Sustainable production process of mechanically prepared nanocellulose from hardwood and softwood: A comparative investigation of refining energy consumption at laboratory and pilot scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 113868
Author(s):  
Wriju Kargupta ◽  
Reanna Seifert ◽  
Mark Martinez ◽  
James Olson ◽  
Joanne Tanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Sustainable Production

scholarly journals Analysis of Energy Consumption of Indonesian Flat Glass Industry PT. X Based on Green Industry Standards

2018 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Reviana Revitasari ◽  
Bambang Heru Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Glass Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Flat Glass ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Sustainable Production ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

The natural resource consumption is higher along with the increasing needs of people in various sectors, which affect the environment directly or indirectly. Especially for energy consumption, the supply and availability of fossil energy, as a non-renewable energy, are increasingly depleted and not guaranteed in the long run, coupled with the issue of emissions generated. The industrial sector as a driver of the national economy, including the flat glass industry as a case study, is an energy intensive sector. Almost 83% of its energy consumption used for operating the furnaces as the main production unit with temperature up to 1700 °C continuously about 15 years. The increasing of effectiveness and efficiency of energy consumption in the glass manufacturing process will affect significantly to sustainable production in PT. X and gives many other valuable impacts to the economic growth, environment, and society. So, this study analyzes about the energy consumption in PT. X based on Green Industry Standards, believed as a proper strategy, the benchmark of some standards or related regulations for energy consumption in several countries, and the opportunity of the green industry concept implementation in the glass manufacturing process. The methods were studied of literature, plant observation, interview, and data calculation manually and using spreadsheets. The results indicate that the Flat Glass Industry PT. X requires the improvement to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of energy consumption to get the sustainable production.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption, Trade and GDP: A Case Study of South Asian Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (4II) ◽  
pp. 461-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shakeel ◽  
M. Mazhar Iqbal ◽  
M.. Tariq Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Production Process ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Multiplier Effect ◽  
Reasonable Cost

Acute shortage of energy sources in developing countries in general and South Asian countries in particular has shown that energy has become a binding input for any production process. Nowadays operation of heavy machinery and electrical equipment, and transportation of raw material and final products from their place of origination to their destination require heavy consumption of energy in one form or the other. Therefore, energy consumption that was previously ignored in the production function of a firm and an economy is now considered a vital input in production process. It affects GDP directly as by increasing energy consumption; more output can be produced with given stock of capital and labor force in a country. Also uninterrupted availability of energy at reasonable cost improves competiveness of home products in international markets and thus increases exports of home country a great deal. Resulting increase in net exports further adds to the GDP through multiplier effect

scholarly journals Sustainable Production Process of Biological Mineral Feed Additives

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Zielinska ◽  
Katarzyna Chojnacka ◽  
Marjana Simonic
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Sustainable Production ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Mineral Feed Additives

scholarly journals Review: Reduction of energy consumption in TMP refining through mechanical pre-treatment of wood chips

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitri Gorski ◽  
Jan Hill ◽  
Per Engstrand ◽  
Lars Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Chip Size ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Pulp Properties ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption

Abstract This review covers the effect of mechanical pre-treatment of wood chips on the energy consumption in refining and the quality of pulp. To understand the mechanisms of mechanical pre-treatment, a short description of relevant refining theory and reported effects of pre-treatment on wood morphology is given. Mechanical pre-treatment offers a chance to utilize the energy needed to defibrate chips in a more efficient way, minimizing the cyclic elastic deformations which are the main defibration mechanism in refining. Studies of fibre morphology indicate that compressive pretreatment mechanically introduces favorable weak points in the S1 and S2 fibre walls where defibration proceeds easier upon subsequent refining. Published results which cover the effect of the pretreatment on energy consumption and pulp properties are reviewed. Energy reduction of between 10% and 30% is reported in the literature. High ratio of volumetric compression is necessary. Pressurized conditions are required to ensure that the fibres are not damaged during the pre-treatment. Other effects of compressive pretreatment include a more uniform chip size and moisture content, better penetration of chemicals and removal of extractives from the chips. A list of equipment used for chip pre-compression is provided together with published results of pilot-scale and mill-scale operation.

“Remaining” as the Natural Expression of the Ontological Monism in Proclus and Pseudodionysius the Areopagite

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 2-19
Author(s):  
Christos Ath. Terezis ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
The State ◽  
Middle Phase ◽  
Dionysius The Areopagite ◽  
The One ◽  
Natural Expression ◽  
Pseudo Dionysius

This study is a comparative investigation of Proclus’ and Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite’s positions about “remaining” as demonstrative of the ontological monism. Focusing the attention, first of all, to the Neoplatonist philosopher, who represents polytheism, it comes that “remaining” indicates the state of standstill and unchangeability of those beings which are able to function as productive principles. Thus, a transcendental and a productive plane are identified, a parameter which combines the apophatic with the affirmative approaches. The theory about “unparticipated-participated-participating” brings to the light a middle phase between “remaining” and “procession”, in order the relation “one-multitude” to develop. In Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, “remaining” appears in two planes: a) the transcendent One, which does not take part in the production process, b) the One which includes all the beings in the form of archetypical reasons. Note that this is not an eternal co-existence or an ontological identification of the beings with the One’s substance or a transition from the first One to the second, as Proclus suggests. Pseudo-Dionysius just describes the providential function of the One, which is manifested owing to its goodness. In conclusion, the main difference between the two thinkers is how they conceive the notion of “metaphysical multitude”: in Proclus, it indicates a hierarchy of beings, while, in Pseudo-Dionysius, it expresses the inner richness of the unity. In both the worldviews though, the ontological prospect which is formed is actually an optimistic one.

Energy Reduction and Optimisation in Membrane Bioreactor Systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guihe Tao ◽  
Kiran Kekre ◽  
Maung Htun Oo ◽  
Bala Viswanath ◽  
Aliman MD Yusof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Energy Reduction ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Membrane Flux ◽  
Demonstration Plant ◽  
Set Up

One of the major components of MBR operating expenditure is energy consumption. This paper presents our six-year journey of energy reduction and optimization in MBR systems through various pilot and demonstration studies. Through comprehensive and systematic MBR optimisation studies, the specific energy consumption was reduced from 1.3 kWh m−3 to less than 0.8 kWh m−3 by increasing membrane flux and reducing aeration at 300 m3 per day pilot scale plants. Through energy audit, the key energy consumption components including process aeration, membrane scouring rate, SRT, MLSS level, MLSS recirculation, and energy efficient equipment selection were identified, and these were optimised one by one at 23,000 m3 per day municipal scale MBR demonstration plant after the baseline had been set up. The specific energy consumption was further reduced to 0.37 kWh m−3.

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