This is the first complementary analyses of the transcriptome and proteome related with selenium responses in bread wheat. Our work enhances the understanding about the molecular mechanism of selenium responses in bread wheat.

scholarly journals Inoculation of cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum) and poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma harzianum

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
M. Dubský ◽  
F. Šrámek ◽  
M. Vosátka
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Spontaneous Infection

Dual inoculation of peat based horticulture substrate with a mixture of four species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and fungal biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum showed a significant positive effect on the growth and flowering of cyclamen plants. Inoculation substantially decreased plant mortality caused by spontaneous infection by the fungal pathogen Cryptocline cyclaminis. Plant mortality was also reduced by separate inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Both separately inoculated agents positively affected the plant growth, although to a lesser extent. Very few significant effects of inoculation were observed on the growth of poinsettia plants cultivated from cuttings. Use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi together with the introduction of Trichoderma for inoculation of horticultural substrates is suggested to alleviate the inevitable effects of various stresses during the cultivation of horticultural crops.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome and metabolic analysis of wild and domesticated wheat genotypes reveals differences in chemical and physical defense responses against aphids

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaniya S Batyrshina ◽  
Beery Yaakov ◽  
Reut Shavit ◽  
Anuradha Singh ◽  
Vered Tzin
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Wild Emmer ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Physical Defenses ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Physical Barriers

Abstract Background: Young wheat plants are continuously exposed to insect herbivorous attack. To maintain their fitness, plants have evolved different defense mechanisms, including the biosynthesis of deterrent compounds named benzoxazinoids, and/or trichome formation that provides physical barriers. It is unclear whether both of these mechanisms are equally critical in providing an efficient defense for wheat seedlings against the bird cherry-oat ( Rhopalosiphum padi ) aphid—an economically costly pest in cereal production. Results: In this study, we compared the transcriptomic, metabolomic, chemical, and physical defenses of three selected wheat genotypes to aphid performance. We chose diverse wheat genotypes, two tetraploid wheat genotypes, domesticated durum ‘Svevo’ and wild emmer ‘Zavitan,’ and one hexaploid bread wheat, ‘Chinese Spring.’ The full transcriptomic analysis revealed a major difference between the three genotypes, while the clustering of significantly different genes suggested a higher similarity between the two domesticated than the wild wheat. A pathway enrichment analysis indicated that genes associated with primary metabolism, as well as the pathways associated with defense such as phytohormones and specialized metabolites, were altered between the three genotypes. Measurement of benzoxazinoid levels at the three time-points (11, 15 and 18 days-after-germination) revealed high abundance levels in the two domesticated genotypes, while the levels were very low in the wild emmer wheat. The Chinese Spring showed a more diverse benzoxazinoid (known and putative) composition than the other two genotypes. In contrast to the benzoxazinoid levels, the trichome density was dramatically higher in the wild emmer than in the domesticated wheat. Evaluation of aphid reproduction indicated that the domesticated bread wheat is more resistant than the tetraploid genotypes. Conclusions: We compared the amount of benzoxazinoids, the trichome number, and aphid reproduction at three time-points, as well as performing a transcriptome analysis. Overall, the results suggested that although wheat seedlings possess both chemical and physical defenses, the chemical defense plays a more significant defensive role than the physical barriers.

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