Side effects in dermatology; a guide to adverse drug reactions, 10th edition, 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. e107
Author(s):  
Joseph C. English
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Reactions

scholarly journals Pharmacovigilance in perspective: drug withdrawals, data mining and policy implications

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muaed Alomar ◽  
Subish Palaian ◽  
Moawia M. Al-tabakha
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Withdrawals

Considering that marketed drugs are not free from side effects, many countries have initiated pharmacovigilance programs. These initiatives have provided countries with methods of detection and prevention of adverse drug reactions at an earlier stage, thus preventing harm occurring in the larger population. In this review, examples of drug withdrawals due to effective pharmacovigilance programs have been provided with details. In addition, information concerning data mining in pharmacovigilance, an effective method to assess pharmacoepidemiologic data and detecting signals for rare and uncommon side effects, is also examined, which is a method synchronized with information technology and advanced electronic tools. The importance of policy framework in relation to pharmacovigilance is discussed in detail, and country experiences upon implementation of pharmacovigilance policies is highlighted.

TOXICITIES OF TARGETED THERAPY AND IMMUNE-RELATED ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS OF IMMUNOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF METASTATIC MELANOMA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidija Kandolf Sekulović
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Mek Inhibitor ◽  
Braf Inhibitors ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Acneiform Eruption

Targeted therapy and immunotherapy changed the treatment landscape for metastatic melanoma, which is chemotherapy resistant cancer. In pre-innovation era, the overall survival of patients with metastatic melanoma was 6 months, while today 5-year overall survival rate of 34% (and 50% in good prognostic groups) is evident. However, both treatments have their side effects, and cutaneous are the most frequent. Treating physicians in oncology centres, but also primary care specialists, need to be aware of their spectrum which differs for each class of drug: BRAF inhibitors, MEK inhibitors and immunotherapy with anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4. While BRAF inhibitors have the most prominent adverse effects which are class specific, there are also drug-specific adverse effects. For example, vemurafenib causes photosensitivity, which is not specific for dabrafenib, while dabrafenib induces pyrexia, that occurs much less frequently with other BRAF inhibitors. Cutaneous rash and cutaneous neoplasms which develop due to paradoxical activation of RAS signalling are described with BRAF inhibitor monotherapy. These side-effects are much less common in combination therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitor, but MEK inhibitor itself causes characteristic acneiform eruption, and serous retinopathy. Immune related adverse drug reactions are a hallmark of the immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy, which can affect every organ system, and most commonly skin, lungs and gastrointestinal system, with differential frequencies recorded with anti-CTLA4 therapy and anti PD-1 therapy. Skin reactions most frequently include pruritus and eczematous reactions, as well as vitiligo-like hypopigmentation, which is linked Melanom 45 to the better response to treatment. In this review, frequent and rare side effects are presented, as well as the current algorithms for their treatment.

scholarly journals Study of Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with Chemotherapy of Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1572-1578
Author(s):  
Barli Anvisha ◽  
Bonthu Sai Sireesha ◽  
Chilla Anitha ◽  
Sarvana Sravya ◽  
Dr. Shubham Babu Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Care Ward

Introduction/ Background Breast carcinoma is an important malignant tumor which occurs as non-invasive and invasive cancer with its various morphologic varieties. One of the treatments used for breast cancer is chemotherapy which has many side-effects. Aim and Objectives The aim of the present study is to assess the adverse drug reactions associated with chemotherapy of breast cancer. Methodology The study is observational, prospective study that includes all female patients admitted in day-care ward for chemotherapy cycles. Result The percentage of common side-effects were Nausea (75%), Alopecia (72%), Emesis (69%), Diarrhoea and Insomnia (64%), Asthenia (50%), Black nails (32%). There was a gradual reduction in weight of the study population. Conclusion The study emphasized the need to focus on management of other side-effects, for close monitoring over side-effects, muscle strength, weight changes, psychological health of the patient.

scholarly journals Psychotic Disorders, Definition, Sign and Symptoms, Antipsychotic Drugs, Mechanism of Action, Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics with Side Effects & Adverse Drug Reactions: Updated Systematic Review Article

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Rohit Bangwal ◽  
Shivam Bisht ◽  
Saurabh Saklani ◽  
Shobit Garg ◽  
Mohan Dhayani
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reaction ◽  
Drug Reaction ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Wide Range

Psychosis is a mental disorder characterized by a disconnection from reality. Psychosis is a group of disorder characterized by thought disorder, abnormal behaviour, defective cognition, delusion and hallucination. Adverse drug reaction is defined as any undesired or unintended effects of drugs treatment. According to the World Health Organization (WHO)- “adverse drug reaction (ADRs) has been defined one which is noxious and unintended, and which occurs at doses normally used in man for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy of disease, or modification of physiological function”. Adverse drug reactions are the most important causes of the mortality and morbidity. Antipsychotics are the most effective drugs which are used in the psychiatry in the maintenance therapy of mania, psychoses and schizophrenia. The antipsychotics drugs are chemically disparate but have the common property of alleviating the symptoms of organic as well as functional psychosis. But they also have a capacity to cause a wide range of potential adverse drug reactions that can lead to non-compliance that can impair quality of life, may cause the extra pyramidal symptoms which can lead to discontinuation of therapy and in extreme cases it may be fatal. Knowledge of assessment of ADRs due to different antipsychotics is necessary. It helps to choose to safe treatment and reduce the risk of occurrence of ADRs by the clinicians. ADR are often poorly identified and reported in day to day medical practice. As we collect more and more information about ADRs, we need an active surveillance system regarding identification and reporting of ADRs with antipsychotic drugs.  On many review articles are read & ward round participation experiences we find that antipsychotic drugs can have shown a various kind of ADRs. Psychiatrist and clinical pharmacist are need to be made aware of these potentially fatal adverse effects associated with antipsychotic drugs via conduction of patients counseling regarding (drugs, disease, doses & side effects), quality-based seminars, published medical literature, conferences, learning programs and health care camps. Keywords: Antipsychotic Drugs, WHO, Adverse Drug Reactions, Pharmacovigilance, Psychiatrist.

scholarly journals A review on vaccines – benefits and risks

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Akhil Susmith P ◽  
Soha Sanobar ◽  
Prathyusha Vadluri ◽  
Bhavya Sri ◽  
Pratap Kabya
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
General Review ◽  
Health Market

The article outlines the benefits and risks of vaccines. Vaccine safety and myths and misinformation, the general review of the importance of the vaccines. Steps involved in the Development of Vaccines and also illustrates the immunization importance and its disadvantages. Administration of vaccines in different age groups. Classification of different available vaccines in the health market. Also stating the possible adverse drug reactions / potential side effects of the vaccines and their monitoring and management of adrs. We concluded that Vaccine acceptance must be widespread in order to provide herd immunity so that individuals who cannot be directly protected by vaccination are protected by communal immunity. The danger is quite low, and the advantages of vaccinations usually outweigh it.

scholarly journals Role of Pharmacist in Addressing the Adverse Drug Reactions and Improving the Knowledge of Patients Regarding Their Drug Therapy at Government Civil Hospital Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
Zuheeb Ahmed ◽  
Marvi Metlo ◽  
Sajid Ali ◽  
Shahzad Ali ◽  
Hetesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Before And After

Adverse Drug Reactions are among the major problems that cause mortality and morbidity in patients worldwide. In this study, Adverse Drug Reactions with common medicines were addressed, and the knowledge of pharmacist for prescribed medicine was also evaluated before and after educating the patients by pharmacist. The duration of this study was one year from October 2016 to October 2017. A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed and completed on 150 patients admitted to the hospital's medical ward. Patients whose ages were between 18-60 years, either male or female, who reported chronic diseases and took medication for a long time were selected for the study. Children or patients having < 18 years and taking medicine for a short period were excluded from this study. Selected patients were evaluated, and results were collected. Finally, the collected data was analysed with the 21st version of IBM’s Statistical Package for Service Solutions (SPSS v23). Of 150 selected patients, 61% were male, and 39% were female. Most patients were from the 18-30 age group, i.e., 28%. 60% of the patients hail from rural areas, and 40% from an urban areas. Of the 150 patient studied, 36.7% were illiterate, and only 4.7% of patients were above intermediate. Most of the patients were working in different government and private sectors. 8% of those taking the combination of Amoxicillin+Omeprazole+Salbutamol reported side-effects, whereas minimum side effects (2.0%) with Cholorothiazide+Atenolol+ Paracetamol. Reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients were Headache (14.9%), nausea (13.8%), vomiting (10.3%), abdominal pain (12.6%), constipation (8.0%), diarrhea (10.3%), skin rashes (5.7%), loss of appetite (4.6%), dizziness (6.9%), tiredness (6.9%) and confusion (5.7%). The knowledge of patients regarding therapy was compared before and after counseling that shows increased awareness in patients after counseling the patients. Before counseling average knowledge of patients was 27.5% that increased to 50.3% after counseling. After analyzing the results, it is concluded that pharmacist counseling and providing education to patients can significantly decrease the ADRs and increase the compliance of drugs that will ultimately enhance patients' quality of life. It was recommended that the hospital should appoint the pharmacist, especially a clinical pharmacist, and Hospital administration should arrange the programs for the awareness of patients on appropriate uses of drugs and their side effects.

scholarly journals Adverse Drug Reactions to Antiretroviral Therapy: Prospective Study in Children in Sikasso (Mali)

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aboubacar A. Oumar ◽  
Korotoumou Diallo ◽  
Jean P. Dembélé ◽  
Lassana Samaké ◽  
Issa Sidibé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pharmacovigilance System ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Grade 3

OBJECTIVES Adverse events during antiretroviral treatment are frequent and various. Their diagnosis incurs some various difficulties according to the geographic context. Our aim was to describe the frequency, nature, and preventability of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to antiretroviral treatment in Malian outpatient children. METHODS The study was a 6-month (June 1 to November 30, 2010) prospective, observational study of 92 children admitted to a pediatric hospital in Sikasso, Mali. The patients were treated with a generic drug and/or drug combinations. Prior to treatment initiation, demographic characteristics, clinical history, and biologic parameters, including CD4 cell counts, were collected for each patient. The World Health Organization's adverse drug reactions classification was used to characterize the side effects. Adverse effects and toxicities were graded 1, 2, and 3. Analysis of data was performed using SPSS Version 17.0 software. RESULTS Ninety-two human immunodeficiency virus–infected children met the criteria of inclusion. After 24 weeks of treatment, we observed that 14.1% of children had at least one side effect during our study. Side effects were many and varied, with the most frequent being cutaneous rash, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (38.5%, 23.1%, 15.4%, and 15.4%, respectively). Side effects were grade 1 in most cases. One case of grade 2 and one case of grade 3 were observed with rash. We observed one case of grade 3 side effects during our study. The treatment regimen was changed in 15.2% of cases, including one case because of side effects. CONCLUSION ADRs are not rare in Mali, particularly in children. These ADRs have an impact on quality of life for patients. We recommend a pharmacovigilance system for sustainable management of side effects in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus in Mali.

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