Relative Efficacy of Probiotics Compared with Standard Therapy for Diarrhea Treatment in Children Under Five Years of Age: A Meta-Analysis Evidence from Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Aini Suria Saputri ◽  
◽  
Tri Nugraha Susilawati ◽  
Vitri Widyaningsih ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Standard Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Relative Efficacy ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Review Manager

ABSTRACT Background: Probiotics have been widely studied in a variety of gastrointestinal diseases. There is high-quality evidence that probiotics are effective for acute infectious diarrhea. This study aimed to examine the relative efficacy of probiotics compared with standard therapy for diarrhea treatment in children under five using meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: A meta-analysis was carried out using systematic PRISMA guidelines. The review process begins with searching for articles published between 2009 and 2019 from PubMed, Clinical Key, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases. This study obtained four articles that meet the criteria of the randomized controlled trial (RCT), the study subjects were toddlers and conducted in developing countries. A sample of 995 children was divided into two groups, 518 children received probiotics (intervention) and 477 children received standard therapy (control). The data were analyzed by Review Manager (RevMan) software 5.3 to assess Standardized Mean Difference (SMD). Results: Probiotics administration reduced duration of acute diarrhea in children under five than standard therapy, with pooled estimate= 0.30 (SMD= -0.30; 95% CI= – 0.56 to -0.03). Conclusion: Probiotics administration combined with standard therapy is effective to reduce the duration of acute diarrhea in children under five in developing countries. Keywords: acute diarrhea, probiotic, children under five Correspondence:Nurul Aini Suria Saputri. Midwifery Department, School of Health Polytechnics, Tanjungpinang/ Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Arief Rahman Hakim No.1, Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285743401971. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.95

scholarly journals Comparison of zinc-probiotic combination therapy to zinc therapy alone in reducing the severity of acute diarrhea

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hatta ◽  
Supriatmo Supriatmo ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Atan Baas Sinuhaji ◽  
Berlian Hasibuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background Although the incidence of diarrhea in Indonesia has declined in the last five years, the mortality rate in children under five years old is still high. Therefore, appropriate and comprehensive management of diarrhea is essential. There have been many studies on the role of zinc therapy and probiotic therapy in reducing the severity of acute diarrhea, but not many studies have compared the use of a combination of the two therapies tozinc therapy alone.Objective To compare the efficacy of zinc-probiotic combination therapy to zinc alone in reducing the severity of acute diarrhea.Methods We conducted a randomized, open-label, controlled trial from July 2009 to January 2010 in Adam Malik Hospital and Pirngadi Hospital, Medan. Children aged between 1 month and 5 years who met the criteria were divided into two groups. Group I received zinc sulphate (aged <6 months: 10 mg/day; aged 2:6 months: 20 mg/day) combined with heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus (3x101O CFU/day) for 10 days. Group II received only zinc sulphate at the same dosage as group I. Measurement of disease severity was based on the frequency of diarrhea (times/day) and the duration of diarrhea (hours) after initial drug consumption.Results Eighty subjects were enrolled, randomised, and divided equally into two groups. 40 children received zinc-probiotic in combination (group I) and the remainder (group II) received zinc alone. We observed significant differences in frequency of diarrhea (2.1 vs 3.1 times/day, P=0.001, 95%CI -1.62 to -0.49), and duration of diarrhea (52.1 vs. 72.6 hours, P=0.00l, 95%CI -30.91 to -10.18) in the two groups.Conclusion Combination of zinc-probiotic therapy was more effective in reducing the severity of acute diarrhea than zinc therapy alone in children under five years of age.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic factors associated with dysentery in children under-five years from developing countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángela María Pinzón-Rondón ◽  
Carol Jisseth Zarate-Ardila ◽  
Laura Parra-Correa ◽  
Alisson Zarate-Ardila ◽  
Paola Lozada-Calderón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Early Years ◽  
P Value ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

AbstractObjectiveDysentery represents 10% of all causes of acute diarrhea in the world and recognizing the implied proximal and distal social factors at different levels would impact on every related outcome. Our purpose is to identify mother, household and country characteristics that favor the presence of dysentery in children under 5 years old.MethodsWe conducted a multilevel analysis of data from phase V of the Demographic and Health Survey and the World Bank, which included 38,762 children from 33 countries.ResultsPrevalence of dysentery was 14.74%. GDP per-capita was negative associated (OR= 0.75; 95% CI 0.71-0.78) and Gini index was positive associated (OR= 1.23; 95% CI 1.19-1.28). Additionally, child age (OR= 0.99; 95% CI 0.99-1.00), mother age (OR= 1.01; 95% CI 1.00-1.01), employed mother (OR= 1.11; 95% CI 1.02-1.20), and number of household members (OR= 1.02; 95% CI 1.01-1.03) have significant positive associations with the presence of dysentery, while complete immunization schedule (OR= 0.88; 95% CI 0.81-0.96), duration of breastfeeding (OR= 0.81; 95% CI 0.75-0.89), and type of residence (OR= 0.87; 95% CI 0.79-0.97) have significant negative associations with having the illness. Finally, each of the categories of wealth index showed a significant association with dysentery (p-value < 0.001).ConclusionsLower per capita GDP and higher Gini coefficient are associated with the development of dysentery, regardless of characteristics of children, their mother, and household. Future and present public health programs should address these issues in order to impact on the occurrence of this illness.Author summaryDysentery represents 10% of all causes of acute diarrheal disease. Diarrhea is the fifth cause of worldwide death in children under five years old. It is particularly important to assess and prevent this condition because the early years of life are critical since it is the period when the brain develops most rapidly and has a high capacity for change. Complications associated with dysentery such as malnutrition and convulsive episodes could have a negative effect in this aspect.Our purpose is to identify the country proximal and distal socioeconomic factors that favor the presence of dysentery in children under five years old from low and middle-income developing countries in order to impact on the occurrence of this illness and its related outcomes. Studying associated factors with developing dysentery during an episode of acute diarrhea could be the base upon which we can diminish mortality from this illness through national policies to impact on national, community and household aspects.

Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Probiotics on the Duration of Diarrhea in Children Under Five

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Agustin Dwi Ciptaningtyas ◽  
◽  
Bhisma Murti ◽  
Setyo Sri Rahardjo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Childhood Malnutrition ◽  
Randomized Controlled

ABSTRACT Background: Diarrhea is a common problem for children under five years of age. Multiple diarrhea episodes can lead to serious problems such as childhood malnutrition in developing or non-industrialized countries. In Indonesia, 70-80% of 60 million people who suffer diarrhea are children under five years of age. Apart from the existing treatment guidelines for diarrhea, probiotic or non-pathogenic living microorganisms are supposed to have preventive and curative effects on many diarrhea forms. This study aimed to estimate the effect of probiotics on the frequency and duration of diarrhea in children under five years of age. Subjects and Method: This was meta-analysis and systematic review.This study collected articles which published year 2010-2020. The articles were obtained from PubMed, Science Direct, Research Gate, and Google Scholar databases. The inclusion criteria were full text, using randomized controlled trial (RCT) study design, using probiotics intervention, the study subjects was children under five with diarrhea, and reporting effect size value (mean and standard deviation). The selected articles were analyzed using Revman 5.3. Results: There were 5 articles reviewed for this study. There was high heterogeneity between experimental groups(I2= 89%; p= 0.09). Probiotics provision were effectively to shortened duration of diarrhea 0.39 times than without probiotics provision (Mean Difference= -0.39; 95% CI= 0.85 to -0.07; p= 0.090). Conclusion: Probiotics are effective to shortened duration of diarrhea in children under five. Keywords: probiotic, diarrhea, meta-analysis Correspondence: Wahyu Agustin Dwi Ciptaningtyas. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java.Email: [email protected]. Mobile : 082229991202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.51

scholarly journals Prevalence of acute diarrhea and associated factors among children under five in semi-urban areas of northeastern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarikuwa Natnael ◽  
Mistir Lingerew ◽  
Metadel Adane
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Diarrheal disease is still one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity in children under five in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Lack of specific data on the prevalence of acute diarrhea and associated factors among under-five children in the semi-urban areas of Gelsha, found in northeastern Ethiopia’s South Wollo zone, remains a major gap. Therefore, this study was designed to provide data that is important for proper planning of intervention measures to reduce the problem in this area. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 340 systematically selected children under five in semi-urban areas of Gelsha from January to March 2019. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire and an observational checklist. Bivariable (crude odds ratio [COR]) and multivariable analysis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]) were employed using binary logistic regression model with 95% CI (confidence interval). Variables with a p-value < 0.05 from the multivariable analysis were declared as factors significantly associated with acute diarrhea. Result The prevalence of acute diarrhea among children under five in the study area was 11% (95%CI: 7.8–14.3%). About two-thirds (63.60%) of study participants used water from improved sources. About half (54.90%) of study participants practiced poor handwashing and 45.10% practiced good handwashing. We found that factors significantly associated with acute diarrhea were a child’s age of 12–23 months (AOR = 4.68, 95% CI: 1.45–1.50), the presence of two or more under-five children in the house (AOR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.19–6.81), unimproved water sources (AOR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.28–6.87) and presence of feces around the pit hole/slab/floor of the latrine (AOR = 3.34, 95% CI: 1.34–8.31). Conclusion The prevalence of acute diarrhea among children under five was relatively high. To reduce the problem, various prevention strategies are essential, such as the provision of health education to mothers/caregivers that focuses on keeping sanitation facilities clean and child care, and construction of improved water sources. Furthermore, implementing a strong health extension program, advocating an open defecation-free environment, and practicing a community-led total sanitation and hygiene approach might be helpful to sustainably reduce childhood diarrhea.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of COVID-19 infection in young children under five years: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Vaccine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mejbah Uddin Bhuiyan ◽  
Eunice Stiboy ◽  
Md. Zakiul Hassan ◽  
Mei Chan ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Diarrhea in Children Under Five Years in Urban Slums

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balakrishna Kalakheti ◽  
Kiran Panthee ◽  
Kastur Chand Jain
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
The Family ◽  
Diarrhea Prevalence ◽  
Us Dollar ◽  
Breast Fed

Introduction: Diarrhea is a leading cause of mortality in children in developing countries and the condition is worse in slums. In order to provide effective preventive and management strategies, it is important to identify factors associated with the disease. This study was carried out to investigate the risk factors of diarrhea in  children under five years of age in urban slums.   Methods: Parents of all children under five years from the urban slums of Tansen municipality, Palpa, Nepal were interviewed using a standardized pretested questionnaire and proforma. Parental variables, environmental factors, and presence of diarrhea in those children in past three months were collected by trained enumerators and the data were analyzed with statistical software SPSS-10.   Results: A total of 450 under five years children were enrolled in the study. There were 216 (48%) male and 234 (52%) female children with F:M ratio of 1.08:1. Occurrence of diarrhea was lower if the children were breast-fed for more than six months, well-nourished, used fountain water for drinking, or used boiled or treated water. Similarly, diarrhea prevalence was lower if father had a regular job, daily income in the family was more than one US dollar, there was a toilet in the house, practice of hand washing was followed before feeding or preparing food, or there was no child suffering from diarrhea in the neighborhood.   Conclusion: There are a few variables that are significantly related to diarrhea in children under five years of age. In order to decrease the diarrheal episodes in children in the slums of the developing countries, priority could be given in the improvement of those variables.

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