Contact Lenses and Associated Anterior Segment Disorders: Dry Eye Disease, Blepharitis, and Allergy

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Lemp ◽  
Leonard Bielory
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease

scholarly journals Tear evaluation by anterior segment OCT in dry eye disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Diana Mădălina Popovici ◽  
Ana Banc
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Anterior Segment Oct

scholarly journals Ocular Surface Changes Associated with Ophthalmic Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1642
Author(s):  
Lina Mikalauskiene ◽  
Andrzej Grzybowski ◽  
Reda Zemaitiene
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Postoperative Treatment ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Ophthalmic Surgery ◽  
Patient’S Satisfaction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Anterior Segment Surgery

Dry eye disease causes ocular discomfort and visual disturbances. Older adults are at a higher risk of developing dry eye disease as well as needing for ophthalmic surgery. Anterior segment surgery may induce or worsen existing dry eye symptoms usually for a short-term period. Despite good visual outcomes, ocular surface dysfunction can significantly affect quality of life and, therefore, lower a patient’s satisfaction with ophthalmic surgery. Preoperative dry eye disease, factors during surgery and postoperative treatment may all contribute to ocular surface dysfunction and its severity. We reviewed relevant articles from 2010 through to 2021 using keywords “cataract surgery”, ”phacoemulsification”, ”refractive surgery”, ”trabeculectomy”, ”vitrectomy” in combination with ”ocular surface dysfunction”, “dry eye disease”, and analyzed studies on dry eye disease pathophysiology and the impact of anterior segment surgery on the ocular surface.

scholarly journals Botulinum Toxin A Injection for the Treatment of Intractable Dry Eye Disease

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Eun Woo Choi ◽  
Dong Ju Yeom ◽  
Sun Young Jang
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Medial Part ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Schirmer Test ◽  
Toxin A

Background and Objectives: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of periocular botulinum toxin A (BTA) injection in patients with intractable dry eye disease (DED). Materials and Methods: Medical records of patients with intractable DED who underwent periocular BTA injection from December 2019 to March 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were injected with 2.5 units of BTA in the medial part of the lower eyelids. The clinical data collected included age, sex, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score, tear film break up time (TBUT), Schirmer test results, tear osmolarity (I-PEN), and tear meniscus height (TMH) measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography. All subjective and objective data were collected before treatment and at 1 month after treatment. Results: Twenty-eight consecutive patients were eligible for chart review and analysis. Significant improvements in OSDI, tear osmolarity, and TMH were observed at 1 month after periorbital BTA injection. At the baseline and 1-month follow-up examinations, OSDI scores were 62.22 ± 21.30 and 47.98 ± 17.23, respectively (p < 0.001). TMH increased significantly after treatment (82.25 ± 40.50 at baseline vs. 138.02 ± 66.62 1-month after treatment; p < 0.001). Tear osmolarity using I-PEN showed a significant decrease after treatment (320.82 ± 24.66 at baseline vs. 302.75 ± 22.33 at 1 month after treatment; p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in TBUT or Schirmer test results before and after BTA injection. Conclusions: BTA injection into the medial part of the eyelid improves dry eye symptoms, the amount of tear retention, and tear osmolarity. Based on the objective parameters of the tear condition, this study supports the idea of BTA use as a potential treatment option for patients with intractable DED.

scholarly journals Advances in the Noninvasive Diagnosis of Dry Eye Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10384
Author(s):  
Luca Di Cello ◽  
Marco Pellegrini ◽  
Aldo Vagge ◽  
Massimiliano Borselli ◽  
Lorenzo Ferro Desideri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Integrated Devices

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease that represents one of the most common ophthalmologic conditions encountered in everyday clinical practice. Traditional diagnostic tests for DED, such as subjective questionnaires, tear film break-up time and the Schirmer test, are often associated with poor reproducibility and reliability, which make the diagnosis, follow-up, and management of the disease challenging. New advances in imaging technologies enable objective and reproducible measurements of DED parameters, thus making the diagnosis a multimodal imaging-based process. The aim of this review is to summarize all the current and emerging diagnostic tools available for the diagnosis and monitoring of DED, such as non-invasive tear breakup time, thermography, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, meibography, interferometry, in vivo confocal microscopy, and optical quality assessment. Although there is not a gold standard imaging technique, new multi-imaging-integrated devices are precious instruments to help clinicians to better cope with the diagnostic complexity of DED.

scholarly journals Dry eye disease in students with myopia during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
M.V. Panchenko ◽  
P.A. Bezditko
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Corneal Topography ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index

Background. Today, the urgent problem is coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in the whole world. Safety measures such as the use of masks, distance learning have been implemented. However, ophthalmologists, as well as the general population, should know that a face mask together with prolonged use of digital devices leads to an increase in the number of dry eye cases in many patients. The purpose was to study the frequency of dry eye disease in students with myopia. Materials and methods. The study involved 96 medical students diagnosed with myopia taken by random sampling, who were examined by an ophthalmologist. Apart from the standard ophthalmologic examination, all patients underwent the evaluation of the stability of the precorneal tear film by means of corneal topography, and Norn test (tear break-up time (TBUT)). There was also used a standard questionnaire designed to assess the severity of dry eye disease symptoms (Ocular Surface Disease Index). Results. The corneal topography of the 47 patients did not demonstrate any reduction in TBUT. The average time of the concentric ring remained stable for 20.2 ± 3.0 seconds. But 49 individuals exhibited signs of tear film instability over time compared to 47 patients without TBUT impairment. In 47 people without impairments, corneal topography demonstrated that this indicator in Norn test varied from 25 to 18 seconds, i.e. was within the age norm (21.5 ± 3.5 seconds on average). In 3 patients with a minimum TBUT on keratotopography, its value during the Norn test was 9 seconds. In 36 patients with reduced TBUT according to both methods, there was a weak degree of dry eyes, in 10 — moderate, in 3 — severe. The most common complaints were a sandy, gritty sensation in the eyes, visual discomfort when working at a computer and in windy weather, and with prolonged use of a protective mask. Conclusions. Among students who were on distance learning, 51.04 % of individuals have objectively confirmed dry eye disease. People wearing contact lenses have a more pronounced degree of dry eye, so it is mandatory for ophthalmologists to prescribe lubricating eye drops.

Lactoferrin: Invisible Eye Defender

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
G. I. Drozhzhyna ◽  
T. A. Veliksar
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Heme Iron ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Tear Proteins

The main protective proteins that are synthesized by eye cells are lactoferrin (Lf), lysozyme, immunoglobulin-A, and tear lipocalins. It has been proven that Lf is contained in biological fluids and mucous membranes of various organs; this highlights the importance of this protein in the first line of defense from pathogenic microorganisms. Lf is a non-heme iron-binding chelating glycoprotein from the transferrin family. Lf carries out bactericidal, fungicidal, antiviral, antioxidant and transport functions, prevents the formation of free radicals, inhibits lipid peroxidation, activates enzymes of the antioxidant system. Lf is contained in tears in the highest concentration (about 2 mg/ml, 25% of tear proteins), the average concentration is 1.42 mg/ml. Lf is an important component providing homeostasis of the ocular surface, modulates the activity of T-lymphocytes and macrophages in infections, prevents the multiplication of pathogenic microflora, the development of inflammation, protects the integrity of the cornea, promotes healing from microtraumas, controls the level of iron in the lacrimal fluid, and protects against toxins. These properties of Lf open up prospects for its application in the treatment of chronic diseases of the ocular surface and, in particular, dry eye disease. Lf concentration in tears decreases during sleep, with age, in dry eye disease, keratitis and conjunctivitis, when using contact lenses, that increase the risk of developing eye infections. The first results of the application of ophthalmic drops Lacto (NOVAX® PHARMA) showed good tolerance and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the ocular surface. Keywords: lactoferrin, tear, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory properties, ocular surface.

scholarly journals Review of the Literature on Existing Management of Dry Eye Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 878-884
Author(s):  
Isha Chandrakar ◽  
Shruti Sanghavi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Severe Case ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Lacrimal Glands ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Meibomian Glands

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease in which the tear film’s homeostasis is lost, along with other ocular symptoms such as tear film instability and high osmolarity, neurosensory abnormalities, and ocular surface inflammation and damage. DED is a condition of lacrimal apparatus which is responsible for tear production. The tear film is a mixture of mucin, aqueous (water and solutes like NacI, sugar, urea, proteins,), lipids secreted by goblet cells, lacrimal glands, and meibomian glands, respectively. It keeps the eye moist, provides oxygen to the cornea, and has antibacterial properties. The lipid layer prevents the evaporation of the aqueous. DED is categorized into (i)Aqueous-tear deficiency, characterized by a deficiency of lacrimal glands to secrete tears, (ii)Evaporative DED, associated with increased tear loss by evaporation because there is a deficiency of the meibomian glands. The mechanism of DED might be loss of tear through evaporation or insufficient aqueous production or a combination of the two. DED is a widespread eye problem, which is often left untreated. It causes irritation, itching, dryness, foreign body sensation, and discomfort; severe case causes conjunctival congestion, keratinization, erosion of the corneal epithelium, and plaque formation. If left Univision- threatening vision-threatening, leading to complications like corneal ulceration and perforation. Various clinical tests are used to diose DED, including tear breakup time, tear osmolarity, Schirmer test, Rose Bengal staining, and expression of inflammatory markers. There is no cure for DED at present. The following modalities are used for its treatment: use of punctual and canalicular plugs, artificial tear products like polyethylene glycol/propylene glycol with guar HP, consuming food rich in omega-three fatty acids, antioxidants zeaxanthin, and lutein, Use of anti-inflammatory drugs, mucolytics, secretagogues. Reducing or avoiding mild risk factors like prolonged reading, prolonged use of contact lenses, excessive screen time, etc. Treatment of causative disease.  Appropriate management and establishing reasonable patient expectations are necessary to ensure patient satisfaction and adherence to the treatment.

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