Impact of γ-irradiation or heat pasteurisation treatment on nutritional and immunological properties of human milk

Maternal obesity is associated with metabolic changes in mothers and higher risk of obesity in the offspring. Obesity in breastfeeding mothers appears to influence human milk production as well as the quality of human milk. Maternal obesity is associated with alteration of immunological factors concentrations in the human milk, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, IL-6, insulin, TNF-Alpha, ghrelin, adiponectin, and obestatin. Human milk is considered a first choice for infant nutrition due to the complete profile of macro nutrients, micro nutrients, and immunological properties. It is essential to understand how maternal obesity influences immunological properties of human milk because alterations could impact the nutrition status and health of the infant. This review summarizes the literature regarding the impact of maternal obesity on the concentration of particular immunological properties in the human milk.

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Effects of human milk and infant formula on the development of gastric myoelectrical activity in preterm infants

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(01)81312-3 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 120 (5) ◽

pp. A265-A265 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H OUYANG ◽

J HAYES ◽

H ZHU ◽

J YIN ◽

E CO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Infant Formula ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Gastric Myoelectrical Activity ◽

Myoelectrical Activity

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Levels of certain metals, organochlorine pesticides and dioxins in cord blood, maternal blood, human milk and some commonly used nutrients in the surroundings of the Aral Sea (Karakalpakstan, Republic of Uzbekistan)

Acta Paediatrica ◽

10.1080/08035250120060 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 90 (7) ◽

pp. 801-808

Author(s):

O A Ataniyazova, R A Baumann, A K D L

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Organochlorine Pesticides ◽

Maternal Blood ◽

Aral Sea

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Modification of optical properties of PC-PBT/Cr2O3 and PC-PBT/CdS nanocomposites by gamma irradiation

The European Physical Journal Applied Physics ◽

10.1051/epjap/2020200201 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 92 (2) ◽

pp. 20402

Author(s):

Kaoutar Benthami ◽

Mai ME. Barakat ◽

Samir A. Nouh

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Optical Properties ◽

Band Gap ◽

Color Difference ◽

Band Gap Energy ◽

Polybutylene Terephthalate ◽

Γ Irradiation ◽

Gap Energy ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Oxygen Atoms

Nanocomposite (NCP) films of polycarbonate-polybutylene terephthalate (PC-PBT) blend as a host material to Cr2O3 and CdS nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated by both thermolysis and casting techniques. Samples from the PC-PBT/Cr2O3 and PC-PBT/CdS NCPs were irradiated using different doses (20–110 kGy) of γ radiation. The induced modifications in the optical properties of the γ irradiated NCPs have been studied as a function of γ dose using UV Vis spectroscopy and CIE color difference method. Optical dielectric loss and Tauc's model were used to estimate the optical band gaps of the NCP films and to identify the types of electronic transition. The value of optical band gap energy of PC-PBT/Cr2O3 NCP was reduced from 3.23 to 3.06 upon γ irradiation up to 110 kGy, while it decreased from 4.26 to 4.14 eV for PC-PBT/CdS NCP, indicating the growth of disordered phase in both NCPs. This was accompanied by a rise in the refractive index for both the PC-PBT/Cr2O3 and PC-PBT/CdS NCP films, leading to an enhancement in their isotropic nature. The Cr2O3 NPs were found to be more effective in changing the band gap energy and refractive index due to the presence of excess oxygen atoms that help with the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl group in increasing the chance of covalent bonds formation between the NPs and the PC-PBT blend. Moreover, the color intensity, ΔE has been computed; results show that both the two synthesized NCPs have a response to color alteration by γ irradiation, but the PC-PBT/Cr2O3 has a more response since the values of ΔE achieved a significant color difference >5 which is an acceptable match in commercial reproduction on printing presses. According to the resulting enhancement in the optical characteristics of the developed NCPs, they can be a suitable candidate as activate materials in optoelectronic devices, or shielding sheets for solar cells.

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