Energy Reduction and Optimisation in Membrane Bioreactor Systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guihe Tao ◽  
Kiran Kekre ◽  
Maung Htun Oo ◽  
Bala Viswanath ◽  
Aliman MD Yusof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Energy Reduction ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Membrane Flux ◽  
Demonstration Plant ◽  
Set Up

One of the major components of MBR operating expenditure is energy consumption. This paper presents our six-year journey of energy reduction and optimization in MBR systems through various pilot and demonstration studies. Through comprehensive and systematic MBR optimisation studies, the specific energy consumption was reduced from 1.3 kWh m−3 to less than 0.8 kWh m−3 by increasing membrane flux and reducing aeration at 300 m3 per day pilot scale plants. Through energy audit, the key energy consumption components including process aeration, membrane scouring rate, SRT, MLSS level, MLSS recirculation, and energy efficient equipment selection were identified, and these were optimised one by one at 23,000 m3 per day municipal scale MBR demonstration plant after the baseline had been set up. The specific energy consumption was further reduced to 0.37 kWh m−3.

scholarly journals MECHANICAL PULPING.Effect of long fibre concentration on low consistency refining of mechanical pulp

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 702-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Anderssou ◽  
Christer Sandberg ◽  
Per Engstrand
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Mechanical Pulp ◽  
Fibre Concentration ◽  
Fibre Network ◽  
Length Reduction

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of lang fibre concentration on Ioadability and pulp properties during LC refming of mechanical pulp. Lang fibre concentration was adjusted to three different Ievels by screen fractionation of the pulp. The three pulps were refined in a single disc pilot scale LC refiner at simi1ar process conditions. Increased lang fibre concentration suppmied a larger refiner gap and resulted in less fibre . cutting at a given specific energy consumption. The higher lang fibre concentration probably contributed to a stronger fibre network that maintained a !arger refining gap at certain specific energy consumption. Increased long fibre concentration also enabled a higher tensile index increase in the LC refmer at certain fibre length reduction. The study supports a process combining LC refining with screen fractionation, where the lang fibre fraction is recycled to the refiner feed. This enables a . higher Ioadability and a more effective utilisation of the LC refiner. By using this technology, overall specific energy consumption can be reduced if a !arger share of the refining is performed in LC rather than HC refining.

Energy efficient basestation operation with traffic-specific energy consumption

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhyeock Choi ◽  
Seonmin Jung ◽  
Junhyuk Kim ◽  
June-Koo Kevin Rhee ◽  
Byung Moo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption

Alternative energy efficient membrane bioreactor using reciprocating submerged membrane

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 1998-2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ho ◽  
S. Smith ◽  
H. K. Roh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Flow Conditions

A novel membrane bioreactor (MBR) pilot system, using membrane reciprocation instead of air scouring, was operated at constant high flux and daily fluctuating flux to demonstrate its application under peak and diurnal flow conditions. Low and stable transmembrane pressure was achieved at 40 l/m2/h (LMH) by use of repetitive membrane reciprocation. The results reveal that the inertial forces acting on the membrane fibers effectively propel foulants from the membrane surface. Reciprocation of the hollow fiber membrane is beneficial for the constant removal of solids that may build up on the membrane surface and inside the membrane bundle. The membrane reciprocation in the reciprocating MBR pilot consumed less energy than coarse air scouring used in conventional MBR systems. Specific energy consumption for the membrane reciprocation was 0.072 kWh/m3 permeate produced at 40 LMH flux, which is 75% less than for a conventional air scouring system as reported in literature without consideration of energy consumption for biological aeration (0.29 kWh/m3). The daily fluctuating flux test confirmed that the membrane reciprocation is effective to handle fluctuating flux up to 50 LMH. The pilot-scale reciprocating MBR system successfully demonstrated that fouling can be controlled via 0.43 Hz membrane reciprocation with 44 mm or higher amplitude.

Optimization of process variables for briquetting of biochar from corn stover

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 6811-6825
Author(s):  
Wenqiao Jiao ◽  
Lope Galindo Tabil ◽  
Mingjin Xin ◽  
Yuqiu Song ◽  
Bowen Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Experimental Values

Instead of compressing biomass into briquettes, this study considers the compression of biochar. Densification is necessary for biochar to increase bulk density for convenience of handling, transportation, and storage. Response surface methodology was employed, and briquetting of biochar from corn stover was carried out in this study to investigate the effects of moisture content (at levels of 16, 17.6, 20, 22.4, and 24%), pressure (at levels of 21.5, 25, 30, 35, and 38.5 MPa), and residence time (at levels of 4, 6.4, 10, 13.6, and 16 s), on crushing resistance, dimensional stability of briquettes, and specific energy consumption of briquetting. The results showed that the effects of the variables on each evaluation index were significant (P < 0.01), the influence order was obtained, and the regression models are set up. The optimum condition for the briquetting process was moisture content of 18.5%, pressure of 38.5 MPa, and residence time of 4 s, giving mean values of the briquette crushing resistance of 49.9 N, dimensional stability of 93.8%, and specific energy consumption of briquetting of 4.41 MJ/t, respectively. The errors between the predicted values and the experimental values are all less than 5%.

Emerging investigator series: membrane distillation and high salinity: analysis and implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1538-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukta Hardikar ◽  
Itzel Marquez ◽  
Andrea Achilli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Membrane Distillation

In energy efficient membrane distillation, the low transmembrane temperature difference exacerbates salinity's effect on water flux and specific energy consumption.

Pressurised compressive chip pre-treatment of Norway spruce with a mill scale Impressafiner

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Nelsson ◽  
Christer Sandberg ◽  
Lars Hildén ◽  
Geoffrey Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulp ◽  
Extractive Content ◽  
Mill Scale ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Longitudinal Fibre

Abstract Mill scale trials were performed to evaluate pressurised compressive chip pre-treatment with the Impressafiner installed in one of the thermomechanical pulp lines at Braviken paper mill (Holmen Paper AB). The aim of the study was to determine if earlier reported effects of the Impressafiner pre-treatment on spruce chips from pilot scale trials (i.e. energy reduction and extractives removal) could also be attained with the mill scale Impressafiner. The mill scale Impressafiner pre-treatment resulted in partial disintegration of chips into a material consisting of fragmented chips with cracks running along the longitudinal fibre axis. Splits or evidence for weaknesses were observed between the primary and secondary fibre walls of pre-treated chips. An increase in water uptake for pre-treated chips was also observed. The extractive content was reduced by up to 24% for pulps produced with pre-treated chips compared to pulps from untreated chips. Pulp produced from pre-treated chips had higher tensile- and tear indices, elongation and light scattering and lower freeness compared to pulps from untreated chips produced with the same total specific energy consumption. The total specific energy needed to reach a tensile index of 47 Nm/g was reduced by 120 kWh/bone dry ton (6%) with Impressafiner pre-treatment. A smaller refiner plate gap was needed to reach the same specific energy consumption for pre-treated chips compared to untreated chips.

scholarly journals Specific energy consumption of vacuum filtration: Experimental evaluation using a pilot-scale horizontal belt filter

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manu Huttunen ◽  
Lauri Nygren ◽  
Teemu Kinnarinen ◽  
Bjarne Ekberg ◽  
Tuomo Lindh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Vacuum Filtration

Stable operation of MBR under high permeate flux

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Y. Liu ◽  
B. Freeman ◽  
S. Sunano ◽  
N. Munehiro ◽  
C. Bartels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Operating Condition

Permeate flux plays a critical role on the stable operation of membrane bioreactor (MBR) system for municipal wastewater treatment. The current commercially available submerged MBR systems, Zenon, Kobota, and Huber, etc. maintained their permeate fluxes at about 20–30 LMH to minimize the fouling potential of the membranes. A pilot scale MBR plant using HYDRASub®/Sterapore SADF® PVDF membrane module was stably operated at flux as high as 35 LMH for about 1 year by optimizing the operating condition of MBR system. The applied high permeate flux also resulted in low specific energy consumption per unit product water. This paper introduced the performance of membrane operated at high flux and discussed the factors affecting the stable operation of MBR. By applying the operating condition to an actual MBR plant, the specific energy consumption could reach a very low level, about 0.46 kWh/m3.

Energy-Efficient Vibratory Feeder of Bulk Construction Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 670-671 ◽  
pp. 458-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Ishkov ◽  
Alexander V. Stepanov ◽  
Svjatoslav V. Miloradov ◽  
Irina V. Voronina
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Elastic Membrane ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Vibrating Feeders ◽  
Vibrating Feeder

Any processing of bulk materials requires their moving and uniform feed (dosage). On this depends the quality and efficiency of many technological processes. For uniform and controlled supply of bulk, materials for transporting or processing machines use feeders. Among feeders in recent years, an increasing distribution received disk vibrating feeders, which are characterized by small size, without moving parts, prostate, reliability, accuracy and smooth control supply. Disk vibrating feeder has a horizontal spreading disk, which is located coaxially and with a gap below the outlet of the hopper. Spreading disk is connected with vibratory drive. This research was aimed at finding technical solutions ensuring the reduction of specific energy consumption of disk vibrating feeder. The study showed, that if the spreading disc perform with a central hole, which is closed by an elastic membrane, then this can significantly reduce the specific energy consumption per unit of production.

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