Prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Zimbabwe: A health facility-based cross-sectional survey

Abstract Background Multimorbidity is increasingly being recognized as a serious public health concern in the control of both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). This study assessed the pattern of comorbidities and their prevalence in DR-TB patients at treatment initiation in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. The baseline laboratory records (human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] status, fasting blood sugar, audiometry, thyroid function tests, serum electrolyte, haemoglobin level and pregnancy test) of DR-TB patients initiated on treatment in Lagos, Nigeria between 1 August 2014 and 31 March 2017 were reviewed. Results A total of 565 DR-TB patients’ laboratory records were reviewed, of which 397 (70.3%) had comorbidities. The proportion with one, two, three and four comorbidities was 60.2%, 29.7%, 8.1% and 2.0%, respectively. Anaemia was the most common (48.1%) comorbid condition, while anaemia and hypokalaemia (7.3%), anaemia and hypothyroidism (6.5%) and anaemia and HIV (5%) were most common among patients with more than one comorbid condition. DR-TB patients with comorbidity were significantly older (34.8±12.3 y) than those without comorbidity (32.0±12.8 y) (p=0.038). Of the 176 females in the reproductive age group, 8 (4.5%) were pregnant at baseline. Conclusions The prevalence of comorbidity among DR-TB patients was high. There is a need for the national TB program to expand its DR-TB council of experts and also integrate reproductive health services into DR-TB management in Nigeria.

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A cross sectional study of drug resistant tuberculosis in previously treated cases

10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.pa2739 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Anshu Gul Punjabi ◽

Rakesh Waghmare ◽

Rahul Lokhande ◽

Tilak Dhamgaye ◽

Vishwanath Pujari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Previously Treated

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A cross-sectional study about knowledge and attitudes toward multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in a high-burden drug-resistant country

International Journal of Mycobacteriology ◽

10.1016/j.ijmyco.2015.12.004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 128-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hasnain Javed ◽

Zarfishan Tahir ◽

Hafiza Jawairia Hashmi ◽

Nazia Jamil

Keyword(s):

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

High Burden ◽

Knowledge And Attitudes ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Extensively Drug Resistant

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The burden of drug resistant tuberculosis in a predominantly nomadic population in Uganda: a mixed methods study

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06675-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Brenda Nakafeero Simbwa ◽

Achilles Katamba ◽

Elizabeth B. Katana ◽

Eva A. O. Laker ◽

Sandra Nabatanzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

Low Income ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Public Health Burden ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Tb Treatment ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis

Abstract Background Emergence of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) has aggravated the tuberculosis (TB) public health burden worldwide and especially in low income settings. We present findings from a predominantly nomadic population in Karamoja, Uganda with a high-TB burden (3500 new cases annually) and sought to determine the prevalence, patterns, factors associated with DR-TB. Methods We used mixed methods of data collection. We enrolled 6890 participants who were treated for tuberculosis in a programmatic setting between January 2015 and April 2018. A cross sectional study and a matched case control study with conditional logistic regression and robust standard errors respectively were used to the determine prevalence and factors associated with DR-TB. The qualitative methods included focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and key informant interviews. Results The overall prevalence of DR-TB was 41/6890 (0.6%) with 4/64,197 (0.1%) among the new and 37/2693 (1.4%) among the previously treated TB patients respectively. The drug resistance patterns observed in the region were mainly rifampicin mono resistant (68.3%) and Multi Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (31.7%). Factors independently associated with DR-TB were previous TB treatment, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 13.070 (95%CI 1.552–110.135) and drug stock-outs aOR 0.027 (95%CI 0.002–0.364). The nomadic lifestyle, substance use, congested homesteads and poor health worker attitudes were a great challenge to effective treatment of TB. Conclusion Despite having the highest national TB incidence, Karamoja still has a low DR-TB prevalence. Previous TB treatment and drug stock outs were associated with DR-TB. Regular supply of anti TB medications and health education may help to stem the burden of TB disease in this nomadic population.

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Obstructive lung disease and quality of life after cure of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis in Uganda: a cross-sectional study

Tropical Medicine and Health ◽

10.1186/s41182-020-00221-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Edwin Nuwagira ◽

Anna Stadelman ◽

Joseph Baruch Baluku ◽

Joshua Rhein ◽

Pauline Byakika-Kibwika ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Obstructive Lung Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis

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Routine surveillance for the identification of drug resistant Tuberculosis in Tanzania: A cross-sectional study of stakeholders’ perceptions

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0212421 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. e0212421 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Basra Esmail Doulla ◽

Stephen Bertel Squire ◽

Eleanor MacPherson ◽

Esther Stanslaus Ngadaya ◽

Beatrice Kemilembe Mutayoba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Routine Surveillance

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Challenges in the diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis by GeneXpert MTB/Rif in Nepal

SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS ◽

10.3126/saarctb.v16i2.23337 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 8-15

Author(s):

S.K. Shrestha ◽

N.P. Shah ◽

K.K. Jha ◽

R.P. Pant ◽

L.R. Joshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

National Tuberculosis ◽

Technical Manpower ◽

The Individual ◽

Study Participants

Introduction: GeneXpert MTB/Rif assay is an automated, cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test that can accurately detect both tuberculosis and Rifampicin resistance. Since its introduction, there has been a steady uptake of this technology by the National Tuberculosis Program of Nepal. Nevertheless, a large number of drug-resistant TB cases remains undiagnosed. This study aims to examine the challenges in diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis by the GeneXpert MTB/Rif assay in Nepal and explore the possible solutions. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study consisting of two parts – a quantitative part assessing the individual details and a qualitative part assessing the challenges on the diagnosis of drug-resistant TB by GeneXpert MTB/Rif assay. Data were collected from the GeneXpert operators, clinicians and program managers from 16 centers across the country and analyzed by IBM SPSS for Windows v23 and QDA Miner 4 Lite. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the sociodemographic and other characteristics of the study participants using mean, standard deviation and proportions as appropriate. Results: A total of 48 technical manpower participated in the study. The mean age was 39.95 years and a majority of them (77.3%) were male. The major challenges identified were inadequate training, frequent power failure, difficulty in maintaining appropriate steady temperature, module failure which is often not replaced in time, issues with calibration and timely availability of cartridges as well as appropriate ways to store the new cartridges and safe disposal of the used cartridges. Conclusion: A number of challenges limit the optimal utilization of GeneXpert MTB/Rif assay warranting action.

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