scholarly journals Long-Term Influence of Incidental Emotions on the Emotional Judgment of Neutral Faces

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta F. Nudelman ◽  
Liana C. L. Portugal ◽  
Izabela Mocaiber ◽  
Isabel A. David ◽  
Beatriz S. Rodolpho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Facial Stimuli ◽  
Neutral Face ◽  
Negative Context ◽  
Important Evidence

Background: Evidence indicates that the processing of facial stimuli may be influenced by incidental factors, and these influences are particularly powerful when facial expressions are ambiguous, such as neutral faces. However, limited research investigated whether emotional contextual information presented in a preceding and unrelated experiment could be pervasively carried over to another experiment to modulate neutral face processing.Objective: The present study aims to investigate whether an emotional text presented in a first experiment could generate negative emotion toward neutral faces in a second experiment unrelated to the previous experiment.Methods: Ninety-nine students (all women) were randomly assigned to read and evaluate a negative text (negative context) or a neutral text (neutral text) in the first experiment. In the subsequent second experiment, the participants performed the following two tasks: (1) an attentional task in which neutral faces were presented as distractors and (2) a task involving the emotional judgment of neutral faces.Results: The results show that compared to the neutral context, in the negative context, the participants rated more faces as negative. No significant result was found in the attentional task.Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that incidental emotional information available in a previous experiment can increase participants’ propensity to interpret neutral faces as more negative when emotional information is directly evaluated. Therefore, the present study adds important evidence to the literature suggesting that our behavior and actions are modulated by previous information in an incidental or low perceived way similar to what occurs in everyday life, thereby modulating our judgments and emotions.

Knowing me, knowing you: Emotion differentiation in oneself is associated with recognition of others’ emotions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Israelashvlili
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Interpersonal Skills ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Emotion Differentiation

Previous research has found that individuals vary greatly in emotion differentiation, that is, the extent to which they distinguish between different emotions when reporting on their own feelings. Building on previous work that has shown that emotion differentiation is associated with individual differences in intrapersonal functions, the current study asks whether emotion differentiation is also related to interpersonal skills. Specifically, we examined whether individuals who are high in emotion differentiation would be more accurate in recognizing others’ emotional expressions. We report two studies in which we used an established paradigm tapping negative emotion differentiation and several emotion recognition tasks. In Study 1 (N = 363), we found that individuals high in emotion differentiation were more accurate in recognizing others’ emotional facial expressions. Study 2 (N = 217), replicated this finding using emotion recognition tasks with varying amounts of emotional information. These findings suggest that the knowledge we use to understand our own emotional experience also helps us understand the emotions of others.

scholarly journals In context: emotional intent and temporal immediacy of contextual descriptions modulate affective ERP components to facial expressions

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-560
Author(s):  
Katharina M Rischer ◽  
Mattias Savallampi ◽  
Anushka Akwaththage ◽  
Nicole Salinas Thunell ◽  
Carl Lindersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Face Perception ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Verbal Description ◽  
Facial Stimuli ◽  
Late Event ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Valence And Arousal

Abstract In this study, we explored how contextual information about threat dynamics affected the electrophysiological correlates of face perception. Forty-six healthy native Swedish speakers read verbal descriptions signaling an immediate vs delayed intent to escalate or deescalate an interpersonal conflict. Each verbal description was followed by a face with an angry or neutral expression, for which participants rated valence and arousal. Affective ratings confirmed that the emotional intent expressed in the descriptions modulated emotional reactivity to the facial stimuli in the expected direction. The electrophysiological data showed that compared to neutral faces, angry faces resulted in enhanced early and late event-related potentials (VPP, P300 and LPP). Additionally, emotional intent and temporal immediacy modulated the VPP and P300 similarly across angry and neutral faces, suggesting that they influence early face perception independently of facial affect. By contrast, the LPP amplitude to faces revealed an interaction between facial expression and emotional intent. Deescalating descriptions eliminated the LPP differences between angry and neutral faces. Together, our results suggest that information about a person’s intentions modulates the processing of facial expressions.

What you morph is not what you get: Subjective and neural responses to facial expressions of emotion depend on perceived intensity/arousal (not on amount of morphing)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Ferreira-Santos ◽  
Mariana R. Pereira ◽  
Tiago O. Paiva ◽  
Pedro R. Almeida ◽  
Eva C. Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Facial Stimuli ◽  
Facial Expressions Of Emotion ◽  
Processing Techniques

The behavioral and electrophysiological study of the emotional intensity of facial expressions of emotions has relied on image processing techniques termed ‘morphing’ to generate realistic facial stimuli in which emotional intensity can be manipulated. This is achieved by blending neutral and emotional facial displays and treating the percent of morphing between the two stimuli as an objective measure of emotional intensity. Here we argue that the percentage of morphing between stimuli does not provide an objective measure of emotional intensity and present supporting evidence from affective ratings and neural (event-related potential) responses. We show that 50% morphs created from high or moderate arousal stimuli differ in subjective and neural responses in a sensible way: 50% morphs are perceived as having approximately half of the emotional intensity of the original stimuli, but if the original stimuli differed in emotional intensity to begin with, then so will the morphs. We suggest a re-examination of previous studies that used percentage of morphing as a measure of emotional intensity and highlight the value of more careful experimental control of emotional stimuli and inclusion of proper manipulation checks.

An ERP Study on Facial Expression of Emotion: Comparison of Linguistic and Visual Semantic Decoding

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Balconi
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Emotional Content ◽  
Facial Stimuli ◽  
Facial Expression Of Emotion ◽  
Expression Of Emotion ◽  
Related Potentials

The present research compared the semantic information processing of linguistic stimuli with semantic elaboration of nonlinguistic facial stimuli. To explore brain potentials (ERPs, event-related potentials) related to decoding facial expressions and the effect of semantic valence of the stimulus, we analyzed data for 20 normal subjects ( M age = 23.6 yr., SD = 0.2). Faces with three basic emotional expressions (fear, happiness, and sadness from the 1976 Ekman and Friesen database), with three semantically anomalous expressions (with respect to their emotional content), and the neutral stimuli (face without an emotional content) were presented in a random order. Differences in peak amplitude of ERP were observed later for anomalous expressions compared with congruous expressions. In fact, the results demonstrated that the emotional anomalous faces elicited a higher negative peak at about 360 msec., distributed mainly over the posterior sites. The observed electrophysiological activity may represent specific cognitive processing underlying the comprehension of facial expressions in detection of semantic anomaly. The evidence is in favour of comparability of this negative deflection with the N400 ERP effect elicited by linguistic anomalies.

Spill-over of memory effect in younger and older adults : can emotional information become associated with neutral episodic details

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sanchita Gargya
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Neutral Stimulus ◽  
Emotional Content ◽  
Memory Representation ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Emotional Context ◽  
Information Research ◽  
The Impact

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] An extensive literature on the influence of emotion on memory asserts that memory for emotional information is remembered better than information lacking emotional content (Kensinger, 2009; Talmi et al., 2007; for review see Hamann, 2001). While decades of research have agreed upon memory advantages for emotional versus neutral information, research studying the impact of emotion on memory for associated details has shown differential effects of emotion on associated neutral details (Erk et al., 2003; Righi et al., 2015; Steinmetz et al., 2015). Using emotional-neutral stimulus pairs, the current set of experiments present novel findings from aging perspective to systematically explore the impact of embedded emotional information on associative memory representation of associated neutral episodic memory details. To accomplish this, three experiments were conducted. In all three experiments, younger and older participants were shown three types of emotional faces (happy, sad, and neutral) along with names. The first experiment investigated whether associative instructions and repetition of face-name pairs influence and promote formation of implicit emotional face-name associations. Using intentional and incidental instructions to encode face-name associations, in Experiment 2 and 3, respectively, participants' memory for whether names, shown with different facial expressions, can trigger emotional content of a study episode in the absence of the original emotional context at test, was assessed. Results indicate that while both younger and older adults show that names are integrated better with happy facial expressions than with sad expressions, older adults fail to show a benefit for associating a name with a happy emotional expression in the absence of associative encoding instructions. Overall, these results suggest that happy facial expressions can be implicitly learnt with or spilled over to associated neutral episodic details, like names. However, this integration is accomplished by older adults only under instructions to form face-name association.

10. Introduction to the Simplified Sign System

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
John D. Bonvillian ◽  
Nicole Kissane Lee ◽  
Tracy T. Dooley ◽  
Filip T. Loncke
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Memory Aids ◽  
Sign System ◽  
Natural Variations ◽  
Written Descriptions ◽  
Supporting Materials ◽  
Written Description

Chapter 10 provides an introduction to the organization of the Simplified Sign System lexicon and its supporting materials. This chapter explains the various conventions used in the sign illustrations so that learners can accurately interpret the drawings, including the numbering of initial, intermediate, and final positions; the size, shape, and repetition of arrows, quotes, and other marks that depict the sign’s movement; and the provision of facial expressions on signs that convey emotional information. Drawings and expanded written descriptions of the handshapes used in the Simplified Sign System are provided, along with information on how prevalent each handshape is in the system and a sampling of the particular meanings that a handshape can convey within the system. Drawings and written descriptions of the various palm orientations and finger/knuckle orientations used in the system are provided as well so that family members, educators, and other professionals will be able to accurately interpret each sign’s written description. Also discussed in this chapter are the memory aids provided with each sign, natural variations in sign formation and production that are to be expected, as well as what to do if a sign learner has functional use of only one hand and arm.

Facial Expressions of Emotions and Ethological Behavioral Categories

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Kirouac ◽  
Martin Bouchard ◽  
Andrée St-Pierre
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Facial Stimuli ◽  
Motivational States ◽  
Behavioral Tendencies

The purpose of this study was to measure the capacity of human subjects to match facial expressions of emotions and behavioral categories that represented the motivational states they are supposed to illustrate. 100 university students were shown facial stimuli they had to classify using ethological behavioral categories. The results showed that accuracy of judgment was over-all lower than what was usually found when fundamental emotional categories were used. The data also indicated that the relation between emotional expressions and behavioral tendencies was more complex than expected.

scholarly journals Overactivation of the Pupillary Response to Emotional Information in Short- and Long-Term Alcohol Abstinent Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 670-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Claisse ◽  
Daniel Lewkowicz ◽  
Olivier Cottencin ◽  
Jean-Louis Nandrino
Keyword(s):  
Pupillary Response ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Short And Long Term

scholarly journals Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effects of Long-term Cryopreservation on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells using Flow Cytometry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Chunmei Yang ◽  
Gui Ja ◽  
Yansheng Liu ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Important Evidence

Abstract Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) originate from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow, which mainly includes lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, and natural killer [NK] cells) and monocytes. Cryopreserved PBMCs providing biobank resources are crucial for clinical application or scientific research. Here, we used flow cytometry to explore the influence of long-term cryopreservation on the quality of PBMCs with the aim of providing important evidence for the effective utilization of biobank resources. The PBMCs were isolated from the peripheral blood, which was collected from volunteers in the hospital. After long-term cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen, we analyzed the changes in cell numbers, viability, and multiple subtypes of PBMCs and studied the apoptosis, proliferation, activation, function, and status of T cells in comparison with freshly isolated PBMCs by flow cytometry, and then further tracked the effects of long-term cryopreservation on the same sample. Although the different cell types in the PBMCs dynamically changed compared with those in the freshly isolated samples, PBMC recovery and viability remained stable after long-term cryopreservation, and the number of most innate immune cells (e.g., monocytes and B cells) was significantly reduced compared to that of the freshly isolated PBMCs or long-term cryopreserved PBMCs; more importantly, the proportion of T cell subtypes, apoptosis, proliferation, and functional T cells, except for Tregs, were not affected by long-term cryopreservation. However, the proportions of activated T, naïve T, central memory T, effector T, and effector memory T cells dynamically changed after long-term cryopreservation. This article provides important evidence for the effective utilization of biobank resources. Long-term cryopreserved PBMCs can be partly used as biological resources for clinical research or basic studies, but the effect of cryopreservation on PBMCs should be considered when selecting cell samples, especially in research relating to activating or inhibiting function.

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