Herbicidal activity of mustard seed meal ( Sinapis alba ‘IdaGold’ and Brassica juncea ‘Pacific Gold’) on weed emergence

Mustard Seed Meals (MSMs) are by-products of biodiesel and an alternative to conventional herbicides for organic farming. However, MSMs might also suppress the emergence of vegetable seedlings. The objective of this study was to determine the response of vegetable seedling emergence to different MSM types and rates applied as an alternative herbicide. Six types of vegetable seeds, onion (Allium cepa), two cultivars of lettuce (Lactuca sativa ‘Black Seeded Simpson’ and ‘Buttercrunch’), mustard (Brassica juncea), kale (Brassica oleracea), and Mizuna (Brassica rapa var. japonica), were sowed in petri dishes containing germination mix. MSMs (Sinapis alba ‘IdaGold’ and B. juncea ‘Pacific Gold’) were incorporated into the germination mix at 0, 88, 176, or 265 g·m−2. Petri dishes were sealed for 1, 3, 5, or 7 days after sowing. For onion, ‘Pacific Gold’ had a greater suppressive effect on seedling emergence than ‘IdaGold’. For kale and mustard, ‘IdaGold’ and ‘Pacific Gold’ had similar suppressive effects on seedling emergence, but ‘Pacific Gold’ delayed emergence of kale at 88 g·m−2 when sealed for 3, 5, and 7 days. For Mizuna, ‘IdaGold’ had more suppressive effects than ‘Pacific Gold’ on seedling emergence, while sealing delayed but did not decrease emergence percentage (EP) at the lower rate (88 g·m−2) compared with the control treatment. For ‘Buttercrunch’ lettuce, there were no differences in the suppressive effects between the two MSMs. For ‘Black Seeded Simpson’ lettuce, ‘Pacific Gold’ had more suppressive effects on seedling emergence than ‘IdaGold’ when sealed at the lower rate (88 g·m−2) for longer durations (7 days) or at higher rates (176 and 265 g·m−2) for shorter durations (1 and 3 days). These results suggest that MSMs might suppress vegetable seedling emergence when applied at high rates (176 and 265 g·m−2), and sealing for more than 7 days after sowing may strengthen the suppressive effect. Extending sealing duration at the medium rates could achieve similar weed control results to high rates without sealing.

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Optimization of hydrolysis conditions for release of biopesticides from glucosinolates in Brassica juncea and Sinapis alba seed meal extracts

Industrial Crops and Products ◽

10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.12.041 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 97 ◽

pp. 354-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Inna E. Popova ◽

Jeremiah S. Dubie ◽

Matthew J. Morra

Keyword(s):

Brassica Juncea ◽

Sinapis Alba ◽

Seed Meal ◽

Hydrolysis Conditions

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Onion and Weed Response to Mustard (Sinapis alba) Seed Meal

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-10-00185.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 546-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Rick A. Boydston ◽

Matt J. Morra ◽

Vladimir Borek ◽

Lydia Clayton ◽

Steven F. Vaughn

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Total Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Field Trials ◽

Sinapis Alba ◽

Organic Production ◽

Seed Meal ◽

Mustard Seed ◽

Glucosinolate Content ◽

Leaf Stage

Weed control in organic onion production is often difficult and expensive, requiring numerous cultivations and extensive hand weeding. Onion safety and weed control with mustard seed meal (MSM) derived from Sinapis alba was evaluated in greenhouse and field trials. MSM applied at 110, 220, and 440 g m−2 severely injured onions and reduced onion stand by 25% or more when applied from planting to the one-leaf stage of onions in greenhouse trials. MSM derived from mustard cultivars ‘IdaGold’ and ‘AC Pennant’ reduced plant dry weight of redroot pigweed with an effective dose that provided 90% weed control (ED90) of 14.5 and 3.2 g m−2, respectively, in greenhouse trials, whereas the ED90 of MSM from a low-glucosinolate cultivar ‘00RN29D10’ was 128 g m−2, suggesting that glucosinolate content and ionic thiocyanate (SCN−) production contribute to phytotoxicity of MSM. In field trials, weed emergence, onion injury, and onion yield were recorded following single or three sequential applications of MSM from 1.1 to 4.5 MT ha−1 beginning at the two-leaf stage of onions in 2008, 2009, and 2010. By 8 wk after treatment (WAT), onion injury following MSM sequential applications was 10% or less in all 3 yr. Combined over 2008 and 2009, 48 and 68% fewer weeds emerged 3 WAT with MSM at 2.2 and 4.5 MT ha−1, respectively. In 2010, MSM at 2.2 and 4.5 MT ha−1 reduced the number of weeds emerged 4 WAT by 91 and 76%, respectively. MSM treatment did not significantly affect onion yield or size in 2008 and 2009, but in 2010 onion total yield was reduced by 29% by three sequential applications of MSM at 2.2 MT ha−1. MSM has potential to be used as a weed-suppressive amendment in organic production systems, but the risk of crop injury is substantial.

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Mustard (Sinapis alba) Seed Meal Suppresses Weeds in Container-grown Ornamentals

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.43.3.800 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 800-803 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Rick A. Boydston ◽

Treva Anderson ◽

Steven F. Vaughn

Keyword(s):

Soil Surface ◽

Sinapis Alba ◽

Franz Schubert ◽

Weed Suppression ◽

Seed Meal ◽

Mustard Seed ◽

Marchantia Polymorpha ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Selective Suppression ◽

Annual Weeds

Mustard seed meal is a byproduct of mustard (Sinapis alba L.) grown for oil production. Developing new uses for mustard seed meal could increase the profitability of growing mustard. Seed meal of mustard, var. ‘IdaGold’, was applied to the soil surface to evaluate its effect on several common weeds in container-grown ornamentals. Mustard seed meal applied to the soil surface of containers at 113, 225, and 450 g·m−2 reduced the number of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) seedlings by 60%, 86%, and 98%, respectively, and the number of common chickweed (Stellaria media L.) seedlings by 61%, 74%, and 73%, respectively, at 8 weeks after treatment (WAT). Mustard seed meal applied to the soil surface after transplanting Rosa L. hybrid, var. ‘Red Sunblaze’, Phlox paniculata L., var. ‘Franz Schubert’, and Coreopsis auriculata L., var. ‘Nana’ did not injure or affect the flowering or growth of ornamentals. In separate experiments, mustard seed meal applied at 225 g·m−2 to the soil surface reduced the number of emerged seedlings and fresh weight of creeping woodsorrel (Oxalis corniculata) 90% and 95%, respectively, at 8 WAT. Mustard seed meal applied at 450 g·m−2 completely prevented woodsorrel emergence at 8 WAT. Mustard seed meal applied postemergence to established liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha L.) at 113, 225, and 450 g·m−2 did not injure container-grown Pulsatilla vulgaris Mill., var. ‘Heiler Hybrids Mixed’ up to 6 WAT and controlled liverwort from 83% to 97% at 6 WAT. Weed suppression with mustard seed meal generally increased as rate increased from 113 to 450 g·m−2. Mustard seed meal may be useful for selective suppression of annual weeds when applied to the soil surface of container-grown transplanted ornamentals.

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Mustard Seed Meal for Management of Root-knot Nematode and Weeds in Tomato Production

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.25.2.192 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 192-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Susan L.F. Meyer ◽

Inga A. Zasada ◽

Shannon M. Rupprecht ◽

Mark J. VanGessel ◽

Cerruti R.R. Hooks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Indian Mustard ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Sinapis Alba ◽

Seed Meal ◽

Mustard Seed ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Tomato Root ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Yellow Mustard ◽

Southern Root Knot Nematode

Mustard seed meals of indian mustard [InM (Brassica juncea)] and yellow mustard [YeM (Sinapis alba)], alone and combined, were tested for effects on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants and for suppression of southern root-knot nematode [RKN (Meloidogyne incognita)] and weed populations. In the greenhouse, with all seed meal treatments applied at 0.25% total w/w soil, low tomato plant stands (up to 60% dying/dead) resulted from amendment with 3 YeM:1 InM, 1 YeM:1 InM, and YeM, applied right before transplant. Compared with untreated controls, low numbers of RKN eggs per gram root were consistently recorded from amendment with 3 YeM:1 InM. In a 2012 field study, incorporation of 1 YeM:1 InM (1700 lb/acre) resulted in lower tomato root biomass than fertilizer application (504 lb/acre), YeM or InM (each 1700 lb/acre). All treatments were applied with added fertilizer to achieve 100–102 lb/acre nitrogen, 7.4 lb/acre phosphorus, 74.7 lb/acre potassium, 6.0 lb/acre sulfur, and 1.0 lb/acre boron. The lowest numbers of RKN eggs per gram root (harvest 2012) were collected from plots amended with InM (1700 lb/acre), YeM (850 lb/acre), and 3 YeM:1 InM (1700 lb/acre), but the numbers were not significantly different from fertilizer only (504 lb/acre) controls. Highest and lowest tomato yields (numbers of fruit) in 2012 were recorded from YeM (850 lb/acre) and 3 YeM:1 InM (1700 lb/acre) amendments, respectively. In 2013, there were no significant differences among treatments in eggs per gram root or in tomato yields. No mustard seed meal treatment affected weed populations. At the tested rates, YeM seed meal showed potential for use in tomato beds but results were inconsistent between years.

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Mustard seed (Sinapis Alba Linn) attenuates imiquimod-induced psoriasiform inflammation of BALB/c mice

The Journal of Dermatology ◽

10.1111/1346-8138.12119 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 40 (7) ◽

pp. 543-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Runping Yang ◽

Qiang Zhou ◽

Chunmiao Wen ◽

Jian Hu ◽

Hengjin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sinapis Alba ◽

Mustard Seed

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Evaluation of Oriental Mustard (Brassica juncea) Seed Meal for Weed Suppression in Turf

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-09-00058.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 440-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Daniel T. Earlywine ◽

Reid J. Smeda ◽

Travis C. Teuton ◽

Carl E. Sams ◽

Xi Xiong

Keyword(s):

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

White Clover ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Methyl Bromide ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Seed Meal ◽

Mustard Seed ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Oriental Mustard ◽

Large Crabgrass

Oriental mustard seed meal (MSM), a byproduct generated by pressing the seed for oil, exhibits herbicidal properties. In turfgrass, soil fumigants such as methyl bromide are used to control weeds prior to renovation of turf. Environmental concerns have resulted in deregistration of methyl bromide, prompting the need for alternatives. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of MSM on the establishment of selected turfgrass weeds as well as inhibitory effects on establishment of desirable turfgrasses. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2006 and 2007 at the University of Missouri. MSM was amended in soil at 0, 1,350 (low), 2,350 (medium), and 3,360 kg ha−1(high) concentrations. Weed species included annual bluegrass, large crabgrass, buckhorn plantain, white clover, and common chickweed. Turfgrass species included: Rembrandt tall fescue, Evening Shade perennial rye, and Riviera bermudagrass. All species were seeded into soil amended with MSM and either tarped or left untarped. All treatments were compared to dazomet (392 kg ha−1), a synthetic standard. Plant counts and biomass of all species were recorded 4 wk after seeding. Overall, tarped treatments suppressed weed emergence 27 to 50% more compared to untarped treatments, except for large crabgrass. High rates of MSM suppressed emergence of all weeds ≥ 63%. Compared to the untreated control, the density of buckhorn plantain, white clover, and common chickweed was reduced by ≥ 42% at low rates of MSM. Biomass of buckhorn plantain, annual bluegrass, common chickweed, white clover, and large crabgrass was reduced from 37 to 99% at high rates of MSM. MSM at high rates reduced stand counts of tall fescue and perennial ryegrass up to 81% and 77% respectively, compared to the untreated control. Regardless of MSM rates or tarping, suppression of common bermudagrass emergence did not exceed 30%; tarped treatments actually increased bermudagrass emergence by 22%. The biomass for tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, and bermudagrass was reduced by 85, 68, and 10%, respectively, at high rates of MSM. For tall fescue, MSM at all rates strongly suppressed seed germination by 7 d after planting (DAP) (up to 100%), with additional germination observed through 14 DAP, but not thereafter. In both trials, dazomet completely suppressed emergence of all weeds. MSM appears to suppress emergence and growth of a number of weeds common in turf, with potential selectivity for bermudagrass.

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