Changes in nitric oxide synthase and nitrite and nitrate serum levels in patients with or without multidrug-resistant tuberculosis undergoing the intensive phase of antituberculosis therapy

Tuberculosis is infectious and socially dependent disease, being now one of the most pressing issues in practical health care. As well the usual types of tuberculosis infection, chemoresistant tuberculosis is spreading rapidly in the world. The WHO estimates that about 500,000 people on the planet are infected with M. tuberculosis, which is resistant to standard anti−tuberculosis drugs. The probability of successful treatment decreases with emergence of new genotypes of M. tuberculosis with total resistance. In the modern epidemiology of tuberculosis, it is important to identify genotypes on certain signs, allowing to address issues such as their origin, identification of the infection source, possible routes and factors of transmission, as well as to reveal cases and spread of resistance to anti−tuberculosis drugs. To evaluate the therapy efficiency of multidrug−resistant tuberculosis patients with revealed genotypic variability during treatment, 10 patients with chemoresistant pulmonary tuberculosis having M. tuberculosis genotypic variability were treated. In these patients, the clinical, laboratory and radiological dynamics of disease in intensive phase of treatment were studied. Analysis of treatment results for patients with chemoresistant tuberculosis with genotypic variability of M. tuberculosis was evaluated by the intoxication syndrome dynamics of, the timing of closure of the decay cavities and cessation of bacterial excretion. The study found that the genotypic variability of M. tuberculosis is characterized by the change of less virulent genotypes of M. tuberculosis to more virulent. Signs of intoxication have been shown to change from less virulent M. tuberculosis genotypes to M. tuberculosis Beijing genotypes. Genotypic variability of mycobacteria in hospital suggests that hospitalization in tuberculosis facilities is a risk of exogenous tuberculosis superinfection. Studying the influence of genotypic variability of M. tuberculosis on the course of multidrug−resistant tuberculosis requires more extensive research, being a very relevant and promising area in phthisiology. Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, genotypic variability, VNTR−genotyping, treatment.

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Triiodothyronine attenuates the progression of renal injury in a rat model of chronic kidney disease

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/cjpp-2017-0252 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 (6) ◽

pp. 603-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sahar M. El Agaty

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Renal Injury ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Female Rats ◽

Renal Tubules ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

Remnant Kidney

This study was designed to investigate whether and how triiodothyronine (T3) affects renal function in an experimental model of chronic kidney disease. Twenty-four female rats were divided into the following groups: sham-operated control group (n = 8), 5/6 nephrectomized group (Nx, n = 8), and 5/6 nephrectomized group treated with T3 for 2 weeks (T3-Nx, n = 8). T3 administration significantly decreased serum levels of urea, creatinine, tumour necrosis factorα, and interleukin-6 compared with serum levels in the Nx group. The levels of malondialdehyde, transforming growth factor β, fibronectin, and collagen IV, as well as the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor κB, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, caspase-3, and Bax were all significantly decreased, though not normalized, in the remnant kidney of rats in the T3-Nx group compared with Nx rats. Glutathione, heme oxygenase-1 levels, as well as endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression were increased in the remnant kidney of the T3-Nx group. Histological studies revealed focal necrosis of renal tubules associated with inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis in the Nx group. These changes were alleviated in T3-Nx rats. This study showed that T3 administration attenuated the clinical and histological signs of renal injury in 5/6 nephrectomized rats by mitigating renal oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis.

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Intensive-Phase Treatment Outcomes among Hospitalized Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients: Results from a Nationwide Cohort in Nigeria

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0094393 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. e94393 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Olanrewaju Oladimeji ◽

Petros Isaakidis ◽

Olusegun J. Obasanya ◽

Osman Eltayeb ◽

Mohammed Khogali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Intensive Phase ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis

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Pulmonary vascular dilation induced by l‐arginine: correlation with induction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in a rabbit model

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1080/02841850510012607 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 48-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. K. Yoon ◽

K.‐N. Lee ◽

J. H. Lee ◽

J. S. Jeong ◽

J.‐Y. Kwak

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Computed Tomography ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Tap Water ◽

Rabbit Model ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Control Group ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Purpose: To determine whether oral administration of l‐arginine induces pulmonary vascular dilation, and if this pulmonary vascular dilation correlates with induction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in a rabbit model. Material and Methods: Seven rabbits were fed with l‐arginine dissolved in tap water. The degree of pulmonary vascular dilation was determined using thin‐section computed tomography and the concentration of serum nitrite was measured. They were compared with four control animals. The pulmonary vascular dilation was correlated to serum levels of nitrite. Lung tissues were examined for induction of eNOS by immunohistochemistry. Results: An increased degree of pulmonary vascular dilation was found in the l‐arginine‐fed group compared to the control group ( P<0.05). Serum levels of nitrite in the l‐arginine‐fed group were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). Pulmonary vascular dilation correlated with serum levels of nitrite ( r2 = 0.95, P<0.05). Induction of eNOS was increased in the l‐arginine‐fed group. Conclusion: The administration of l‐arginine causes pulmonary vascular dilation, which is most likely mediated via nitric oxide through increased induction of eNOS in a rabbit model.

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Serum levels of cathepsin D, sirtuin1, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase are correlatively reduced in elderly healthy people

Aging Clinical and Experimental Research ◽

10.1007/s40520-015-0472-7 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 641-645 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yuan Zhong ◽

Alex. F. Chen ◽

Jian Zhao ◽

Ying-Jia Gu ◽

Guo-Xiang Fu

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Cathepsin D ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Healthy People ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

Endothelial Nitric Oxide

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Treatment Compliance of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in Uzbekistan: Does Practice Follow Policy?

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18084071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 4071

Author(s):

Ruzilya Usmanova ◽

Nargiza Parpieva ◽

Hayk Davtyan ◽

Olga Denisiuk ◽

Jamshid Gadoev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Guidelines ◽

Treatment Compliance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Future Research ◽

Continuation Phase ◽

Intensive Phase ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Treatment Changes ◽

Drug Dosages

Compliance with treatment guidelines is essential to achieve successful outcomes in tuberculosis patients. Thus, we assessed if multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment practices from 2012–2018 in Uzbekistan were compliant with national guidelines in terms of regimens prescribed, weight-based drug dosages used, and documentation of treatment changes (such as prolongation of intensive phase, change of drugs, and their reasons) in the treatment card and Consilium form. A total of 1481 patients were included. Of them, only 25% received standardized regimens as per guidelines and the remaining received individualized regimens. There was an increasing trend in using standardized regimens from 2% in 2012 to 44% in 2018. Compliance to recommended weight-based drug dosages was observed in 85% of the patients during the intensive phase and 84% in the continuation phase—ranged 71–91% over the years. Prolongation of the intensive phase was done in 42% of patients. The treatment was changed in 44% of patients during the intensive phase and 34% of patients during the continuation phase. The documentation of treatment changes was suboptimal (42–75%) during the initial years (2012–2014); however, it improved significantly during later years (86–100%). Future research should explore reasons for non-compliance so that the quality of patient care can be improved.

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Factors influencing the length of hospital stays during the intensive phase of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment at Amhara Regional State hospitals, Ethiopia: A retrospective follow up study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15610/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

koku Sisay Tamirat ◽

Gashaw Andargie ◽

Yaregal Animut Babel

Keyword(s):

Hospital Stay ◽

Drug Effects ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Tuberculosis Treatment ◽

Intensive Phase ◽

State Hospitals ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Hospital Stays

Abstract Background: The length of hospital stay is the duration of hospitalization and reflects disease severity and resource utilization indirectly. Generally, tuberculosis considered as an ambulatory disease able to be treated at DOTs clinics, however, hospitalization remains an important component for clinical stabilization of patients. Hence, this study aimed to identify factors influencing the length of hospital stay during the intensive phase of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment at Amhara Regional State hospitals, Ethiopia.Methods: An institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted at three hospitals, namely the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized, Borumeda, and Debremarkos referral from September 2010 to December 2016 (n=432). Data were extracted from hospital admission/discharge logbooks and individual patient medical charts. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with longer hospital stays during the intensive phase of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment.Result: Most patients (93.5%) had a pulmonary form of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and 26.2% had /TB/HIV co-infections. The median length of hospital stay was 62 (interquartile range 36 to 100) days. The pulmonary form of tuberculosis (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.31 to 9.16), functional status of bedridden (AOR= 2.88, 95%CI; 1.29 to 6.43), and reported adverse drug effects (AOR=2.11, 95%CI; 1.35 to 3.30) were significant predictors of extended hospital stays.Conclusion: The study revealed that the length of hospital-stay differed significantly between the hospitals. The pulmonary form of tuberculosis decreased functional status at admission and reported adverse drug reactions were determinants of longer hospital stays. This underscores the importance of early case detection and prompt treatment of adverse drug effects.

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A comparison of maternal serum levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and homocysteine in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies

Medical Science Monitor ◽

10.12659/msm.883932 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 430-437 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Jan Oleszczuk

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Asymmetric Dimethylarginine ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

Endothelial Nitric Oxide

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Factors influencing the length of hospital stay during the intensive phase of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment at Amhara Regional State hospitals, Ethiopia: A retrospective follow up study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15610/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

koku Sisay Tamirat ◽

Gashaw Andargie ◽

Yaregal Animut Babel

Keyword(s):

Hospital Stay ◽

Drug Effects ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Tuberculosis Treatment ◽

Intensive Phase ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Hospital Stays

Abstract Background: The length of hospital stay is the duration of hospitalization, which reflects disease severity and resource utilization indirectly. Generally, tuberculosis is considered an ambulatory disease that could be treated at DOTs clinics; however, admission remains an essential component for patients' clinical stabilization. Hence, this study aimed to identify factors influencing hospital stay length during the intensive phase of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment.Methods: A retrospective follow-up study was conducted at three hospitals, namely the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized, Borumeda, and Debremarkos referral hospitals from September 2010 to December 2016 (n=432). Data extracted from hospital admission/discharge logbooks and individual patient medical charts. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with more extended hospital stays during the intensive phase of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment.Result: Most patients (93.5%) had a pulmonary form of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and 26.2% had /TB/HIV co-infections. The median length of hospital stays was 62 (interquartile range from 36 to 100) days. The pulmonary form of tuberculosis (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.31 to 9.16), bedridden functional status (AOR= 2.88, 95%CI; 1.29 to 6.43), and adverse drug effects (AOR=2.11, 95%CI; 1.35 to 3.30) were factors associated with extended hospital stays.Conclusion: This study revealed that the length of hospital-stay differed significantly between the hospitals. The pulmonary form of tuberculosis decreased functional status at admission and reported adverse drug reactions were determinants of more extended hospital stays. These underscore the importance of early case detection and prompt treatment of adverse drug effects.

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