Facets of externalizing psychopathology in relation to inhibitory control and error processing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia B. McDonald ◽  
Melanie L. Bozzay ◽  
Konrad Bresin ◽  
Edelyn Verona
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Error Processing ◽  
Externalizing Psychopathology

scholarly journals Daily and Non-daily Smokers: A Profile of Drive and Cognitive Control Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Edward Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Error Processing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Meaningful Difference ◽  
Addictive Behaviour ◽  
Drive And Control ◽  
And Control

Historically, smokers were considered a single homogeneous group, but over the past two decades research has increasingly focused on differentiating daily and non-daily smokers. Despite fundamentally different smoking habits and motives, daily and non-daily smokers have similar cessation rates. In order to understand why both groups may experience a similar difficulty quitting smoking, this thesis explored neurocognitive mechanisms associated with addictive behaviour. In order to profile these mechanisms, a systematic review was conducted, highlighting there was a gap to address in two areas of research relating to drive and control. Study One (N = 60) and Study Two (N = 166) investigated attentional bias towards smoking cues using the visual probe task, finding there was no meaningful difference between daily and non-daily smokers in trait-level attentional bias. Study Three (N = 28) measured ERP components associated with inhibitory control (Go/NoGo task) and error processing (Eriksen Flanker task). There were no significant effects of interest, but the sample size was smaller than planned. This thesis made three contributions to the study of addictive behaviour. First, the systematic review highlighted that research investigating lighter and heavier smokers has a problematic level of heterogeneity in the definitions used to define the groups. Second, there was no meaningful difference in attentional bias between daily and non-daily smokers, supporting contemporary theories that attentional bias may be best conceptualised as a state-level construct. Finally, internal consistency estimates of the ERP measures of inhibitory control and error processing supported previous research reporting good psychometric properties. Overall, this thesis presented a focused profile of measures relating to drive and control neurocognitive mechanisms, but there were no meaningful differences between daily and non-daily smokers. If these mechanisms are important to addictive behaviour, future research will have to investigate their role using alternative designs.

scholarly journals Systematic review of ERP and fMRI studies investigating inhibitory control and error processing in people

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maartje Luijten ◽  
Marise Machielsen ◽  
Dick Veltman ◽  
Robert Hester ◽  
Lieuwe de Haan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Error Processing

scholarly journals Transdiagnostic mechanisms in internalizing and externalizing psychopathology: The role of effortful control in reflexive responding to emotion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Havens Sperry ◽  
Neil Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Externalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Emotion-based impulsivity is a transdiagnostic construct related to both internalizing and externalizing behaviors. The Reflexive Responding to Emotion (RRE) framework proposes one possible mechanism through which emotion-based impulsivity predicts two phenotypically different presentations – poor effortful control in the face of strong negative and positive affect can result in either approach or avoidance tendencies. In the present study, we tested this theoretical model in a large developmental community sample, the Enhanced NKI-RS sample (Adult n = 708, Adolescent n = 367), which has a wide range of psychopathology and healthy functioning. Using structural equation path modeling, we tested our primary hypothesis that heightened negative or positive affect would be associated with internalizing and externalizing behaviors indirectly through activation control (avoidance) or inhibitory control (approach) facets of effortful control. In adolescents, pathways consistent with the RRE framework for negative urgency emerged such that there was a significant indirect path from negative affect to activation control to internalizing and from negative affect to inhibitory control to externalizing. There was no evidence of positive urgency pathways in the adolescent sample. In contrast, distinct pathways emerged for negative and positive affect in the adult sample – both indirectly led to internalizing psychopathology through activation control and externalizing psychopathology through inhibitory control. Results provide empirical support for the theoretical RRE model and highlight differential cognitive mechanisms through which heightened emotion states may lead to distinct impulsive action or inaction. Implications of these results are discussed, particularly as they relate to differential intervention targets for emotion-based impulsivity in transdiagnostic populations.

scholarly journals Dynamical EEG Indices of Progressive Motor Inhibition and Error-Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Trung Van Nguyen ◽  
Prasad Balachandran ◽  
Neil G. Muggleton ◽  
Wei-Kuang Liang ◽  
Chi-Hung Juan
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Error Processing ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Error Monitoring ◽  
Motor Inhibition ◽  
Hilbert Huang Transform ◽  
Time Frequency

Response inhibition has been widely explored using the stop signal paradigm in the laboratory setting. However, the mechanism that demarcates attentional capture from the motor inhibition process is still unclear. Error monitoring is also involved in the stop signal task. Error responses that do not complete, i.e., partial errors, may require different error monitoring mechanisms relative to an overt error. Thus, in this study, we included a “continue go” (Cont_Go) condition to the stop signal task to investigate the inhibitory control process. To establish the finer difference in error processing (partial vs. full unsuccessful stop (USST)), a grip-force device was used in tandem with electroencephalographic (EEG), and the time-frequency characteristics were computed with Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT). Relative to Cont_Go, HHT results reveal (1) an increased beta and low gamma power for successful stop trials, indicating an electrophysiological index of inhibitory control, (2) an enhanced theta and alpha power for full USST trials that may mirror error processing. Additionally, the higher theta and alpha power observed in partial over full USST trials around 100 ms before the response onset, indicating the early detection of error and the corresponding correction process. Together, this study extends our understanding of the finer motor inhibition control and its dynamic electrophysiological mechanisms.

scholarly journals Executive Function as a Mechanism Linking Socioeconomic Status to Internalizing and Externalizing Psychopathology in Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. McNeilly ◽  
Matthew Peverill ◽  
Jiwon Jung ◽  
Katie A McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Externalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Internalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Increased Risk

IntroductionThe association between low socioeconomic status (SES) in childhood and increased risk for psychopathology is well established, but the mechanisms explaining this relationship are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the potential role of difficulties in executive functioning (EF) as a mechanism linking childhood and adolescent SES with externalizing and internalizing psychopathology. MethodsWe examined whether difficulties with EF mediated the association between SES and externalizing and internalizing psychopathology in two cross-sectional samples of children and adolescents (Study 1: N=94, ages 6-18, 51.1% male; Study 2: N=259, ages 8-16, 54.1% male) from diverse SES backgrounds in the United States. EF was measured through behavioral tasks and parent-reported behavioral regulation (BR). ResultsIn both samples, children and adolescents from lower SES families were more likely to experience both externalizing and internalizing psychopathology than youth from more advantaged backgrounds and exhibited greater EF difficulties – they had lower performance on a task measuring inhibitory control and lower parent-rated BR. Reduced inhibitory control and BR, in turn, were associated with higher externalizing and internalizing psychopathology. In Study 1, difficulties with BR mediated the association of low-SES with both externalizing and internalizing psychopathology. In Study 2, low inhibitory control mediated the association between low-SES and externalizing psychopathology. These findings largely persisted after adjusting for exposure to violence, a form of adversity that is common in children from low-SES backgrounds. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that reduced EF may be an underlying mechanism through which low-SES confers risk for psychopathology in children and adolescents.

Disentangling cognitive processes in externalizing psychopathology using drift diffusion modeling: Antagonism, but not Disinhibition, is associated with inhibitory control deficits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan T Hall ◽  
Alison Schreiber ◽  
Timothy Allen ◽  
Michael Hallquist
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Drift Rate ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Drift Diffusion ◽  
Externalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
Lower Accuracy

Although externalizing psychopathology has been linked to deficits in cognitive control, the cognitive processes underlying this association are unclear. In this study, we linked the two major subcomponents of externalizing, Antagonism and Disinhibition, with specific control processes using a battery of inhibitory control tasks and corresponding computational modeling. Participants (final N = 104) completed the flanker, go/no-go, and recent probes tasks, as well as normal and maladaptive personality inventories and measures of psychological distress. We fit participants’ task behavior using a hierarchical drift diffusion model (DDM) to decompose their decisions into specific cognitive processes. Using multilevel structural equation models, we found that Antagonism was associated with faster RTs on the flanker task and lower accuracy on flanker and go/no-go tasks. These results were complemented by DDM parameter associations: Antagonism was linked to decreased threshold and drift rate parameter estimates in the flanker task and a decreased drift rate on no-go trials. Altogether, our findings indicate that Antagonism is associated with specific impairments in fast (sub-second) inhibitory control processes involved in withholding prepared/prepotent responses and filtering distracting information. Disinhibition, however, was not associated with task performance.

scholarly journals Event-Related Potential Correlates of Biased Cognitive Processing and Control in Substance Abusers: A Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Khajehpour ◽  
Fahimeh Mohagheghian ◽  
Sepideh Bakht ◽  
Nasser Samadzadehaghdam ◽  
Ehsan Eqlimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Error Processing ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Addiction Studies ◽  
And Control

Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) have been used in addiction studies to evaluate cognitive performance and craving in individuals with Substance Use Dependence (SUD). This paper reviews studies that used ERPs to investigate cue reactivity, inhibitory control and error processing in SUDs. Five abused substances are included in the investigation, i.e. alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, cocaine, and methamphetamine. For each substance, the main recent findings related to the ERPs are specifically discussed, according to the latency of ERPs. The results show that individuals with SUDs allocate more attention resources to the cognitive processing of substance-related cues, indexed by increased amplitude of middle and late latency ERPs. Laboratory observations also show amplitude enlargement for early latency ERPs. SUDs reveal a deficiency in the inhibitory control and conscious error processing, indexed by attenuated N2 and Pe amplitude. The cognitive and motor inhibitory component (P3) changes show a controversial result. This study expands the findings of previous related reviews implying that substance abusers allocate more attentional resources to drug cues indexed by enlarged P3 and LPP amplitude. Regarding P3 elicited in inhibitory control tasks, there is not still convergent results, while N2 and Pe become attenuated as reported in previous reviews. The outcomes also show that the chance of relapse to substance abuse could be predicted by recording ERPs reflecting inhibitory control and error processing.  

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