(Expected) value-based payment: From total cost of care to net present value of care

This research aim to: 1) to analyze the amount of financial worthiness of rubber plantation as long as economic age in Batumarta 1 Lubuk Raja Ogan Komering Ulu regency. 2) To know the level of sensitivity in replanting rubber to several dominant factors related to finance and advantage in Batumarta 1 Lubuk Raja Ogan Komering Ulu regency. 77 respondents are chosen, about 30 % from 258 population which have represented population, because the population in Batumarta1 homogeneously relative in rubber plantation system, that is rejuveration system. The sample was chosen by using Simple Random Sampling Method. The research methodology is Survey. While the data is analyzed by worthiness count criteria which consist of Net B/C ratio, Gross B/C ratio, Provitability ratio, Net Present value (NPV), Internal Return Rate(IRR), this valuation done to know the worthiness off rubber replanting. Otherwise, also done the counting of sensitivity experimental. The result shows that rubber replanting in Batumarta 1 can be properly applied and the most sensitive factor is the decresing of selling price, increasing of production cost (fertilizer and total cost before tax) Keywords: Finansial feasibility Rubber Replanting

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Multistage Sample Average Approximation for Harvest Scheduling under Climate Uncertainty

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11111230 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1230

Author(s):

Martin B. Bagaram ◽

Sándor F. Tóth

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Timber Harvest ◽

Sample Average Approximation ◽

Expected Value ◽

Forest Growth ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Present Value ◽

Sample Average ◽

Average Approximation

Forest planners have traditionally used expected growth and yield coefficients to predict future merchantable timber volumes. However, because climate change affects forest growth, the typical forest planning methods using expected value of forest growth can lead to sub-optimal harvest decisions. In this paper, we propose to formulate the harvest planning with growth uncertainty due to climate change problem as a multistage stochastic optimization problem and use sample average approximation (SAA) as a tool for finding the best set of forest units that should be harvested in the first period even though we have a limited knowledge of what future climate will be. The objective of the harvest planning model is to maximize the expected value of the net present value (NPV) considering the uncertainty in forest growth and thus in revenues from timber harvest. The proposed model was tested on a small forest with 89 stands and the numerical results showed that the approach allows to have superior solutions in terms of net present value and robustness in face of different growth scenarios compared to the approach using the expected growth and yield. The SAA method requires to generate samples from the distribution of the random parameter. Our results suggested that a sampling scheme that focuses on generating high number of samples in distant future stages is favorable compared to having large sample sizes for the near future stages. Finally, we demonstrated that, depending on the level of forest growth change, ignoring this uncertainty can negatively affect forest resources sustainability.

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An Economic Impact of Eucalyptus Plantation on Farmers' Sustainability in Gujarat

Indian Journal of Economics and Development ◽

10.35716/ijed/20096 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 518-525

Keyword(s):

Net Present Value ◽

Marketing Channels ◽

Rate Of Return ◽

Internal Rate Of Return ◽

Present Value ◽

Viable Option ◽

Total Cost ◽

Eucalyptus Plantation ◽

Bank Rate ◽

Percent Rate

The economic analysis of eucalyptus was carried out in Middle Gujarat during 2018-19. The average gross return per hectare was 222391, and net return over total cost was 85291. On an average, in normal cost and return situation at ten percent rate of discount the net present value (NPV) was found to be positive ( 47563.15), B: C ratio was found more than unity (1.40), and internal rate of return (IRR) was more (35.00 percent) than the standard bank rate. The results also indicated that three marketing channels were found for the marketing of the eucalyptus tree. Out of the three channels, Channel-I (Producer–Wholesaler–Retailer–Consumer) dominated as 88.33 percent of respondents were selling eucalyptus tree through this channel. The net price received by farmer per quintal and producer share in consumer rupee was maximum in Channel-I. Overall it was observed that the investment on eucalyptus plantation was a profitable and economically viable option under Gujarat conditions.

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Randomized Estimation of the Net Present Value of a Residential Housing Development

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app12010124 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 124

Author(s):

Tadeusz Kasprowicz ◽

Anna Starczyk-Kołbyk ◽

Robert Wójcik

Keyword(s):

Net Present Value ◽

Project Planning ◽

Housing Development ◽

Total Revenue ◽

Present Value ◽

Residential Housing ◽

Primary Input ◽

Total Cost ◽

Random Disturbances ◽

The Right

Randomized estimation of the net present value of a housing development allows for the assessment of the efficiency of projects in random implementation conditions. The efficiency of a project is estimated on the basis of primary input data, usually used in project planning. For this purpose, random disturbances are identified that may randomly affect the course and results of the project. The probability and severity of disturbances are determined. The primary initial data is then randomized, and a randomized probabilistic index of the project’s net present value is calculated, the value of which indicates whether the project is profitable or whether implementation should be stopped. Based on this data, the expected total revenue, the expected total cost, the expected gross profit, and the net present value of the randomized performance of the project are calculated. The values of these are estimated for expected, favorable, and unfavorable conditions of implementation. Finally, the risks for the total revenue and total cost of the project are calculated and plotted for comparative revenue values in the range [1, 0] and cost in the range [0, 1]. Their analysis makes it possible to make the right investment decisions before starting the investment at the preparation stage.

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ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL AGROINDUSTRY JIPANG

JOSAR (Journal of Students Academic Research) ◽

10.35457/josar.v1i02.611 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 103-113

Author(s):

Naila Nafiatul Hayati

Keyword(s):

Net Present Value ◽

Feasibility Analysis ◽

Present Value ◽

Total Cost ◽

Average Gain ◽

Method Analysis

A business feasibility analysis is needed to see a picture of feasible or tudak, In running japan business agroindustry, most entrepreneurs have not done a special financial recording for his business, so it is not known how much it will cost and income on his business. This study aims to determine the amount of expenses, income received and profits, knowing business feasibility and knowing the length of capital jipang agro industry in UMKM Sinar Abadi can be back in units of time year. Method analysis used in business feasibility analysis include R / C Ratio, Net Present Value (NPV), Break Event Point (BEP), and Pay Back Period (PP). This study was carried out from months June 2017 to July 2017. The results of the calculations from this study indicate that the total cost for one time jipang production reached Rp34.950.463, - per month, the average gain gained Rp133.554.450, -, while the calculation of R / C ratio of agro industry jipang Sinar Abadi shows the number> 1, which is 1.32. Jipang Agroindustry is declared worthy with value NPV Rp 979.900.978. Break Event Point Value (BEP), BEP receipt obtained value of Rp 474,425, BEP units obtained value of 12 Kg and BEP price obtained value of Rp 30,629, meaning do not experience any profit or loss before the age of the equipment ends. While Pay Back Period (PP) of 0.1 years, so it can be concluded that jipang agro industry Sinar Abadi is worth developing.

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Multistage Sample Average Approximation for Harvest Scheduling under Climate Uncertainty

10.20944/preprints202010.0273.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Martin Bagaram ◽

Sándor Tóth

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Timber Harvest ◽

Sample Average Approximation ◽

Expected Value ◽

Forest Growth ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Present Value ◽

Sample Average ◽

Average Approximation

Forest planners have traditionally used expected growth and yield coefficients to predict future merchantable timber volumes. However, because climate change affects forest growth, the typical forest planning methods using expected value of forest growth can lead to sub-optimal harvest decisions. We proposed in this paper to formulate the harvest planning with growth uncertainty due to climate change problem as a multistage stochastic optimization problem and use sample average approximation (SAA) as a tool for finding the best set of forest units that should be harvested in the first period even though we have a limited knowledge of what future climate will be. The objective of the harvest planning model is to maximize the expected value of the net present value (NPV) considering the uncertainty in forest growth and thus in revenues from timber harvest. The proposed model was tested on a small forest with 89 stands and the numerical results showed that the approach allows to have superior solutions in terms of net present value and robustness in face of different climate scenarios compared to the approach using the expected growth and yield. The SAA methods requires to generate samples from the distribution of the random parameter. Our results suggested that a sampling scheme that focuses on generating high number of samples in distant future stages is favorable compared to having large sample sizes for the near future stages. Finally, we demonstrated that, depending on the level of forest growth change, ignoring this uncertainty can negatively affect forest resources sustainability.

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ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN KECAP ANEKA GUNA DI KOTA LANGSA

Jurnal Penelitian Agrisamudra ◽

10.33059/jpas.v2i1.229 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 21-30

Author(s):

Muhammad Jamil ◽

Januari Frizki Bella

Keyword(s):

Net Present Value ◽

Rate Of Return ◽

Internal Rate Of Return ◽

Present Value ◽

Internal Rate

Adapun tujuan dari Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelayakan usaha industri pengolahan kecap Aneka Guna apabila dilihat dari segi kelayakan finansial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus. Lokasi penelitian yaitu di Kota Langsa dengan pertimbangan bahwa lokasi tersebut merupakan daerah yang terdapat industri pengolahan kecap asin dan mudah di jangkau oleh penulis. Waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada Bulan Juni - Oktober 2014. Tenaga kerja yang digunakan berjumlah 27 orang, 20 tenaga kerja pria dan 7 orang tenaga kerja wanita. Jumlah penggunaan tenaga kerja selama 5 tahun sebesar 3759 HKP. Total biaya produksi yang dikeluarkan oleh pengusaha dalam usaha pembuatan kecap didaerah penelitian selama 5 tahun adalah Rp. 2.076.988.000,-. Pendapatan kotor yang diperoleh pengusaha sebesar Rp. 8.199.690.000,- dan pendapan bersih yang diperoleh sebesar Rp. 6.122.702.000,- Kota Langsa hanya memiliki 1 pengusaha pengolahan kecap asin dan dijadikan sebagai pengusaha sampel yaitu usaha industri pengolahan kecap asin Aneka Guna. Hasil perhitungan di peroleh Net Present Value (NPV) sebesar Rp. 263.281.290 (lebih besar dari nol), sedangkan Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 84% lebih besar dari tingkat bunga yang berlaku (D.F. = 18%), sedangkan Net B/C Ratio sebesar 3,27 (lebih dari pada 1) dan Pay Back Priod (PBP) 1 Tahun 6 Bulan (lebih kecil dari umur ekonomis).

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UNIFICATION OF STANDS SELECTION FOR FINAL FELLING IN STRATEGIC AND TACTICAL PLANNING

Proceedings of the 7th International Scientific Conference Rural Development 2015 ◽

10.15544/rd.2015.071 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Ainārs GRĪNVALDS

Keyword(s):

Strategic Planning ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Strategic Plan ◽

Regression Function ◽

Tactical Planning ◽

Present Value ◽

Black Alder ◽

Value Maximization ◽

Annual Changes ◽

Selection For

The stand selection for cutting in tactical planning should be done according to the same principles like in strategic planning – to maximize net present value. The simple way of how to transfer the net present value maximization principle from strategic planning to tactical planning was created in Sweden. The method is based on annual changes in the net present value by postponing final felling. Forest inventory data and forestry modelling system was used for calculation of changes in net present value for pine, spruce, birch, aspen and black alder stands. And changes in net present value were described by regression function with factors from stand parameters. The regression function allows calculating annual changes in net present value for each stand. And stands with higher decrease in net present value have higher cutting priority. Stands selected for the final felling in strategic plan were compared with the stands selected in tactical plan with two methods, first, by using annual changes in the net present value, second, by traditional planning principles. Stands selected by annual changes in the net present value were similar to stands that were selected for cutting in strategic plan, but stands selected by traditional planning principles – not.

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EVALUASI TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN PELAYANAN ASET DI KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR

Jurnal Teknik Sipil ◽

10.24002/jts.v13i3.881 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 240

Author(s):

Novdin M Sianturi

Keyword(s):

Net Present Value ◽

Payback Period ◽

Rate Of Return ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Internal Rate Of Return ◽

Present Value ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Internal Rate ◽

Benefit Cost

Abstrak: Pengelolaan sampah di Kota Pematangsiantar masih bertumpu pada pendekatan akhir (kumpul-angkut-buang), dengan tingkat pelayanan yang rendah, sehingga untuk meningkatkan pelayanan sampah, perlu dilakukan pemilahan di tempat penampungan sementara (TPS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sistem pengelolaan sampah dengan melakukan pemilihan di TPS dapat meningkatkan pelayanan aset persampahan sampai tahun 2015 secara teknis operasional dan dari aspek keuangan. Analisa teknis operasional aset pengelolaan sampah mulai dari pewadahan, pengumpulan dan pengangkutan sedangkan analisa keuangan dan analisa kelayakan menggunakan Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Benefit/Cost Ratio, dan Payback Period. Dari hasil analisa tersebut diperoleh suatu sistem pengelolaan sampah dengan pemilihan di TPS berdasarkan zona pelayanan dengan skala prioritas secara bertahap daritahun 2013-2017, dapat meningkatkan cakupan pelayanan sampah eksisting rata-rata 6,69 %, cakupan pelayanan TPS eksisting rata-rata 8,29 %, dan cakupan pelayanan truk pengangkut sampah eksisting rata-rata 12,03 %. Investasinya layak, diperoleh Net Cashflow pada tahun 2020 sebesar Rp 1.720.242.284,-, NPV suku bunga 15 % bernilai positif, IRR > MARR 15 %, B/C Ratio > 1, dan PP 4,7 tahun, lebih pendek dari periode investasi 10 tahun. Dari Metode penelitian ini maka pengumpulan data, observasi lapangan dan pengukuran contoh timbulan sampah dengan sampel 4 TPS perumahan yang terlayani pengangkutan.

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KELAYAKAN USAHA PENANGKAPAN IKAN MENGGUNAKAN JARING INSANG (GILL NET) DI WADUK JATIGEDE KABUPATEN SUMEDANG

PAPALELE (Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Ekonomi Perikanan dan Kelautan) ◽

10.30598/papalele.2018.2.1.8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 8-14

Author(s):

Wahyu Setiawan ◽

Atikah Nurhayati ◽

Titin Herawati ◽

Asep Agus Handaka

Keyword(s):

Net Present Value ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Present Value ◽

Literature Study ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Period 2 ◽

Gill Net ◽

Business Analysis ◽

Benefit Cost ◽

Profit Value

Gill net is one of the fishing gear used by Jatigede Reservoir fisherman. The purpose of this research is to analyzed the feasibility of fish catching business with gill net in Jatigede Reservoir. This research was conducted by used data collection method (observation, questioner, literature study) and method of data analysis (feasibility business analysis). The benefits of this research is expected to be informations and references for the research who will expand a fishing business with gill net at Jatigede Reservoir. The result of feasibility of fish catching business with gill net at Jatigede Reservoir is profit value Rp. 70.890.000, Break Event Point price and production (all species of fish) Rp. 4.154/kg and 2.136kg in a year, Benefit Cost Ratio 3,37, Payback Period 2 months and Net Present Value >1 Rp. 52.820.243, the fish catching business using gill net at Jatigede Reservoir is feasible to be developed.

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