Transdiagnostic dimensions of anxiety: Neural mechanisms, executive functions, and new directions

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Sharp ◽  
Gregory A. Miller ◽  
Wendy Heller
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
New Directions

Mindfulness Meditation – From Traditional Approaches to Mobile Applications (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Liebher ◽  
Yi-Yuan Tang
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Traditional Programs ◽  
Temporal Flexibility ◽  
Individual Use ◽  
Traditional Approaches

BACKGROUND Since the 1970s, psychological and neuroscientific research has had an increasing interest in mindfulness meditation. The resulting findings were followed by various programs which are based on the same idea: mindfulness meditation is a process of openly attending, with awareness to one’s present moment experience. In recent years the traditional programs have been turned more and more into digital applications, which promise increased spatial and temporal flexibility as well as an individual use. However, the large number of mobile applications offered contrasts with few evidence-based programs. OBJECTIVE The present review aims to consider the potential of mobile but also traditional programs to improve executive functions and alter neural mechanisms, in order to meet the growing demands of our digitized everyday life. METHODS - RESULTS By reviewing previous empirical findings and theoretical considerations, we describe short-term and long-term effects of both types as well as challenges and limitations with which they are faced. CONCLUSIONS Furthermore, we provide potential solutions for future programs with a specific focus of improving executive functions and underlying neural mechanisms. CLINICALTRIAL -

scholarly journals The Neuroscience of Creativity

Neuroforum ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Fink ◽  
Mathias Benedek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Creative Cognition ◽  
Common Practices ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Creative Ideation ◽  
Modes Of Thought

Abstract While earlier neuroscience studies on creativity have been criticized due to their heterogeneity of findings, recent studies in this field have converged to some common practices and methodological approaches, which have greatly contributed to enhance both the reliability and reproducibility of findings in this field. Relevant neuroscience findings suggest that creative cognition requires a conglomerate of neurocognitive processes involving executive functions, memory processes, internally-focused attention, or spontaneous modes of thought. Studies investigating creativity in more naturalistic, real-life settings reveal some overlap with conventional creative ideation, but also indicate that creativity and its underlying neural mechanisms are specific to the particular domain. Another trend in the neuroscience of creativity is concerned with approaches to enhance creativity, involving a broad diversity of interventions ranging from cognitively-oriented techniques to interventions using physical activity.

Sociocultural memory development research drives new directions in gadgetry science

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Van Bergen ◽  
John Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Memory Development ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

Abstract Sociocultural developmental psychology can drive new directions in gadgetry science. We use autobiographical memory, a compound capacity incorporating episodic memory, as a case study. Autobiographical memory emerges late in development, supported by interactions with parents. Intervention research highlights the causal influence of these interactions, whereas cross-cultural research demonstrates culturally determined diversity. Different patterns of inheritance are discussed.

Behavioural alcohol research: new directions or more of the same?

Addiction ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 1411-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Shakeshaft ◽  
Jenny A. Bowman ◽  
Rob W. Sanson-Fisher
Keyword(s):  
New Directions

Zum Zusammenhang exekutiver Funktionen und sozial-emotionaler Auffälligkeiten bei integriert beschulten Kindern mit einer Hörschädigung

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-359
Author(s):  
Manfred Hintermair ◽  
Désirée Korneffel
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties Questionnaire ◽  
Behavior Rating ◽  
Exekutive Funktionen ◽  
Psychosoziale Entwicklung ◽  
Behavior Rating Inventory ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties

Fragestellung: Da im Zuge inklusiver Bestrebungen immer mehr hörgeschädigte Kinder eine allgemeine Schule besuchen werden, gilt es, relevante entwicklungspsychologische Voraussetzungen hierfür genauer zu betrachten. In einer Studie wurden deshalb sozial-emotionale Probleme hörgeschädigter Kinder an allgemeinen Schulen im Zusammenhang mit möglichen Problemen in der Entwicklung exekutiver Funktionen und der kommunikativen Kompetenz diskutiert. Methodik: Eine Stichprobe von 69 Schülern wurde mit einer deutschen Version des «Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions (BRIEF)», einer Kurzskala zur Erfassung der kommunikativen Kompetenz sowie dem Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire untersucht. Die Daten wurden mit einer Normierungsstichprobe verglichen, weiter wurden korrelative und regressionsanalytische Zusammenhänge der Variablen berechnet. Ebenso wurden Zusammenhänge der exekutiven Funktionen mit soziodemographischen Variablen analysiert. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass in fast allen Bereichen exekutiver Funktionen die hörgeschädigten Kinder mehr Probleme aufweisen als die Kinder der hörenden Normierungsstichprobe und die Prävalenzrate durchschnittlich ca. dreimal höher ist. Der Index für verhaltensregulierende exekutive Funktionen erweist sich neben dem Geschlecht am besten zur Vorhersage sozial-emotionaler Probleme. Schlussfolgerungen: Für die pädagogische Praxis ergibt sich, dass hörgeschädigte Schüler an allgemeinen Schulen in Bezug auf ihre psychosoziale Entwicklung von einem pädagogischen Konzept profitieren, das neben der Förderung sprachkommunikativer Kompetenzen auch auf die Stärkung von Selbstkontrolle und Selbstwirksamkeit der Kinder fokussiert.

New Directions in Multinomial Modeling

2009 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Stahl ◽  
Thorsten Meiser
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Modeling ◽  
New Directions

Time-Based Measures of Monitoring in Association With Executive Functions in Kindergarten Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Kälin ◽  
Claudia M. Roebers
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Metacognitive Monitoring

Abstract. Repeatedly, the notion has been put forward that metacognition (MC) and executive functions (EF) share common grounds, as both describe higher order cognitive processes and involve monitoring. However, only few studies addressed this issue empirically and so far their findings are rather inconsistent. Addressing the question whether measurement differences may in part be responsible for the mixed results, the current study included explicitly reported as well as time-based measures of metacognitive monitoring and related them to EF. A total of 202 children aged 4–6 years were assessed in terms of EF (inhibition, working memory, shifting) and monitoring. While there was no significant link between explicitly reported confidence and EF, latencies of monitoring judgments were significantly related to time- and accuracy-based measures of EF. Our findings support the association between EF and MC and the assumption that better inhibition abilities help children to engage in more thorough monitoring.

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