Impact of dust and sand storms on the aviation operation and assessment of conditions for their occurrence at aerodromes in European Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 78-95
Author(s):  
A.R. Ivanova ◽  
◽  
E.N. Skriptunova ◽  
N.I. Komasko ◽  
A.A. Zavialova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sand Storm ◽  
The Impact

A review of literature on the impact of dust and sand storms on the air transport operation is presented. Observational data on dust storms at the aerodromes of European Russia for the period of 2001-2019 are analyzed. The seasonal variations in dust transport episodes at aerodromes and its relationship with visibility changes are discussed. The characteristics of dusty air masses and advection are given. It is concluded that the frequency of dust transfer episodes for the aerodromes under study has decreased over the past five years, except for Gumrak aerodrome (Volgograd). Keywords: dust storm, sand storm, aviation, visibility, seasonal variations, aerodrome оf European Russia

Dust storm episodes at the aerodromes in the Asian part of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 20-42
Author(s):  
A.R. Ivanova ◽  
◽  
E.N. Skriptunova ◽  
N.I. Komasko ◽  
A.A. Zavialova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Classical Definition ◽  
Dust Events ◽  
Definition Of

Dust storm episodes at the aerodromes in the Asian part of Russia / Ivanova A.R., Skriptunova E.N., Komasko N.I., Zavialova A.A.// Hydrometeorological Research and Forecasting, 2021, no. 2 (380), pp. 20-42. According to 2001-2020 METAR data, episodes of dust storms at 26 international aerodromes in the Asian Russia causing poor visibility are studied. The conditions for issuing reports on dust storms, their correspondence to the definition of a dust storm are discussed. It was found that out of 337 reports describing dust transport by strong wind, only 7 episodes registered at the aerodromes of Irkutsk, Abakan, Omsk, and Blagoveshchensk corresponded to the classical definition. The others detected at 15 of 26 aerodromes may be defined as “dust events” – the episodes of dust transfer causing the nonessential visibility reduction. The seasonal variation in such episodes and its connection with changes in visibility are studied. The characteristics of dusty air masses and the direction of their advection are given. Keywords: dust storm, dust events, aerodromes of Asian Russia, seasonal variation, trajectory analysis

scholarly journals Convective distribution of dust over the Arabian Peninsula: the impact of model resolution

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie Bukowski ◽  
Susan C. van den Heever
Keyword(s):  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Grid Spacing ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cumulus Parameterizations

Abstract. Along the coasts of the Arabian Peninsula, convective dust storms are a considerable source of mineral dust to the atmosphere. Reliable predictions of convective dust events are necessary to determine their effects on air quality, visibility, and the radiation budget. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) is used to simulate a 2016 summertime dust event over the Arabian Peninsula and examine the variability in dust fields and associated vertical transport due to the choice of convective parameterization and explicit versus parameterized convection. Simulations are run at 45 km and 15 km grid spacing with multiple cumulus parameterizations, and are compared to a 3 km simulation that permits explicit convective processes. Five separate cumulus parameterizations at 15 km grid spacing were tested to quantify the spread across different parameterizations. Finally, the impact these variations have on radiation, specifically aerosol heating rates is also investigated. On average, in these simulations the explicit case produces higher quantities of dust than the parameterized cases in terms of dust uplift potential, vertical dust concentrations, and vertical dust fluxes. Major drivers of this discrepancy between the simulations stem from the explicit case exhibiting higher surface windspeeds during convective activity, lower dust emission wind threshold velocities due to drier soil, and more frequent, stronger vertical velocities which transport dust aloft and increase the atmospheric lifetime of these particles. For aerosol heating rates in the lowest levels, the shortwave effect prevails in the explicit case with a net cooling effect, whereas a longwave net warming effect is present in the parameterized cases. The spread in dust concentrations across cumulus parameterizations at the same grid resolution (15 km) is an order of magnitude lower than the impact of moving from parameterized to explicit convection. We conclude that tuning dust emissions in coarse resolution simulations can only improve the results to first-order and cannot fully rectify the discrepancies originating from disparities in the representation of convective dust transport.

scholarly journals Inter-industrial Relations and Sectoral Employment Development in German Regions

2013 ◽  
Vol 233 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Kowalewski
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
German Regions ◽  
Single Industry ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Summary This paper analyses the impact of cluster structures on employment development in Germany according to the hypothesis of Porter (1998). It develops a new way of measuring the co-location of suppliers and buyers of intermediate goods in a region based on an input-output approach. The resulting indicator is implemented in a shift-share regression in order to analyse the importance of input-output linkages for the employment development in individual industries. One advantage of this approach is that the results can be compared to earlier studies on localization advantages according to Marshall (1890). The results show that the availability of suppliers and customers in the same region was a major engine for job creation in specific industries in the past. In the period 1998 to 2007 this was particularly observed for service sectors, such as Air Transport or Health and Social Work but also for some manufacturing industries as well as for Agriculture and Construction. It becomes apparent from the comparison with earlier findings that agglomeration advantages are not realizable within a single industry. Positive effects rather result from the right composition of different industries that have the possibility to establish common production chains. However, for a lot of industries the intensity of inter-industrial interdependence did not play a significant role for their employment development.

Airlines are set to face uncertainty after UK Brexit

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Disruptive Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Low Cost Carrier ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Subject The impact of Brexit on airlines. Significance Irish-based low-cost carrier (LCC) Ryanair has repeatedly warned over the past months that Brexit could halt the majority of flights out of the United Kingdom. These comments echo wider concerns about the disruptive effect of Brexit and the United Kingdom's ability to negotiate new air transport agreements. Impacts Larger European airlines such as Air France-KLM and Lufthansa would welcome restrictions on UK-based LCC operations. UK airport expansion may be frustrated; in particular, expansion plans at London Heathrow could come under threat. The UK air transport market faces a period of slower growth with lower revenues and profitability.

Changing Landscape of Recruitment Industry: A Study on the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Eliminating Hiring Bias from Recruitment and Selection Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 4404-4407
Author(s):  
P. V. Raveendra ◽  
Y. M. Satish ◽  
Padmalini Singh
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Unconscious Bias ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recruitment And Selection ◽  
The Impact

An emerging trend of implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies can be seen in such domains that were solely dominated by humans. Today, AI is utilized extensively in HR department to assist and accelerate recruitment and selection process (Martin, F.R., 2019. Employers Are Now Using Artificial Intelligence To Stop Bias In Hiring. Retrieved September 22, 2019, from analyticsindiamag. com: https://analyticsindiamag.com/employersare-using-ai-stop-bias-hiring/.). This paper attempts to present the impact of AI on recruitment and selection process, incorporation of AI in eliminating unconscious biases during hiring. The study addresses the rising questions such as how AI has changed the landscape of recruitment industry, role of AI in recruitment and selection process, whether AI can help in eliminating the unconscious bias during recruitment and selection process. In order to uncover the understanding and figure out the potential solutions that AI brings to the HR process, an extensive review of literature has been carried out. It is concluded by analyzing the past contributions that AI offers potential solution to recruitment managers in optimizing the recruitment and selection process and is able to negate human biases prevalent during hiring. The future waits for augmented intelligence technologies offering better results taking over repetitive administrative jobs completely.

scholarly journals Dust Devils: Structural Features, Dynamics and Climate Impact

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Onishchenko ◽  
Viktor Fedun ◽  
Wendell Horton ◽  
Oleg Pokhotelov ◽  
Gary Verth
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Dust Devils ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Climate Forecasting ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
External Flows ◽  
The Impact

According to modern concepts, the main natural sources of dust in the atmosphere are dust storms and associated dust devils—rotating columns of rising dust. The impact of dust and aerosols on climate change in the past, present and future is one of the poorly understood and, at the same time, one of the fundamental elements needed for weather and climate forecasting. The purpose of this review is to describe and summarise the results of the study of dust devils in the Earth’s atmosphere. Special attention is given to the description of the 3D structures, the external flows and atmospheric gradients of temperature that lead to the generation and maintenance of the dust devils.

scholarly journals The ethics and management of cannabis use in pregnancy following decriminalisation and licensing for medical use: narrative review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Abdulazeez Towobola ◽  
Basirat Towobola ◽  
Bosky Nair ◽  
Arti Makwana
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Trends ◽  
Drug Policies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Pregnancy

Aims and method As drug policies pertaining to cannabis use become more liberalised, the prevalence of cannabis use in pregnancy could increase. However, there is limited guidance available for clinicians. This paper presents a narrative review of literature published in the past 16 years (2006–2021) to (a) address the impact of legalisation and decriminalisation on the risks, ethics and support of women who use cannabis during pregnancy and (b) develop guidance for clinicians. Results Both national and international trends suggest increased use of cannabis over the past decade, while the risks of cannabis use for recreational or medicinal purposes in pregnancy remain unmitigated. Clinical implications This review confirmed that the recommendation of cannabinoid-based products for pregnant and breast-feeding women is currently premature. More research is needed to address safety concerns. We discussed navigating ethical concerns and suggest targeted management strategies for clinicians treating pregnant women who choose to use cannabis.

The signal of climate changes over the last two millennia in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, eastern Canada

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Xiner Wu ◽  
Anne de Vernal ◽  
Bianca Fréchette ◽  
Matthias Moros ◽  
Kerstin Perner
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wind Regimes ◽  
Natural Climate ◽  
The Last Two Millennia ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Climate changes over the past two millennia in the central part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence are documented in this paper with the aim of determining and understanding the natural climate variability and the impact of anthropogenic forcing at a regional scale. The palynological content (dinocysts, pollen, and spores) of the composite marine sediment core MSM46-03 collected in the Laurentian Channel was used to reconstruct oceanographic and climatic changes with a multidecadal temporal resolution. Sea-surface conditions, including summer salinity and temperature, sea-ice cover, and primary productivity, were reconstructed from dinocyst assemblages. Results revealed a remarkable cooling trend of about 4°C after 1230 cal yr BP (720 CE) and a culmination with a cold pulse dated to 170–40 cal yr BP (1780–1910 CE), which likely corresponds to the regional signal of the Little Ice Age. This cold interval was followed by a rapid warming of about 3°C. In the pollen assemblages, the decrease of Pinus abundance over the past 1700 yr suggests changes in wind regimes, likely resulting from increased southerly incursions of cold and dry Arctic air masses into southeastern Canada.

Levels of Main Pollutants during #Istayathome for the Coronavirus Pandemic in Rome Urban Air

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanizza C ◽  
◽  
Risuglia A ◽  
Inglessis M ◽  
Ietto F ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
So2 Emission ◽  
Domestic Heating ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to evaluate and discuss the impact that the restrictive measures adopted for coronavirus have had on the main air pollutants. CO and NOx trends showed a reduction in levels from January to April 2020. A reduction in NOx (54%) concentration and in CO (7.6%) was detected by comparing the average of their values measured from March 9th - April 15th in 2019 and in 2020. A reduction in NOx concentrations compared to the average of previous four years was detected in March (47%) and April 2020 (73%). PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations measured by the Lazio Regional Agency for Environmental Protection in various urban sites in Rome, were studied. PM2.5 and PM10 trends from January 1st to April 15th showed a concentration decrease, although during this period they exceeded the recommended daily level several times. PM10 has exceeded the limit value from March 28th-30th, and the analysis of the backward trajectories of the NOAA detected a desert dust transport from the Caspian Sea. PM2.5 showed high values from March 18th-22nd and from April 8th-13th. A long-range transport of air masses from regions with high SO2 emission sources was detected, while analyzing the daily trends of CO, SO2 and radon for these periods. The influence of domestic heating on PM levels was evaluated for the years 2018 and 2019. The results did not show a significant impact of domestic heating on PM levels.

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