scholarly journals Functional and Performance Characteristics Including Principles of Placing the Elements of Voice Alarm Systems on the Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-40
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Conformity Assessment ◽  
Correct Operation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Alarm Systems ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Service Introduction

Aim: The aim of the article was to present voice alarm systems and discuss the legitimacy of their use in fire alarm systems. The article presents the principles of introducing the elements of voice alarm systems to the market and their functional and operational properties. The article was written on the basis of a master’s thesis entitled “The analysis of the functional and operational properties of voice alarm systems” submitted at the Faculty of Safety and Civil Protection Engineering of the Main School of Fire Service. Introduction: Voice alarm system is one of the methods of warning the users of facilities about a threat, but there are many methods of alerting, e.g. sounders or optic signalling devices. Each of the above-mentioned systems has its advantages and disadvantages, so the application of the appropriate system, regardless of whether the regulations impose this obligation on the investor or it will be done on investor's own require deep consideration. Methods: There are several legal acts in force in Poland that define various aspects of voice alarm systems. Facilities in which the use of voice alarm systems (VAS) is mandatory are listed in the Regulation of the Minister of Interior and Administration of 7 June 2010 on fire protection of buildings, other construction facilities and areas. In turn, the specification of the documents required for individual VAS elements is specified in the Regulation (EU) No 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2011 establishing harmonized conditions for the marketing of construction prod- ucts and repealing Council Directive 89/106/EEC and additionally in Poland in the annex to the regulation of the Minister of Interior and Administration of 20 June 2007 on the list of products used to ensure public safety or protection of health and life and property, as well as the rules for issuing admittance for use of these products. Results: It has been found that many elements of voice alarm systems require careful analysis. Starting with the conformity assessment of the system components through its parameters, such as speech intelligibility, coverage angles or the appropriate sound pressure level. It is also important to select the system for the intended functional use of the rooms and to verify the correct operation of the system after changing the arrangement. Conclusions: Voice alarm systems are a very good, but relatively expensive system. They allow for a very diverse operation and facilitate appropriate evacuation. However, despite the high costs, it is worth considering their installation due to the invaluable action in terms of ensuring the safety of the users of the facility and the protection of their lives. Keywords: voice alarm systems, loudspeakers, maintenance, conformity assessment, phased evacuation Type of article: review article

MODERN EQUIPMENT FOR DETERMINING TRACTOR-SPEED PROPERTIES OF THE VEHICLE: CHARACTERISTICS’ ANALYSIS IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-289
Author(s):  
N. V. Savenkov ◽  
V. V. Ponyakin ◽  
S. A. Chekulaev ◽  
V. V. Butenko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Force Transfer ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Loading Devices ◽  
Structural Solutions

Introduction. At present, stands with running drums are widely used for various types of tests. Power stands play a special role. Such stands take the mechanical power from the driving wheels of the car. This simulates the process of movement of the vehicle under operating conditions. Such equipment has various designs, principles of operation and performance. It is also used in tests that are different by purpose, development stages and types: research, control, certification, etc. Therefore, it is necessary in order to determine the traction-speed, fuel-efficient and environmental performance characteristics.Materials and methods. The paper provides the overview of the power stands with running drums, which are widespread on the domestic market. The authors carried out the analysis of the main structural solutions: schemes of force transfer between the wheel and the drum; types of loading devices; transmission layout schemes and features of the control and measuring complex. The authors also considered corresponding advantages and disadvantages, recommended spheres of application, demonstrated parameters and characteristics of the units’ workflow, presented components and equipment.Discussion and conclusions. The authors critically evaluate existing models of stands with running drums. Such information is useful for choosing serial models of stands and for developing technical tasks for designing or upgrading the equipment.

scholarly journals Six Key Advantages and Disadvantages of Working from Home in Europe during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1826
Author(s):  
Christine Ipsen ◽  
Marc van Veldhoven ◽  
Kathrin Kirchner ◽  
John Paulin Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
And Performance

The number of people working from home (WFH) increased radically during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate people’s experiences of WFH during the pandemic and to identify the main factors of advantages and disadvantages of WFH. Data from 29 European countries on the experiences of knowledge workers (N = 5748) WFH during the early stages of lockdown (11 March to 8 May 2020) were collected. A factor analysis showed the overall distribution of people’s experiences and how the advantages and disadvantages of WFH during the early weeks of the pandemic can be grouped into six key factors. The results indicated that most people had a more positive rather than negative experience of WFH during lockdown. Three factors represent the main advantages of WFH: (i) work–life balance, (ii) improved work efficiency and (iii) greater work control. The main disadvantages were (iv) home office constraints, (v) work uncertainties and (vi) inadequate tools. Comparing gender, number of children at home, age and managers versus employees in relation to these factors provided insights into the differential impact of WFH on people’s lives. The factors help organisations understand where action is most needed to safeguard both performance and well-being. As the data were collected amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, we recommend further studies to validate the six factors and investigate their importance for well-being and performance in knowledge work.

scholarly journals Alert: An Adaptive Low-Latency Event-Driven MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Vinod Namboodiri ◽  
Abtin Keshavarzian
Keyword(s):  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Network Applications ◽  
Alarm Systems ◽  
Minimum Latency ◽  
Multiple Sensor ◽  
Protocol Execution ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost

Collection of rare but delay-critical messages from a group of sensor nodes is a key process in many wireless sensor network applications. This is particularly important for security-related applications like intrusion detection and fire alarm systems. An event sensed by multiple sensor nodes in the network can trigger many messages to be sent simultaneously. We present Alert, a MAC protocol for collecting event-triggered urgent messages from a group of sensor nodes with minimum latency and without requiring any cooperation or prescheduling among the senders or between senders and receiver during protocol execution. Alert is designed to handle multiple simultaneous messages from different nodes efficiently and reliably, minimizing the overall delay to collect all messages along with the delay to get the first message. Moreover, the ability of the network to handle a large number of simultaneous messages does not come at the cost of excessive delays when only a few messages need to be handled. We analyze Alert and evaluate its feasibility and performance with an implementation on commodity hardware. We further compare Alert with existing approaches through simulations and show the performance improvement possible through Alert.

scholarly journals Guidelines for the Use of Voice Alarm Systems Based on the Analysis of Normative and Legal Documents Used in Selected European Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-24
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Research Evaluation ◽  
Fire Detection ◽  
Research Process ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Alarm Systems ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose: The aim of this publication is to present the results of theoretical research – evaluation of normative and legal documents used for the design and installation of voice alarm systems (VAS) in selected European countries. The aim of the research was to analyze and compare the functioning of voice alarm systems in Poland against the background of selected European countries. Introduction: Voice alarm systems are systems installed in buildings that enable the broadcast of warning signals and voice messages for the safety of people in the building. Mandatory use of voice alarm systems in selected buildings became applicable in Poland on January 16, 2006. In Europe, these systems have been present before. Over the years, there has been development of both the devices included in the systems, as well as the normative documents and legal acts that describe these systems. Methods: Within the research process, theoretical research was used, such as: analysis of literature and legal documents, synthesis, generalization, inference, comparison and analogy. As part of the research, documents from such countries as Poland, Great Britain (mainly England), Sweden, Norway, Germany and the Netherlands were analyzed. The selection of individual countries was guided by the level of development of these systems in a given country and the availability of source documents. Conclusions: The presented analysis of the requirements for the use of voice alarm systems shows how different the approach to the use of this type of systems is. Depending on individual experiences and the administrative structure of a given country, a variety of regulations, whether legal or normative (not always normative documents issued by state standardization institutions), can be seen in the field of voice alarm systems application. Unfortunately, one can get the impression that voice alarm systems are still not as popular as fire detection systems. The definition of the requirements for buildings in which the use of voice alarm systems should be obligatory and the requirements for the determination of the required level of speech intelligibility consti- tute the basis for the consistent development of this type of fire protection equipment. Such requirements should be specified either in legal regulations or in normative acts dedicated to voice alarm systems. Keywords: safety of evacuation, evacuation of buildings, voice alarm system, EN 54-16, EN 54-24, guidelines Type of article: review article

scholarly journals A critical review on the development and performance of polymer/graphene nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weifeng Chen ◽  
Hu Weimin ◽  
Dejiang Li ◽  
Shaona Chen ◽  
Zhongxu Dai
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Graphene Nanocomposites ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Solution Blending ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
New Type ◽  
And Performance

AbstractGraphene (graphene) is a new type of two-dimensional inorganic nanomaterial developed in recent years. It can be used as an ideal inorganic nanofiller for the preparation of polymer nanocomposites because of its high mechanical strength, excellent electrical conductivity and plentiful availability (from graphite). In this review, the preparation methods of graphene/polymer nanocomposites, including solution blending, melt blending and in situ polymerization, are introduced in order to study the relationship between these methods and the final characteristics and properties. Each method has an influence on the final characteristics and properties of the nanocomposites. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed. In addition, a variety of nanocomposites with different properties, such as mechanical properties, electronic conductivity, thermal conductivity and thermal properties, are summarized comprehensively. The potential applications of these nanocomposites in conductive materials, electromagnetic shielding materials, photocatalytic materials and so on, are briefly presented. This review demonstrates that polymer/graphene nanocomposites exhibit superior comprehensive performance and will be applied in the fields of new materials and novel devices. Future research directions of the nanocomposites are also presented.

scholarly journals Task-based programming in COMPSs to converge from HPC to big data

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Conejero ◽  
Sandra Corella ◽  
Rosa M Badia ◽  
Jesus Labarta
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Programming Models ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Big Data Applications ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right

Task-based programming has proven to be a suitable model for high-performance computing (HPC) applications. Different implementations have been good demonstrators of this fact and have promoted the acceptance of task-based programming in the OpenMP standard. Furthermore, in recent years, Apache Spark has gained wide popularity in business and research environments as a programming model for addressing emerging big data problems. COMP Superscalar (COMPSs) is a task-based environment that tackles distributed computing (including Clouds) and is a good alternative for a task-based programming model for big data applications. This article describes why we consider that task-based programming models are a good approach for big data applications. The article includes a comparison of Spark and COMPSs in terms of architecture, programming model, and performance. It focuses on the differences that both frameworks have in structural terms, on their programmability interface, and in terms of their efficiency by means of three widely known benchmarking kernels: Wordcount, Kmeans, and Terasort. These kernels enable the evaluation of the more important functionalities of both programming models and analyze different work flows and conditions. The main results achieved from this comparison are (1) COMPSs is able to extract the inherent parallelism from the user code with minimal coding effort as opposed to Spark, which requires the existing algorithms to be adapted and rewritten by explicitly using their predefined functions, (2) it is an improvement in terms of performance when compared with Spark, and (3) COMPSs has shown to scale better than Spark in most cases. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both frameworks, highlighting the differences that make them unique, thereby helping to choose the right framework for each particular objective.

Hot Isostatic Processing

2004 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Radiographic Inspection ◽  
Hot Isostatic Processing ◽  
Alloy Castings ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hip Process ◽  
Very High

Abstract Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is a process refinement available to address internal porosity in castings. The HIP process may be used, in particular, for applications requiring very high quality and performance. This chapter discusses the principles, advantages, and disadvantages of HIP. It describes the effect of HIP on tensile properties and on the fatigue performance of aluminum alloy castings. In addition, the chapter discusses the processes involved in radiographic inspection of HIP-processed castings.

A Comparative Study on a Built Sun Tracker and Fixed Converter Panels

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Farzin Shama ◽  
Gholam Hossein Roshani ◽  
Sobhan Roshani ◽  
Arash Ahmadi ◽  
Saber Karami
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Solar Power Plants ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Optimization And Performance

Producing non-polluting renewable energy in large scale is essential for sustainability of future developments in industry and human society. Among renewable energy resources, solar energy takes a special place because of its free accessibility and affordability. However, the optimization of its production and consumption processes poses important concerns, essentially in the affordability issue. This paper investigates several optimization and performance issues regarding solar panel converters using two-axis controlled solar tracer that has been practically implemented in comparison with fixed converter panels. Results shown in tables and graphs demonstrate clearly the advantages and disadvantages of the methods. Based on these results, large scale solar power plants are being suggested to be equipped with similar devices.

scholarly journals Impact of the Surgical Approach: A Comparative Study between Transcanal and Posterior Tympanotomy Approach for Cochlear Implantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Neeraj Suri ◽  
Satya Sandilya ◽  
Ruta Sayani ◽  
Amit Anand
Keyword(s):  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
Group A ◽  
Posterior Tympanotomy ◽  
Auditory Integration ◽  
Group B ◽  
Approach Group

Abstract Introduction The aim of our study is to compare the surgical complications of the transcanal and posterior tympanotomy approach and to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of both techniques. Materials and Methods It is a prospective study involving 252 pediatric cochlear implant patients operated in the Department of ENT, GMERS Medical College and General Hospital, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. Out of these, 126 patients were operated by transcanal approach (group A) and 126 patients were operated by posterior tympanotomy approach (group B). Results No significant difference in the mean duration of surgery (p > 0.064) was observed in both the groups. Major complications occurred in 60.2% of group A and 3.1% of group B and minor complications occurred in 65% of group A and 3.1% in group B, which is highly significant (p < 0.0134). The categories of auditory perception, speech intelligibility rating scales, meaningful auditory integration scale, and meaningful use of speech scale were assessed in both groups. Conclusion Complication rate in the transcanal approach is higher as compared with posterior tympanotomy approach. A complete alignment and introduction of electrode array into the basal turn of cochlea is more favorable in the posterior tympanotomy approach. Transcanal technique even as an alternative may not be useful. Outcomes may be affected depending upon the technique chosen.

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