A detailed reconstruction of changes in the factors and parameters of soil erosion over the past 250 years in the forest zone of European Russia (Moscow region)

Impact of dust and sand storms on the aviation operation and assessment of conditions for their occurrence at aerodromes in European Russia

Hydrometeorological research and forecasting ◽

10.37162/2618-9631-2020-4-78-95 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 78-95

Author(s):

A.R. Ivanova ◽

◽

E.N. Skriptunova ◽

N.I. Komasko ◽

A.A. Zavialova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variations ◽

Dust Storms ◽

European Russia ◽

Air Transport ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Dust Transport ◽

Air Masses ◽

The Past ◽

Sand Storm ◽

The Impact

A review of literature on the impact of dust and sand storms on the air transport operation is presented. Observational data on dust storms at the aerodromes of European Russia for the period of 2001-2019 are analyzed. The seasonal variations in dust transport episodes at aerodromes and its relationship with visibility changes are discussed. The characteristics of dusty air masses and advection are given. It is concluded that the frequency of dust transfer episodes for the aerodromes under study has decreased over the past five years, except for Gumrak aerodrome (Volgograd). Keywords: dust storm, sand storm, aviation, visibility, seasonal variations, aerodrome оf European Russia

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THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF SOIL EROSION: MECHANISM, PATTERNS OF EXPRESSION AND PREDICTION

10.29003/m2428.978-5-317-06630-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Valeriy Demidov ◽

Oleg Makarov

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Soil Cover ◽

Physical Basis ◽

Soil Science ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Soil Protection ◽

Erosion Mechanism ◽

The Past ◽

Erosion Processes ◽

Wide Range

The monograph summarizes the information over the past 20 years on the currently widely used. The textbook is intended for students of higher educational institutions, studying in the specialty of soil science, as well as specializing in erosion and soil protection. The textbook describes the physical basis and mechanism of erosion processes, based on some sections of hydraulics, hydrology, hydro-and aeromechanics, knowledge of which is necessary to understand the mechanism of water, wind and irrigation soil erosion. The main mathematical models and principles of forecasting the values of soil losses as a result of erosion processes are considered. The textbook will be useful not only for students and postgraduates studying in the specialty of soil science, but also for geographers, ecologists and a wide range of specialists interested in the problems of soil cover conservation and environmental protection.

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Spatial-temporal Analysis of Soil Erosion in Grassland over the Past Three Decades in Sanjiangyuan Region, Qinghai Province, China

Geo-information Science ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1047.2011.00012 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 12-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lin HUANG ◽

Quanqin SHAO ◽

Jiyuan LIU

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Temporal Analysis ◽

Qinghai Province ◽

The Past ◽

Spatial Temporal Analysis

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Short-term variability in the sedimentary BIT index of Lake Challa, East Africa over the past 2200 years: validating the precipitation proxy

Climate of the Past Discussions ◽

10.5194/cpd-11-1177-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 1177-1218 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L. K. Buckles ◽

J. W. H. Weijers ◽

D. Verschuren ◽

C. Cocquyt ◽

J. S. Sinninghe Damsté

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Water Column ◽

Surface Sediments ◽

Austral Summer ◽

Primary Source ◽

Monsoon Precipitation ◽

The Past ◽

Rain Season ◽

Index Variation ◽

Large Diatom

Abstract. The branched vs. isoprenoid index of tetraethers (BIT index) in Lake Challa sediments has been applied as a monsoon precipitation proxy on the assumption that the primary source of branched tetraether lipids (brGDGTs) was soil washed in from the lake's catchment. However, water column production has since been identified as the primary source of brGDGTs in Lake Challa, meaning that there is no longer a clear mechanism linking BIT index variation and precipitation. Here we investigate BIT index variation and GDGT concentrations at a decadal resolution over the past 2200 years, in combination with GDGT data from profundal surface sediments and 45 months of sediment-trap deployment. The 2200 year record reveals high-frequency variability in GDGT concentrations, and therefore the BIT index. Also surface sediments collected in January 2010 show a distinct shift in GDGT composition relative to those collected in August 2007. Increased bulk flux of settling particles with high Ti / Al ratios during March–April 2008 reflect an event of high detrital input to Lake Challa, concurrent with intense precipitation at the onset of the principal rain season that year. Although brGDGT distributions in the settling material are initially unaffected, this soil erosion event is succeeded by a large diatom bloom in July–August 2008 and a concurrent increase in GDGT-0 fluxes. Near-zero crenarchaeol fluxes indicate that no thaumarchaeotal bloom developed during the subsequent austral summer season; instead a peak in brGDGT fluxes is observed in December 2008. We suggest that increased nutrient availability, derived from eroded soil washed into the lake, stimulated both diatom productivity and the GDGT-0 producing archaea which help decompose dead diatoms passing through the suboxic zone of the water column. This disadvantaged the Thaumarchaeota that normally prosper during the following austral summer. Instead, a bloom of supposedly heterotrophic brGDGT-producing bacteria occurred. Episodic recurrence of such high soil-erosion events, integrated over multi-decadal and longer timescales and possibly enhanced by other mechanisms generating low BIT index values in dry years, can explain the positive relationship between the sedimentary BIT index and monsoon precipitation at Lake Challa. However, application elsewhere requires ascertaining the local situation of lacustrine brGDGT production and of variables affecting the productivity of Thaumarchaeota.

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Basin-Scale Approach to Integration of Agro- and Hydroecological Monitoring for Sustainable Environmental Management: A Case Study of Belgorod Oblast, European Russia

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su14020927 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 927

Author(s):

Zhanna Buryak ◽

Fedor Lisetskii ◽

Artyom Gusarov ◽

Anastasiya Narozhnyaya ◽

Mikhail Kitov

Keyword(s):

Environmental Management ◽

Soil Erosion ◽

River Basin ◽

River Basins ◽

European Russia ◽

Water Runoff ◽

Belgorod Oblast ◽

Water Quality Control ◽

Basin Scale ◽

Seventh Order

The quantitative and qualitative depletion of water resources (both surface and groundwater) is closely related to the need to protect soils against degradation, rationalization of land use, and regulation of surface water runoff within the watershed area. Belgorod Oblast (27,100 km2), one of the administrative regions of European Russia, was chosen as the study area. It is characterized by a high activity of soil erosion (the share of eroded soils is about 48% of the total area of arable land). The development phase of the River Basin Environmental Management Projects (217 river basins from the fourth to seventh order) allowed for the proceeding of the development of an integrated monitoring system for river systems and river basin systems. The methods used to establish a geoecological network for regional monitoring include the selection and application of GIS techniques to quantify the main indicators of ecological state and predisposition of river basins to soil erosion (the share of cropland and forestland, the share of the south-oriented slopes, soil erodibility, Slope Length and Steepness (LS) factor, erosion index of precipitation, and the river network density) and the method of a hierarchical classification of cluster analysis for the grouping of river basins. An approach considering the typology of river basins is also used to expand the regional network of hydrological gauging stations to rationalize the national hydrological monitoring network. By establishing 16 additional gauging stations on rivers from the fourth to seventh order, this approach allows for an increase in the area of hydro-agroecological monitoring by 1.26 times (i.e., up to 77.5% of the total area of Belgorod Oblast). Some integrated indicators of agroecological (on the watershed surface) and hydroecological (in river water flow) monitoring are proposed to improve basin environmental management projects. Six-year monitoring showed the effectiveness of water quality control measures on an example of a decrease in the concentrations of five major pollutants in river waters.

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Methods of historicization of estate landscapes of Moscow

Культура и искусство ◽

10.7256/2454-0625.2020.11.32067 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 53-74

Author(s):

Elena Nikolaevna Chernyavskaya

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Moscow Region ◽

Primary Sources ◽

Public Parks ◽

The Past ◽

Soviet Time ◽

New Construction ◽

The Subject ◽

Modern Vision ◽

The Government

The object of this research is the methods used in design practices of post-Soviet time to give historical appearance to landscapes of former estates of Moscow region, which faded away, i.e. the methods of historicization. The landscapes under review are being protected by the government as the objects of Moscow cultural heritage, and designated as museums (reserve museums) and public parks. The subject of this research is disclosure of the essence of these methods and their assessment from the perspective of alignment with historical primary sources, implementation, proliferation, and attractiveness. The author conducts systematization of methods in accordance to the degree of conformance to the historical realities, and divides them into the following groups: 1) that provide accurate reproduction of historical forms, 2) that create similarities, 3) that create new forms. Each group is divided into subgroups. By frequency of application, the leading place belongs to the methods of first group, which are aimed at reproduction of the shapes of buildings and structures. The rest two methods focus on reviving the memory of the past. The application is attributed to new construction, which can be assessed as landscape evolution and a modern artistic phenomenon. The methods of second group lead to landscape development in spirit of historicism, while the methods of third group – to the development of territory based on modern vision of the past. The conducted analysis is valued for the general outlook upon the process of preservation of one of the most complex types of cultural heritage of Moscow.

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Palaeoecological data as a tool to predict possible future vegetation changes in the boreal forest zone of European Russia: a case study from the Central Forest Biosphere Reserve

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/107/1/012104 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 107 ◽

pp. 012104 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E Yu Novenko ◽

A N Tsyganov ◽

A V Olchev

Keyword(s):

Boreal Forest ◽

Biosphere Reserve ◽

European Russia ◽

Vegetation Changes ◽

Forest Zone

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Dynamics of agricultural soil erosion in European Russia

Eurasian Soil Science ◽

10.1134/s1064229317110084 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (11) ◽

pp. 1344-1353 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

L. F. Litvin ◽

Z. P. Kiryukhina ◽

S. F. Krasnov ◽

N. G. Dobrovol’skaya

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Agricultural Soil ◽

European Russia

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Using 137Cs to investigate net soil erosion at two soil benchmark sites in Quebec

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss93-052 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 515-526 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Y. Z. Cao ◽

D. R. Coote ◽

C. Wang ◽

M. C. Nolin

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Key Words ◽

Soil Conservation ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Grid Pattern ◽

Erosion Rates ◽

The Past ◽

Soil Erosion Rates ◽

Small Grains

137Cs in the soil was used to estimate soil erosion at two National Soil Conservation Program benchmark sites in the province of Quebec (sites 15-QU and 16-QU). The 137Cs baseline in an uneroded forest area was approximately 3100 Bq m−2. The 137Cs content at site 15-QU ranged from 1072 Bq m−2 to 6389 Bq m−2, while at site 16-QU it ranged from 663 Bq m−2 to 5444 Bq m−2. Computed net erosion over the past 30 yr at site 15-QU varied from a loss of 9.65 kg m−2 yr−1 to a gain of 10.88 kg m−2 yr−1 and at site 16-QU from a loss of 6.38 kg m−2 yr−1 to a gain of 1.73 kg m−2 yr−1. The average net erosion rates were 2.43 kg m−2 yr−1 at site 15-QU and 1.29 kg m−2 yr−1 at site 16-QU. Soil samples collected on a grid pattern indicated that 90% and 83% of the area at sites 15-QU and 16-QU, respectively, was subjected to net soil loss. A comparison of total 137Cs movement from eroded areas to depositional areas showed that 24.2% of 137Cs was lost from site 15-QU, while about 17.6% of 137Cs was lost from site 16-QU. Mapping of 137Cs content and calculated soil loss and deposition showed that soil erosion was closely related to topography.Under similar slope conditions, the soil erosion rates were 27–68% higher at site 15-QU than at site 16-QU. Higher tillage frequency and use of silage corn were the suggested reasons for the higher soil erosion rates at site 15-QU compared with site 16-QU, which had been used for hay and small grains. Key words: 137Cs, erosion, deposition, soil conservation

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Forestland change and soil erosion in karst watershed under the Grain to Green Project

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-4456 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Siwen Feng ◽

Hongya Wang ◽

Hongyan Liu ◽

Chenyi Zhu ◽

Shuai Li

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Influencing Factors ◽

Southwest China ◽

Drainage Basin ◽

Karst Area ◽

Karst Region ◽

Vegetation Growth ◽

The Past ◽

Pixel Scale ◽

River Drainage Basin

<div>With the implementation of the Grain to Green Project, the vegetation growth in karst region in southwest China has increased. In order to explore whether the growth of trees can be sustained after artificial afforestation in karst area and the influence of the forestland change on soil erosion, the WaTEM/SEDEM model was used to simulate the 11 stages of annual soil erosion in the past 33 years in Chongan river drainage basin in Guizhou, and the dominant influencing factors of soil erosion change in the past 33 years were discussed based the pixel scale in this study. The results showed that the forestland increased in a fluctuating way after the conversion project, and the decrease of forestland was mainly caused by drought, especially in the area where the dolomites were distributed. Therefore, the change of forestland caused no significant improvement in soil erosion since the Grain to Green Project.</div><p></p>

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